A New Species of the Scinax ruber Clade (Anura, Hylidae) from the Espinhaço

Range, Northeastern Brazil

Author(s): Flora A. Juncá, Marcelo F. Napoli, Ivan Nunes, Ednei A. Mercês, and Rafael O. Abreu
Source: Herpetologica, 71(4):299-309.
Published By: The Herpetologists' League
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-14-00032
URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-14-00032

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Herpetologica, 71(4), 2015, 299–309
E 2015 by The Herpetologists’ League, Inc.

A New Species of the Scinax ruber Clade (Anura, Hylidae) from the Espinhaço Range,
Northeastern Brazil
FLORA A. JUNCÁ1, MARCELO F. NAPOLI2,3, IVAN NUNES3,4, EDNEI A. MERCÊS1, AND RAFAEL O. ABREU2
1
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, 44031-460 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil
2
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
3
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

ABSTRACT: A new species belonging to the Scinax ruber clade, morphologically similar to S. cabralensis and S. rupestris, is described from the
Municipality of Miguel Calmon, State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. This locality belongs to the northern portion of the Espinhaço Range known
as Chapada Diamantina, a semiarid region in central Bahia State. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners of the S. ruber clade by
a combination of adult (size, morphology, color pattern, and advertisement call) as well as larval (external morphology, and oral cavity)
characteristics. The description of this frog adds another species, and the first of the S. ruber clade, to those that are endemic to Chapada
Diamantina.
Key words: Chapada Diamantina; Dendropsophini; Hylinae; Scinax montivagus; Taxonomy

THE SPECIOSE treefrog genus Scinax Wagler, a member of (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia,
the subfamily Hylinae, currently comprises more than 100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil), and USNM (National Museum of
recognized species that occur from Mexico to Argentina Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC,
(Frost 2014). Faivovich (2002) demonstrated the paraphyly USA). Additional specimens examined are listed in the
of the S. ruber species group as defined by Pombal et al. Appendix. The GPS coordinates for the specimens in the
(1995b). Faivovich et al. (2005) further redefined the type series were obtained at the type locality.
S. ruber clade (which collectively includes all species of From the specimens, we recorded the dimensions of 15
the former S. ruber and S. staufferi groups plus the S. rostratus measurements (mm). Nine measurements followed Duell-
species group) to include the S. uruguayus species group. man (1970): SVL (snout–vent length), HL (head length),
The species of the S. ruber clade share the putatively diagnostic HW (head width), ED (eye diameter), TD (tympanum
character of a larval proctodeal tube positioned above the diameter), UEW (upper eyelid width), IOD (interorbital
margin of the lower fin (Faivovich et al. 2005), and are widely distance), IND (internarial distance), and TL (tibia length).
distributed throughout Central and South America (Frost Thigh length (THL) followed Heyer et al. (1990). The five
2014). remaining measurements followed Napoli (2005): END
During amphibian surveys in the Chapada Diamantina (eye–nostril distance), NSD (nostril to tip of snout distance),
ecoregion (a regional designation for the northern Espinhaço FL (foot length including tarsus), 3FD (third finger disk
mountain range in the Brazilian semiarid biome) in Bahia diameter), and 4TD (fourth-toe disk diameter). SVL, HL,
State, northeastern Brazil, we collected specimens of an HW, THL, TL, and FL were measured with Vernier calipers
undescribed species of Scinax that resembled members of (60.05 mm); the other measurements were all taken with an
the ruber clade. Here, we describe this new species of Scinax ocular micrometer in a Zeiss stereomicroscope. Standards
and provide descriptions of its advertisement call, larvae, and for the dorsal outline of the snout followed Heyer et al.
natural history. (1990) and the profile view followed Duellman (1970).
Webbing formulae notations followed Savage and Heyer
MATERIALS AND METHODS (1967) as modified by Myers and Duellman (1982).
The specimens and call records examined were deposited Larvae were obtained from a single mating pair in
in the following zoological collections: AL-MN (Coleção amplexus on 21 January 2006, near a small pool in the
“Adolpho Lutz,” housed at the Museu Nacional, Universi- Parque Municipal de Mucugê, Mucugê Municipality, Bahia
dade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), State, Brazil. They were packed in a water-filled plastic bag
BMNH (Natural History Museum, London, United King- in the field for return to our lab facility. The breeding pair
dom), CFBH (Coleção “Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad,” was maintained in laboratory conditions until oviposition.
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil), MNRJ The hatched larvae were reared until they reached the
(Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, appropriate stage to take body measurements and describe
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), MZFS-DAR (Museu de Zoologia da the external morphology and characteristics of the oral
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Divisão de cavity. The adult specimens were then deposited in the
Anfı́bios e Répteis, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil), MZUSP Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Feira de Santana
(Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São (MZFS 2409–2410). The larval measurements and descrip-
Paulo, Brazil), SUEFS (Sonoteca da Universidade Estadual tion were based on 13 specimens in Stages 33–34 (Limbaugh
de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil), UFBA and Volpe 1957, as modified by Gosner 1960). The
measurements, terminology and labial tooth row formula
4
CORRESPONDENCE: e-mail, [email protected] followed Altig (1970) and Altig and McDiarmid (1999),

