Es Quiz Points

ES QUIZ POINTS
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
 Genetic Biodiversity:
Genetic diversity refers to the diversity of the gene pool of a given
species, or diversity at the DNA level. Genetic diversity can be
inferred from what an animal looks like, but is more accurately
determined through direct assessments of a species' DNA
Eg} Different breeds of dogs, Different varieties of crops, Amino-
acid sequences
 Species Biodiversity:
Species diversity is not only based on the number of species
present in a community, but also the relative abundance of each
species and their role in the community.
Eg} Great Barrier Reef, Woodland Forest,
 Ecosystem Biodiversity:
Ecosystem diversity refers to variability in habitats within a
geographic area. Unlike genetic and species diversity, ecosystem
diversity considers biological and non-biological drivers of
variability, like temperature and sunlight.
Ecosystem diversity can be further subdivided into:
1. Aquatic: Freshwater (Lotic/Lentic), Marine, Estuary
2. Terrestrial: Forest, Desert, Grasslands
Eg} Forests, Marine ecosystems, Tundra, grasslands
FLORA AND FAUNA IN DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS OF ENVIRONMENT:

MEASURES OF BIODIVERSITY:
 Alpha:
Alpha diversity describes species diversity within a community at a
small scale or local scale, generally the size of one ecosystem.
When we casually speak of diversity in an area, often it refers to
alpha diversity.
 Beta:
Beta diversity describes the species diversity between two
communities or ecosystems. It is at a larger scale and looks to
compare the species diversity between two separate entities that
are often divided by a clear geographical barrier like a river or a
mountain ridge.
 Gamma:
Gamma diversity is studied at a very large scale—a biome—where
species diversity is compared between many ecosystems. It could
range over areas like the entire slope of a mountain, or the entire
littoral zone of a seashore.
 Alpha Diversity: In a single coral reef, there are 25 species of

fish, 30 species of coral, and 10 species of molluscs.
 Beta Diversity: Comparing a forest and a nearby grassland, the
forest has 20 unique species of trees, and the grassland has 10
species of grass, with only 2 species shared between them.
 Gamma Diversity: Across an entire region that includes a forest,
grassland, and wetland, there are 200 species of plants and animals
in total.
BIODIVERSITY ZONES IN INDIA:

This PDF from ResearchGate covers the following biodiversity zones in India:
 Trans-Himalayan Region
 Himalayan Zone
 Indian Desert Zone
 Semi-arid Region
 Western Ghats
 Deccan Plateau
 Gangetic Plains
 Coastal Regions
 North-East Region
 Andaman and Nicobar Islands
BIOGEOGRAPHIC ZONES IN INDIA:
1. Trans-Himalayan Zone (THZ):
o Geographic Area: Covers the cold desert regions of Ladakh,
Lahaul-Spiti and parts of Jammu & Kashmir.It is located in the
northernmost part of India.
o Climate: Harsh, cold desert climate with low precipitation.
o Major Flora: Sparse vegetation including alpine and desert plants.
o Major Fauna: Snow leopards, Tibetan wild ass, Himalayan marmot.
2. Himalayan Zone (HZ):

o Geographic Area: Encompasses the Himalayan mountain range
including Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and parts of Jammu &
Kashmir.
o Climate: It includes diverse climates and habitats such as
temperate forests, sub-alpine meadows, and alpine pastures. This
makes this region a confluence of different bio-geographical zones,
which leads to the richness in species diversity.
o Major Flora: Oak, rhododendron, pine forests.
o Major Fauna: Red panda, Himalayan tahr, various species of

pheasants.
3. Northwestern Desert Zone (NWDZ):
o Geographic Area: Covers the Thar Desert and parts of Rajasthan.
o Climate: Arid and hot desert climate.
o Major Flora: Cacti, thorny shrubs, desert grasses.
o Major Fauna: Indian gazelle, Indian bustard, various species of

desert lizards.
4. Semi-Arid Zone (SAZ):
o Geographic Area: Includes areas like Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,
and parts of Maharashtra.
o Climate: Semi-arid climate with moderate precipitation.
o Major Flora: Acacia, thorny shrubs, dry deciduous forests.
o Major Fauna: Chinkara, Indian fox, various species of migratory