299
300 Herpetologica 71(4), 2015

except that the interorbital distance was taken between the The Scinax ruber clade includes three recognized
inner margins of the eyes, and that the terminology of oral subclades: the S. fuscomarginatus, S. rostratus, and S.
disc position followed Faivovich (2002). All larval specimens uruguayus species groups (Faivovich et al. 2005; Brusquetti
obtained from that breeding event were deposited in the et al. 2014). Among the 67 species of the S. ruber clade
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de currently recognized, 53 are not assigned to a species group
Santana (MZFS lot 571). We recorded 15 measurements (see Araujo-Vieira et al. 2015). With the use of comparisons
(mm) with a stereomicroscope with a 12-mm micrometrical with other species, we show why the new species described
lens: TL (total length), BL (body length), BH (maximum here does not belong to any of the three currently recognized
body height), BW (maximum body width), TAL (tail length), monophyletic groups. We also describe differences in the
MTH (maximum tail height), TMH (tail musculature size of the adult males, color pattern characteristics, and
height), DFH (dorsal fin height), VFH (ventral fin height), other phenotypic characteristics (e.g., external morphology,
IO (interorbital distance), E (eye diameter), N (nostril larval morphology, and vocalization) that differentiate the
diameter), NS (nostril–snout distance), NE (nostril–eye new species from the other species of the S. ruber clade.
distance), and ODW (oral disc width). Finally, we provide additional comparisons with the most
Advertisement calls from the Parque Estadual das Sete similar species (in all cases, traits of compared species are
Passagens (type locality), Municipality of Miguel Calmon, provided in parentheses).
State of Bahia, Brazil (voucher/sound number: UFBA 6359/
SUEFS100.457, UFBA 6360/100.456, UFBA 6361/SUEFS SPECIES DESCRIPTION
100.458, and UFBA 6363/SUEFS 100.459; adult males Scinax montivagus sp. nov.
recorded on 24 July 2006, air temperature 18uC) were (Figs. 1 and 2)
recorded by Milena Camardelli on a Marantz PMD222
cassette recorder coupled to a Sennheiser ME66 directional Holotype.—UFBA 6753 (Fig. 1), adult male, Mata do
microphone. Advertisement calls from the municipalities of Campo Limpo, Parque Estadual das Sete Passagens,
Mucugê (MZFS-DAR 2158/SUEFS 14.10, MZFS-DAR Municipality of Miguel Calmon (11u239490S, 40u319370W;
2159/SUEFS 14.11, and MZFS-DAR 2160/SUEFS 14.12; 1040 m above sea level [asl]; datum 5 WGS84 for all
adult males recorded on 17 December 2005, air temperature coordinates), Bahia State, Brazil, collected 20 November
19–20uC) and Morro do Chapéu (MZFS-DAR 3619/SUEFS 2006 by A.L. Xavier and W. Fahning.
100.20; an adult male recorded on 26 May 2009, air Paratopotypes.—All from the Parque Estadual das Sete
temperature 20uC), State of Bahia, Brazil, were recorded Passagens, Municipality of Miguel Calmon, Bahia State,
by F.A. Juncá using a digital Audio Tape-Corder Sony TCD- Brazil. UFBA 6359–6367, 7294–7295, adult males, collected
D8 and ERIDOL R-09 recorder (wave files), respectively, 23–26 July 2006 by A.L. Xavier, R.O. Abreu, M. Camardelli,
both coupled to a Sony ECM-MS907 Electret Condenser D. Cruz, and P.M. Fonseca; UFBA 6943–6945, 6948–6949,
Microphone. Sounds were recorded and digitized at a sample 6951, 6953–6955, 7165–7168, 7226, adult males, 6946–6947,
rate of 44.1 kHz, with a sample size of 16 bits. Advertisement 6950, 6952, 7163, adult females, 7160–7162, 7164, 7227,
calls were analyzed using Canary v1.2.4 software. The juveniles, collected 16–20 January 2007 by A.L. Xavier, D.
audiospectrograms were made using a fast Fourier transform Cruz, R.O. Abreu, and T. Filadelfo. Mata do Campo Limpo
length (FFT) of 1024 points and window hamming. Call (11u239S, 40u319W; 1040 m asl): UFBA 6748, adult male,
classification followed Wells (1977), and call component collected 19 November 2006 by R.O. Abreu and M.
terminology (call duration, pulse rate, and dominant Camardelli; UFBA 6752, adult female, collected 18 Novem-
frequency parameters) followed Cocroft and Ryan (1995). ber 2006 by T. Filadelfo and P.M. Fonseca. Riacho do
Pulse and note definitions followed Littlejohn (2001). Dandá (11u23950S, 40u319160W; 1070 m asl): UFBA 6749–
6751, adult males, collected 19–21 November 2006 by R.O.
Abreu and M. Camardelli.
Referred specimens.—Brazil, Bahia State, municipali-
ties of Abaı́ra (MZFS-DAR 1759, 1766, 1770–1771, 1777–
1779, 1782), Iraquara (MZFS-DAR 1884), Morro do Chapéu
(MZFS-DAR 2349–2352, 2390–2391, 2393, 2395–2396,
2398), and Mucugê (MZFS-DAR 2118–2120, 2354, 2356–
2359, 2373, UFBA 2306, 7757).
Diagnosis.—Species assigned to the genus Scinax by the
webbing between Toes I and II not extending beyond the
subarticular tubercle of Toe I, and to the S. ruber clade by
the proctodeal tube in the larvae positioned above the
margin of the lower fin (see Faivovich et al. 2005). The
species is distinguished from all congeners by the combina-
tion of the following characteristics: moderate SVL as adults
(male SVL 25.9–30.0 mm; female SVL 28.9–32.2 mm); snout
round in dorsal view and profile; canthus rostralis straight
and well marked; modal webbing formula (toes) I 2+–2K II
FIG. 1.—Scinax montivagus sp. nov. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views 1K–22 III 1K–3 IV 2K–1K V; presence of tarsal fold and
of holotype, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) tarsal tubercle; dorsal drawing pattern of fragmented brown
6753, adult male, snout–vent length 5 28.3 mm. marks forming an inverted parenthesis in scapular area plus
 JUNCÁ ET AL.— A NEW SPECIES OF SCINAX 301

two fragmented brown longitudinal marks on sacral region; sacral region—distinguishes it from the following species of
anterior and posterior surfaces of thigh and groin beige, the S. ruber clade that have distinct dorsolateral white and/or
without yellow flash coloration in live specimens; absence of dark brown longitudinal stripes (as described by Bokermann
transverse brown bars on the limbs; larval body triangular; 1969; Duellman 1970, 1971; Lutz 1973; Heyer et al. 1990;
labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1); absence of keratinized Carvalho-e-Silva and Peixoto 1991; Duellman and Wiens
plates on the sides of the lower jaw sheath; presence of 1992, 1993; Barrio-Amorós et al. 2004; Nunes and Pombal
submarginal papillae in tadpole lower lip; posterior third 2010, 2011; Nunes et al. 2012): S. altae (Dunn 1933),
tooth row not modified as a labial arm; ventral oral disc; S. auratus, S. cardosoi, S. cretatus Nunes and Pombal 2011,
advertisement call with a single note, call duration 0.14–0.24 S. juncae Nunes and Pombal 2010, S. oreites Duellman and
s, 9–19 pulses per note of similar sound intensity, and sound Wiens 1993, S. quinquefasciatus (Fowler 1913), S. squalir-
energy more intense in the second or third quartile of ostris (Lutz 1925), S. staufferi (Cope 1865), S. wandae
a pulse. (Pyburn and Fouquette 1971), S. alter (Lutz 1973), S.
Comparisons with other species.—Scinax montivagus crospedospilus (Lutz 1925), S. cuspidatus, S. imbegue
is distinguished from the species of the S. fuscomarginatus Nunes, Kwet and Pombal 2012, S. ruber (Laurenti 1768),
clade sensu Brusquetti et al. (2014) [S. fuscomarginatus and S. tymbamirim Nunes, Kwet and Pombal 2012. The
(Lutz 1925), S. madeirae (Bokermann 1964), S. villasboasi dorsal color pattern also distinguishes S. montivagus from
Brusquetti, Jansen, Barrio-Amorós, Segalla and Haddad species of the S. ruber clade that have the dorsum maculated
2014] by the vocal sac that does not reach the level of by essentially brown, gray or white dots, blotches, ocelli or
pectoral fold (vs. vocal sac reaching the level of pectoral fold; asymmetric markings (as described by Fouquette and
Brusquetti et al. 2014). Scinax montivagus is differentiated Pyburn 1972; Cardoso and Sazima 1980; De la Riva 1990;
from species of the S. rostratus group sensu Faivovich et al. Lescure and Marty 2000; Drummond et al. 2007): S. blairi
(2005) (S. boulengeri (Cope 1887), S. garbei (Miranda- (Fouquette and Pyburn 1972), S. boesemani (Goin 1966), S.
Ribeiro 1926), S. jolyi (Lescure and Marty 2000), cabralensis, S. chiquitanus (De la Riva 1990), S. danae
S. kennedyi (Pyburn 1973), S. nebulosus (Spix 1824), (Duellman 1986), S. lindsayi Pyburn 1992, S. maracaya
S. pedromedinae (Henle 1991), S. proboscideus (Brongersma (Cardoso and Sazima 1980), and S. tigrinus Nunes, Carvalho
1933), S. rostratus (Peters 1863), S. sugillatus (Duellman and Pereira 2010. The dorsal color pattern also distinguishes
1973)) by a round snout (vs. a well-protruding snout) and the S. montivagus from species of the S. ruber clade that have an
absence of a pointed tubercle on the heel (vs. presence of interorbital dark brown blotch extending posteriorly on the
a pointed tubercle on the heel; Faivovich 2002; Faivovich et dorsum in two longitudinal dark-brown stripes to the
al. 2005). Scinax montivagus can be distinguished from inguinal region (as described by Pugliese et al. 2009): S.
species of the S. uruguayus group sensu Faivovich et al. caldarum (Lutz 1968), S. curicica Pugliese, Pombal and
(2005) (S. pinima (Bokermann and Sazima 1973), S. Sazima 2004, S. duartei (Lutz 1951) and S. rogerioi Pugliese,
uruguayus (Schmidt 1944)) by the grayish-red iris (vs. Baêta and Pombal 2009.
bicolored iris; Faivovich et al. 2005). The absence of flash coloration on the hidden surfaces of
The SVL of adult males distinguishes Scinax montivagus the thigh and groin in live specimens and the absence of
(25.9–30.0 mm) from the following species of the S. ruber transversal brown bars on the limbs differentiate
clade sensu Faivovich et al. (2005): S. acuminatus (Cope S. montivagus from all of the populations referred to S.
1862) (SVL 39–45 mm; Lutz 1973), S. auratus (Wied- x-signatus and S. nasicus (Cope 1862) (flash coloration on
Neuwied 1821) (SVL 21.4–24.7 mm; present study), the hidden surfaces of the thigh and groin in live specimens
S. cabralensis Drummond, Baêta and Pires 2007 (SVL and presence of transversal brown bars on the limbs; see
22.5–25.0 mm; Drummond et al. 2007), S. cardosoi Lutz 1973 for phenotypic variations of S. x-signatus and S.
(Carvalho-e-Silva and Peixoto 1991) (SVL 19.6–23.3 mm; nasicus, and Pugliese et al. 2009 for a discussion on the
Carvalho-e-Silva and Peixoto 1991), S. castroviejoi De la taxonomy of S. x-signatus). The immaculate color pattern on
Riva 1993 (male holotype SVL 45.0 mm; De la Riva 1993), S. the hidden surfaces of the thigh and groin distinguishes S.
cuspidatus (Lutz, 1925) (SVL 22.0–24.9 mm; present study), montivagus from S. iquitorum (color pattern of black
S. dolloi (Werner 1903) (male syntype SVL 34.9 mm), S. blotches covering the entire surface; Moravec et al. 2009).
eurydice (Bokermann, 1968) (SVL 44.0–52.0 mm; Boker- The iris coloration of S. montivagus is grayish-red, maculated
mann 1968), S. exiguus (Duellman, 1986) (SVL 18.0–20.8 by a fine dark-brown reticulated pattern, and its medial
mm; Duellman 1986), S. fuscovarius (Lutz 1925) (SVL 41.0– region has a dark-brown bar and gray lower hemisphere; this
44.0 mm; Cei 1980), S. granulatus (Peters 1871) (SVL 32.0– pattern distinguishes it from S. cretatus (iris brown; Nunes
38.0 mm; Cei 1980), S. hayii (Barbour 1909) (SVL 39.0–42.0 and Pombal 2011), S. cruentommus (Duellman 1972)
mm; Lutz 1973), S. iquitorum Moravec, Tuanama, Pérez- (horizontal red streak through the eye) and S. rupestris
Peña and Lehr, 2009 (male paratype SVL 35.0 mm; Moravec Araujo-Vieira, Brandão and Faria 2015 (iris beige, with fine
et al. 2009), S. perereca Pombal, Haddad and Kasahara, 1995 dark brown reticulated pattern covering the iris and a trans-
(SVL 34.0–38.5 mm; Pombal et al. 1995a), S. sateremawe versal dark-brown bar; Araujo-Vieira et al. 2015).
Sturaro and Peloso, 2014 (SVL 35.2–36.7 mm; Sturaro and The single subgular and laterally unexpanded vocal sac in
Peloso 2014), S. similis (Cochran 1952) (SVL 30.4–36.8 mm; S. montivagus distinguishes it from S. camposseabrai
present study) and S. x-signatus (Spix 1824) (SVL 32.4–38.7 (Bokermann 1968; subgular vocal sac laterally expanded;
mm; present study). Caramaschi and Cardoso 2006). The vocal sac of S.
The dorsal color pattern of S. montivagus—fragmented montivagus does not reach the level of the pectoral fold,
brown marks forming an inverted parenthesis in the scapular which distinguishes it from S. baumgardneri (Rivero 1961),
area plus two fragmented brown longitudinal marks on the S. exiguus, S. manriquei Barrio-Amorós, Orellana and
302 Herpetologica 71(4), 2015