birds.
5. Western Ghats (WG):
o Geographic Area: It is stretched along the western coast, covering
states like Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa. The Western
Ghats are a biodiversity hotspot renowned for their high levels of
endemism and species diversity.
o Climate: High rainfall and tropical climate.
o Major Flora: Dense evergreen and deciduous forests, numerous

endemic species.
o Major Fauna: Malabar giant squirrel, lion-tailed macaque, various
species of frogs.
6. Deccan Plateau (DP):
o Geographic Area: The Deccan Plateau is a vast, elevated region
characterized by diverse landscapes and habitats. It covers the
central part of India including parts of Maharashtra, Telangana, and
Madhya Pradesh.
o Climate: The climate of this region is varied, from semi-arid to
tropical.
o Major Flora: Dry deciduous forests, scrubland, grasslands, and
rocky plateaus.
o Major Fauna: Indian gazelle, Indian wolf, various species of
reptiles.
7. Gangetic Plain (GP):
o Geographic Area: Encompasses fertile plains of Northern India
formed by the Ganges River, covering states like Uttar Pradesh and
Bihar. This zone is characterized by fertile alluvial soils and a
network of rivers.
o Climate: Tropical monsoon climate with high rainfall.
o Major Flora: Alluvial forests, agricultural land.
o Major Fauna: Ganges river dolphin, Indian rhinoceros, various

species of migratory birds.
8. Central Highlands (CH):
o Geographic Area: Covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
and Jharkhand.
o Climate: The climate of this region is varied, with hills and
plateaus.
o Major Flora: Dry deciduous forests, mixed forests.
o Major Fauna: Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, various species of

primates.
9. North East (NE):
o Geographic Area: Includes northeastern states like Assam,
Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya.
o Climate: It is characterised by high rainfall, tropical climate.
o Major Flora: Evergreen forests, bamboo groves.
o Major Fauna: Red panda, clouded leopard, various species of

orchids.
10.Islands (IS):
o Geographic Area: Includes the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and
Lakshadweep. This zone has unique marine and island ecosystems.
o Climate: Tropical maritime climate.
o Major Flora: Coastal vegetation, mangroves.
o Major Fauna: Nicobar pigeon, dugong, various species of coral reef

fish.
STATE ANIMALS OF INDIA:
Refer prompt
NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA:

Refer prompt
TYPES OF CONVERSATION:
In situ and ex situ are two conservation strategies that differ in where the species
are conserved:
 In situ
Conserves species in their natural habitats, such as national parks, wildlife
sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves. In situ conservation is used when the
species population is large enough to be conserved in their natural environment.
 Ex situ
Conserves species in artificial habitats, such as botanical gardens, zoos,
aquariums, seed banks, and gene banks. Ex situ conservation is used when the
species population is too small to be sustained in their natural environment.

Es Quiz Points

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Es Quiz Points

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Es Quiz Points

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ES QUIZ POINTS

FLORA AND FAUNA IN DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS OF ENVIRONMENT:

 Alpha Diversity: In a single coral reef, there are 25 species of

BIODIVERSITY ZONES IN INDIA:

o Major Flora: Sparse vegetation including alpine and desert plants.

o Major Fauna: Snow leopards, Tibetan wild ass, Himalayan marmot.

2. Himalayan Zone (HZ):

o Major Fauna: Red panda, Himalayan tahr, various species of

o Climate: Arid and hot desert climate.

o Major Flora: Cacti, thorny shrubs, desert grasses.

o Major Fauna: Indian gazelle, Indian bustard, various species of

o Major Flora: Acacia, thorny shrubs, dry deciduous forests.

o Major Fauna: Chinkara, Indian fox, various species of migratory

o Major Flora: Dense evergreen and deciduous forests, numerous

o Major Flora: Alluvial forests, agricultural land.

o Major Fauna: Ganges river dolphin, Indian rhinoceros, various

o Major Fauna: Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, various species of

o Major Flora: Evergreen forests, bamboo groves.

o Major Fauna: Red panda, clouded leopard, various species of

o Major Flora: Coastal vegetation, mangroves.

o Major Fauna: Nicobar pigeon, dugong, various species of coral reef

NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA:

You might also like