Chacón-Ortiz 2004, and S. wandae (vocal sac reaching the S. rupestris (8–14 notes; Araujo-Vieira et al. 2015), and
level of the pectoral fold; Barrio-Amorós et al. 2004). The S. squalirostris (11–13 notes; Pombal et al. 1995a; Bilate and
canthus rostralis well marked (like an edge) and the presence Lack 2011). The call duration of 0.14–0.24 s distinguishes S.
of a tarsal fold and tarsal tubercles can distinguish S. montivagus from S. alter (0.38–2.07 s; Pombal et al. 1995a;
montivagus from S. blairi and S. quinquefasciatus (canthus Bilate and Lack 2011), S. cabralensis (0.31–1.01 s; Drum-
rostralis round, barely evident, and tarsus smooth; Duellman mond et al. 2007; Bilate and Lack 2011), S. chiquitanus
1971; Fouquette and Pyburn 1972). Scinax montivagus can (0.08–0.10 s; Duellman and Wiens 1993), S. crospedospilus
be distinguished from S. cretatus by the presence of a tarsal (0.25–0.32 s; Heyer et al. 1990; Bilate and Lack 2011), S.
fold (tarsus smooth; Nunes and Pombal 2011). The webbing cruentommus (0.35–0.37 s; Duellman 1972), S. elaeochrous
formulae (toes) I 2+–2K II 1–2– III 1K–3 IV 2K–1K V, and (1.5–48 s; Duellman 1970), S. eurydice (0.09–0.11 s; Pombal
the presence of a tarsal fold and tarsal tubercles, can et al. 1995a; Bilate and Lack 2011), S. ictericus (0.07–0.09 s;
distinguish S. montivagus from S. similis (I 2–2 II 2–3 III 2– Duellman and Wiens 1993), S. lindsayi (0.08–0.10 s; Pyburn
3 IV 2K–1 V and tarsus smooth). 1992), S. maracaya (0.28 s; Cardoso and Sazima 1980; Bilate
The presence of submarginal papillae in the tadpole lower and Lack 2011), S. manriquei (0.25–1.74 s; Barrio-Amorós et
lip can diagnose Scinax montivagus from S. auratus, al. 2004), S. nasicus (0.42–0.98 s; De la Riva 1994), S.
S. caldarum, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, S. duartei, perereca (0.28–0.35 s; Pombal et al. 1995b; Bilate and Lack
S. eurydice, S. funereus (Cope 1874), S. fuscovarius, S. 2011), S. rogerioi (0.27–0.70 s; Pugliese et al. 2009), and S.
hayii, S. ictericus Duellman and Wiens 1993, S. juncae, squalirostris (0.58–0.68 s; Pombal et al. 1995a; Bilate and
S. maracaya, S. oreites Duellman and Wiens 1993, S. Lack 2011). The number of pulses per note (11–19) can
pachycrus (Miranda-Ribeiro 1937), S. perereca, and S. ruber differentiate S. montivagus from S. boesemani (8 pulses;
(submarginal papillae absent; Bokermann 1967; Kenny 1969; Lescure and Marty 2000), S. eurydice (4–7 pulses; Pombal et
Duellman 1978; Cardoso and Sazima 1980; Hero 1990; al. 1995a; Bilate and Lack 2011), and S. juncae (4–5 pulses;
Heyer et al. 1990; Andrade and Cardoso 1991; Duellman Nunes et al. 2010; Bilate and Lack 2011). In addition, the
and Wiens 1993; Wogel et al. 2000; Pugliese and Bastos pulse rate of 53.42–64.10 pulses/s in S. montivagus can
2001; Carneiro et al. 2004; Pugliese et al. 2004; Lynch 2006; diagnose it from S. elaeochrous (40–50 pulses/s; Duellman
Rossa-Feres and Nomura 2006; Mercês and Juncá 2012). 1970). The advertisement call of S. montivagus comprises
The labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1) differentiates S. one single note of 9–19 pulses and call duration of 0.14 to
montivagus from S. pachycrus (labial tooth row formula 0.24 s, whereas in S. rupestris the advertisement call
2(2)/3; Carneiro et al. 2004). The absence of keratinized includes 8–14 notes, each one with 4–18 pulses and call
plates on the sides of the lower jaw sheath differentiates S. duration ranges to 0.29–0.42 s (Araujo-Vieira et al. 2015).
montivagus from known tadpoles in the S. uruguayus species Furthermore, in S. montivagus, the pulses show similar
group (keratinized plates on the sides of the lower jaw sheath sound amplitude (except for the first two and the last pulses,
present; Kolenc et al. 2003). The absence of a posterior third which are always less energetic than the other ones), whereas
tooth row (hereafter called P3) located at the end of a labial in S. rupestris clear uprising sound amplitude occurs in the
arm separates S. montivagus from S. alter, S. auratus, S. last pulses of each note (Araujo-Vieira et al. 2015).
crospedospilus, S. cuspidatus, S. juncae and all known Scinax montivagus bears greatest morphological resem-
tadpoles of the S. rostratus species group (P3 modified as blance to S. cabralensis and S. rupestris. In addition to the
a labial arm; Heyer et al. 1990; Alves and Carvalho-e-Silva above differences, the new species also differs from S.
2002; Faivovich 2002; Alves et al. 2004; Mercês and Juncá cabralensis by a snout that is round in profile (acuminate in
2012). The presence of a colored keratinized spur on each S. cabralensis), canthus rostralis well marked (like an edge;
side behind the lower jaw sheath differentiates S. montiva- round in S. cabralensis), a prominent supratympanic fold
gus from S. ictericus (spurs absent; Faivovich 2002). The (vestigial in S. cabralensis), a less developed vocal sac, small
subterminal oral disc can distinguish S. montivagus from S. and round finger discs (large and elliptical in S. cabralensis),
acuminatus and species of the S. rostratus group (terminal a modal webbing formula (toes) of I 2+–2K II 1K–2– III 1K–
oral disc; Faivovich 2002). The moderate size and slightly 3 IV 2K–1K V (I 2–2 II 1–2 III 1–2 IV 2–1 V in S.
rounded dorsal fin and spiracle directed backwards of S. cabralensis), the presence of a tarsal fold and tarsal tubercles
montivagus can distinguish it from S. oreites and S. similis (tarsus smooth in S. cabralensis), a dorsal color pattern
(large size and bluntly rounded dorsal fin and spiracle characterized by an interorbital region with a fragmented
directed posterodorsally; Duellman and Wiens 1993; Alves and inverted brown trapezoid-shaped mark with notched
and Carvalho-e-Silva 1999). The cream body color, slightly posterior margin and by a weak and slender, dorsal, brown,
covered with gray-brown spots in preservative, and spiracle and inverted parenthesis-shaped mark on scapular region,
directed backwards of S. montivagus differentiates it from S. plus two fragmented brown longitudinal marks on sacral
elaeochrous (Cope 1875; body color dark mottling, with region (spotted-pattern coloration on the dorsum in S.
a dark stripe from snout through eye, and spiracle directed cabralensis; Drummond et al. 2007). Scinax montivagus can
posterodorsally; Savage 2002). The triangular body differ- also be distinguished from S. rupestris by the slender body
entiates the larvae of S. montivagus from that of S. rupestris (body moderately robust in S. rupestris; Araujo-Vieira et al.
(body ovoid; Araujo-Vieira et al. 2015). 2015), straight canthus rostralis (convex; Araujo-Vieira et al.
The single multipulsed note of the S. montivagus 2015), vocal sac with smooth texture (granulose texture;
advertisement call separates the new species from S. Araujo-Vieira et al. 2015), and dorsal color pattern
crospedospilus (5–7 notes; Heyer et al. 1990; Bilate and characterized by an interorbital region with a fragmented
Lack 2011), S. elaeochrous (2–95 notes; Duellman 1970), S. and inverted brown trapezoid-shaped mark with notched
eurydice (3 notes; Pombal et al. 1995a; Magrini et al. 2011), posterior margin and by a weak and slender, dorsal, brown,
 JUNCÁ ET AL.— A NEW SPECIES OF SCINAX 303

FIG. 2.—Holotype of Scinax montivagus sp. nov., Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) 6753, adult male. Dorsal (A) and lateral
(B) views of head, and ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D). Scale 5 0.5 mm.

and inverted parenthesis-shaped mark on scapular region, presence of nuptial pad covering almost the complete dorsal
plus two fragmented brown longitudinal marks on sacral surface of metacarpal I; relative lengths I , I I # IV , III;
region (dorsum characterized by scattered small round and disks of the fingers elliptical; webbing formula I absent II
irregular dark blotches in S. rupestris; Araujo-Vieira et al. reduced III absent IV; inner metacarpal tubercle single,
2015), a modal webbing formula (toes) of I 2+–2K II 1K–22 elliptical; outer metacarpal tubercle divided, the two parts
III 1 –3 IV 2K–1K V [vs. I (2–22)–(2–22) II (1–1–)–(2––2K) round; subarticular tubercles simple and round; supernumer-
III (1–12) – (2–2K) IV (2–1K)–1 V in S. rupestris]. ary tubercles round (Fig. 2C). Legs robust; relative toe lengths
Description of holotype.—Body slender (Fig. 1); spec- I , II , V , III , IV; toe disks elliptical, developed; webbing
imen medium-sized for the species (28.3 mm SVL); head formula I 2K–2K II 1K–22 III 1K–3 IV 2L–1K V; inner
longer than wide (HL/HW 1.06); snout round in dorsal view metatarsal tubercle of foot single, oval; outer metatarsal
and profile; nostril protruding and anterolaterally positioned; tubercle simple, round; subarticular tubercles single, round;
canthus rostralis marked and straight; loreal region concave; supernumerary tubercles single, round (Fig. 2D). Skin on
eyes protruded; tympanic ring visible, nearly circular; dorsum with scattered granules; gular region, under surfaces
supratympanic fold well-developed, from the posterior corner of arms and tibia smooth; tarsus with a longitudinal skin fold
of the eye to the shoulder, covering the upper border of the and a tubercle close to calcar; skin on venter and inferior
tympanic ring (Fig. 2A,B); vocal sac single, median, subgular, region of thigh granulated.
well developed, and does not reach the level of the pectoral Variation.—The morphology of the specimens in the type
fold (Figs. 1 and 2B); vocal slits laterally on mouth floor; series is very similar (Table 1). The nostrils of some paratypes
tongue elliptical, barely free behind and laterally; vomerine are situated upon a smaller elevation than in the holotype;
teeth disposed in two transverse series behind the choanae; a small variation exists in the number of supernumerary
choanae elliptical. Pectoral fold present, compound and barely tubercles. Webbing formulae among paratypes varies as
visible. Arm slender, forearm robust (Fig. 1); fingers slender, follows: I (2+–2 K) – (2–2K) II (1+–1L)–(2––2L) III (1K–
poorly fringed, absence of pigmented spicules on finger I; 1L)–(2K–3) IV (2K–32)–(2+–1K) V. Females are larger than
304 Herpetologica 71(4), 2015

TABLE 1.—Measurements (mm) of adult specimens of Scinax montivagus

sp. nov., from the Chapada Diamantina ecoregion, State of Bahia, northeastern
Brazil. Except for holotype, values are reported as mean 6 1 SD (minimum–
maximum). See Methods for descriptions of measurement acronyms.a

Measurements Holotype Males (n 5 41) Females (n 5 4)

SVL 28.3 28.0 6 1.1 (25.9–30.0) 30.1 6 1.5 (28.9–32.2)

HL 9.9 9.8 6 0.4 (9.0–10.7) 10.4 6 0.6 (9.8–11.0)
HW 9.3 8.9 6 0.4 (8.3–9.5) 9.5 6 0.5 (8.9–10.0)
ED 2.7 2.5 6 0.2 (2.2–2.9) 2.8 6 0.1 (2.7–2.9)
END 3.0 2.7 6 0.3 (1.5–3.2) 3.1 6 0.3 (2.7–3.4)
TD 1.4 1.4 6 0.1 (1.2–1.6) 1.5 6 0.2 (1.3–1.6)
UEW 2.6 2.2 6 0.2 (1.9–2.6) 2.3 6 0.3 (2.1–2.7)
IOD 3.6 3.1 6 0.3 (2.1–3.6) 3.4 6 0.2 (3.2–3.7)
IND 1.6 1.8 6 0.2 (1.0–3.3) 1.8 6 0.2 (1.6–2.1)
NSD 0.9 1.0 6 0.2 (0.7–1.9) 1.0 6 0.1 (0.9–1.1)
3FD 1.3 1.1 6 0.1 (0.9–1.4) 1.3 6 0.1 (1.2–1.3)
THL 12.8 12.8 6 0.6 (11.5–13.7) 13.5 6 1.1 (12.7–15.1)
TL 13.9 13.8 6 0.6 (12.5–15.0) 14.7 6 1.1 (13.8–16.3)
FL 19.1 18.7 6 0.9 (16.9–20.8) 19.9 6 1.1 (19.0–21.5)
4TD 1.3 1.2 6 0.1 (0.9–1.4) 1.3 6 0.1 (1.2–1.3)
a
SVL, snout–vent length; HL, head length; HW, head width; ED, eye diameter; END, eye–nostril
distance; TD, tympanum diameter; UEW, upper eyelid width; IOD, interorbital distance; IND,
internarial distance; NSD, nostril to tip of snout distance; 3FD, third finger disk diameter; THL, thigh
length; TL, tibia length; FL, foot length including tarsus; 4TD, fourth-toe disk diameter.
FIG. 4.—Dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views of the body and
detail of oral disc (D) of the larva of Scinax montivagus sp. nov. Scale 5
90% of the males; some fixed specimens (paratypes and 0.5 mm.
referred specimens) have a brown background color on the
dorsum and faded interorbital mark; some referred specimens
gray. In preservative, the pattern is the same, but the colors
have scapular and sacral stripes more marked than in
faded.
paratypes.
Etymology.—The specific epithet, a noun in apposition,
Coloration.—In life, background dorsal surfaces golden,
is derived from the sum of the Latin substantive “monti”
with upper eyelids and thighs marbled with green (a color
(English, “mountain”) and the Latin adjective “vagus”
version of Fig. 3 is available on line). Interorbital region with
(English, “errant”), alluding to the highland distribution of
a fragmented and inverted brown trapezoid-shaped mark
this new species.
with notched posterior margin. Dorsum with a weak and
Larva.—Body ovoid in dorsal view and triangular in
slender, dorsal, brown, and inverted parenthesis-shaped
lateral view (Fig. 4A,B), approximately as wide as high (BH/
mark on scapular region, plus two fragmented brown
BW 5 0.91–1.08); maximum body height approximately 90%
longitudinal marks on sacral region; a few brown blotches
of body length (BH/BL 5 0.50–0.73); body length approx-
scattered on dorsal surfaces, including forelimbs and
imately 35% of total length (BL/TL 0.30–0.48). Snout
hindlimbs. Supratympanic fold bordered by a dark-brown
tapered in lateral view and round in dorsal view. Nostrils
stripe. Inguinal region and posterior surface of thigh
dorsolateral, slightly closer to snout than to eyes (NS/NE 5
immaculate. Nuptial pad light colored. Ventral region cream,
0.60–0.98); opening round, diameter approximately 6% of
with chest, forelimbs, and hind limbs red. Iris grayish-red,
body width (N/BW 5 0.05–0.07). Nostril–snout distance
maculated by a fine dark-brown reticulated pattern, its
approximately 20% of body length (NS/BL 5 0.16–0.26).
medial region with a dark-brown bar and lower hemisphere
Eyes lateral, diameter approximately 30% of body width (E/
BW 5 0.27–0.32); interorbital distance approximately 59%

TABLE 2.—Measurements (mm) of tadpoles (n 5 13) of Scinax

montivagus sp. nov. in developmental stages 33–34 (Gosner 1960), from
the Chapada Diamantina ecoregion, State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil.

Measurement X̄ 6 1 SD Range

Total length 27.0 6 1.9 23.7–30.0

Body length 9.5 6 0.4 8.6–10.0
Maximum body height 6.3 6 0.5 5.6–7.0
Maximum body width 6.4 6 0.3 6.0–7.0
Tail length 19.9 6 2.2 13.7–21.2
Maximum tail height 7.0 6 0.6 6.0–8.2
Tail musculature height 3.7 6 0.4 3.2–4.4
Dorsal fin height 2.2 6 0.1 2.1–2.5
Ventral fin height 2.0 6 0.2 1.6–2.0
Interorbital distance 3.7 6 0.2 3.3–4.0
Eye diameter 1.9 6 0.1 1.8–2.0
Nostril diameter 0.4 6 0.05 0.3–0.4
FIG. 3.—Topotype of Scinax montivagus sp. nov., photographed in life Nostril–snout distance 2.0 6 0.3 1.4–2.3
(unvouchered specimen) by R.O. Abreu. A color version of this image is Nostril–eye distance 2.4 6 0.2 2.1–2.7
available on line. Oral disc width 3.3 6 0.3 2.7–3.6
 JUNCÁ ET AL.— A NEW SPECIES OF SCINAX 305

FIG. 5.—Power spectrum (A), audiospectrogram (B), and waveform (C) of the advertisement call of Scinax montivagus sp. nov., paratype Museu de
Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) 6359 (vouchered call Sonoteca da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana [SUEFS] 100.457), from
the Parque Estadual das Sete Passagens (type locality), Municipality of Miguel Calmon, State of Bahia, Brazil; recorded on 24 July 2006 by Milena
Camardelli. Air temperature 5 18uC; male vocalizing alone.

of body width (IO/BW 5 0.54–0.63). Spiracle short, sinistral, to the row of marginal papillae on the lateral portions of the
located at the middle third of the body length, below the disc in a single row on the posterior labium. Upper jaw
lateral midline. Vent tube dextral, above the ventral fin sheath widely keratinized, finely serrated. Middle lateral
margin. Tail moderate to large (TaL/TL 5 0.58–0.74), higher process. Lower jaw sheath V-shaped, widely keratinized,
than body height (BH/MTH 5 0.82–0.97). Tail musculature finely serrated. Labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1). Anterior
moderate (TMH/MTH 5 0.48–0.55). Maximum dorsal fin rows of teeth longer than the posterior rows. Third posterior
height equal to or greater than the maximum ventral fin tooth row reduced. Color in life: body and tail musculature
height (DFH/VFH 5 1.00–1.33). Dorsal fin slightly arched, yellowish cream slightly covered with gray-brown spots;
starting at posterior third of body, gradually ascending and spiracle transparent; fins translucent, slightly dotted dark
reaching maximum height at the middle third of the tail, brown and slightly stained yellow, with few small veins;
then decreasing. Ventral fin starting at the ventral end of venter wall translucent, slightly iridescent. Color in 10%
body, reaching maximum height at the posterior third of the formalin: body and tail musculature cream slightly covered
tail and then decreasing. Oral disc (Fig. 4A,C,D) sub- with gray-brown spots; spiracle transparent; fins translucent
terminal, not emarginated, trapezoidal, width equal to half slightly dotted dark brown, with scarce little veins; venter
the body width (ODW/BW 5 0.44–0.56; Table 2). wall translucent.
Marginal round papillae in a single row with a short dorsal Advertisement call.—The advertisement call of S.
gap. Submarginal papillae present, except in the middle montivagus from the type locality consists of a single note
region of the anterior labium, distributed irregularly adjacent composed of 9–15 pulses (x̄ 5 12.65 6 0.77 pulses, n 5 268
306 Herpetologica 71(4), 2015

FIG. 6.—Geographic distribution map of Scinax montivagus sp. nov. on a topographic map featuring the Chapada Diamantina Plateau, State of Bahia
(darker shading in inset map), Brazil.

calls; Fig. 5). The call duration ranges from 0.14 to 0.24 s project “Conservation and Sustainable Use of Brazilian
(x̄ 5 0.20 6 0.01 s, n 5 268 calls), note pulse rate from 53.42 Biological Biodiversity: Biodiversity and Conservation of
to 64.10 pulses/s (x̄ 5 60.60 6 1.55 pulses/s, n 5 268 calls) Chapada Diamantina.” The new species was identified in
and interval between calls from 0.70 to 6.86 s (x̄ 5 2.22 6 that study as Scinax sp. (ruber species group). The
0.95 s, n 5 249 intervals). Two main bandwidths (harmonics) Ecological Rapid Assessment study of the anuran community
are distinguishable in a call from the audiospectrogram and surveyed S. montivagus in the Caatinga, Cerrado, and
power spectrum. The lowest-pitched harmonic ranged from Campo Rupestre areas of the Chapada Diamantina (Juncá
0.8 to 2.7 kHz, and the highest-pitched harmonic from 3.0 to 2005).
5.6 kHz. Call dominant frequencies were observed always in Further data on S. montivagus, including a general
the lowest-pitched harmonic (fundamental frequency), from characterization of habitat features, were reported by Xavier
1.54 to 1.84 kHz (x̄ 5 1.70 6 0.06 kHz, n 5 268 calls). In and Napoli (2011) during a study of an anuran community of
each pulse of a note, the energy is more intense in its second the Chapada Diamantina ecoregion (in the Parque Estadual
or third quartile. Pulses are of similar sound intensity, except das Sete Passagens [PESP], Miguel Calmon Municipality,
for the first two pulses, which are always less intense, and the Bahia State, Brazil; 11u26’S, 40u33’W, 800–1300 m asl). The
last pulse, which can be less energetic than the immediately species was identified in that study as Scinax sp. 1 (ruber
preceding pulse. The advertisement call of S. montivagus species group) and was among the five most abundant and
from the Municipality of Mucugê, State of Bahia, Brazil, is widespread species of the PESP, occurring mainly near lotic
similar to that described for the type locality (11–19 pulses/ environments (75% of specimens registered). Out of 41
note, x̄ 5 14.16 6 1.65 pulses, n 5 69 calls; call duration recorded species, 36% were observed inhabiting the Campo
0.19–0.23 s, x̄ 5 0.22 6 0.02 s, n 5 69 calls; note pulse rate Rupestre area, which was mostly an open area (80%)
52.90–70.49 pulses/s, x̄ 5 63.61 6 4.27 pulses/s, n 5 69 calls; covered by montane rocky fields marked by sparse trees
interval between calls 0.51–19.26 s, x̄ 5 2.81 6 2.59 s, n 5 and shallow soil, and with a patch of semideciduous forest
64 intervals), but with dominant frequencies observed in (20% of area). In the Campo Rupestre area, S. montivagus
both bandwidths, in the lowest-pitched harmonic (1.72–1.90 was observed both in distant from (12% of specimens) and
kHz, x̄ 5 1.77 6 0.04 kHz, n 5 53 calls) or in the highest- adjacent to water bodies (24% of specimens). Individuals
pitched harmonic (3.79–4.35 kHz, x̄ 5 4.11 6 0.19 kHz, n 5 also occurred in semideciduous forest patches covered by
19 calls). dense vegetation with lotic water bodies (14% of specimens).
Distribution and natural history.—Known only from The remaining specimens (50%) were recorded in environ-
the Chapada Diamantina ecoregion, a regional designation ments characterized by a mix of features, including open
for the Serra do Espinhaço Range in the State of Bahia, areas (with herbaceous vegetation and bare rocks) and
Brazil (Fig. 6), mainly inhabiting rock fields. Specific data on riparian, not dense forests with an understory layer and
S. montivagus was reported by Juncá (2005) during the water bodies. Males of S. montivagus were observed calling
 JUNCÁ ET AL.— A NEW SPECIES OF SCINAX 307

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 JUNCÁ ET AL.— A NEW SPECIES OF SCINAX 309

Wied-Neuwied, M.A.P. 1821. Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 5762–5763), Itatiaia (CFBH 24146), Miguel Pereira (MNRJ 30703), Nova
1817, Volume 2. Henrich Ludwig Brönner, Frankfurt. Friburgo (CFBH 137–138), Parati (CFBH 1378, 5783, MNRJ 1463, 30691,
Wogel, H., P.A. Abrunhosa, and J.P. Pombal, Jr. 2000. Girinos de cinco 32710–32714, 53618), Petrópolis (MNRJ 3941–3943, 32836, 33699, 33700–
espécies de anuros do sudeste do Brasil (Amphibia: Hylidae, Leptodacty- 33702, 33705, 34142, 39572, 42498, 57577, 59500, 68667–68672; CFBH
lidae, Microhylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional 427:1–16. 10182–10186, 13933–139036 topotypes), Teresópolis (MNRJ 1221, 2097,
2451, 30975, 44590–44591, 50317–50320, 53933–53935, 53960, 54027;
CFBH 14032, 18819–18820). Santa Catarina: Barra Velha (CFBH 11002),
Accepted on 3 August 2015 São Bento do Sul (CFBH 10984–10985). São Paulo: Biritiba Mirim (CFBH
Associate Editor: Julian Faivovich 20872, 24214–24216), Campos do Jordão (CFBH 8316, 13648, 14736,
16230, 16242–16244), Cunha (CFBH 10713, 10729), Iguape (CFBH 816–
819, 19151–19153, 22357–22358), Ilhabela (CFBH 12319, 12334, 15238–
APPENDIX 15258), Itanhaém (CFBH 22127–22128, 26673), Itapecerica da Serra
(CFBH 1016–1018), Jundiaı́ (CFBH 753, 801, 1333, 14450), Mauá (CFBH
Specimens Examined
9548–9550), Natividade da Serra (CFBH 16615), Peruı́be (CFBH 23522–
Scinax auratus.—Brazil: Alagoas: Passo de Camaragibe (Museu Nacional, 23523), Piedade (CFBH 15997, 22268–22270, 22278), Santo Antônio do
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [MNRJ] 9853–9860), Rio Largo Pinhal (CFBH 7199–7200, 8309), Santos (CFBH 12266), São Luis do
(MNRJ 38552–38553), São Miguel dos Campos (MNRJ 36679–36680, Paraitinga (CFBH 5826, 7723–7724, 9486, 10767, 10784, 14882–14893), São
36732, 36745–36747). Bahia: Amargosa (Museu de Zoologia da Universi- Paulo (CFBH 10130–10131, 13569, 11179–11181), São Vicente (CFBH
dade Federal da Bahia [UFBA] 6481–6487), Cachoeira (UFBA 7582–7583), 24393), Suzano (CFBH 9424–9425), Ubatuba (MNRJ 28008, 335–336, 849,
Camaçari (UFBA 897–901), Candeias (MNRJ 48660–48662), Catu (MNRJ 1386, 1431–1434, 1684, 1712, 2184, 3916–3918, 3943–3944, 3966, 7786–
37924–37925), Conde (MNRJ 36297–36303), Entre Rios (UFBA 5970, 7787, 10454–10455, 11917, 12628, 12631, 12789–12801, 12846, 21944).
6138), Maracás (MNRJ 31991–31995, 35977–35999 topotypes), Mata de São Scinax maracaya.—Brazil: Minas Gerais: Alpinópolis (MNRJ 4119
João (UFBA 3004–3005, 4024–4025, 4074, 4324–4329, 4623–4624, 4917, holotype, MNRJ 61548 topotype, MZUSP 73696 paratype), São Roque de
4966–4969), Salvador (MNRJ 44647–44648, UFBA 6060). Pernambuco: Minas (MZUSP 59550).
Cabo de Santo Agostinho (MNRJ 54365), Moreno (MNRJ 57226–57233). Scinax pachycrus.—Brazil: Bahia: Caetité (MNRJ 25060–67), Feira de
Paraı́ba: Mamanguape (MNRJ 18051–18052, 18055–18058). Sergipe: Santana (MNRJ 47795–47798), Maracás (MNRJ 52481–86). Paraı́ba:
Itaporanga D’Ajuda (MNRJ 4683), Santa Luzia do Itanhy (MNRJ 17962, Boqueirão (MNRJ 32843–32844), Maturéia (MNRJ 54460). Pernambuco:
17966). Caruaru (MNRJ 38661–38665).
Scinax cabralensis.—Brazil: Minas Gerais: Joaquim Felı́cio (MNRJ 42883 Scinax perereca.—Brazil: Minas Gerais: Lima Duarte (MNRJ 44123).
holotype, 42884, 42887–42888 paratopotypes). Paraná: Guaratuba (CFBH 4213–4217), Jaguariaı́va (CFBH 24724), Tibagi
Scinax crospedospilus.—Brazil: Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia (Coleção “Adolpho (CFBH 24705). Rio de Janeiro: Resende (MNRJ 65153). Santa Catarina:
Lutz,” housed at the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Botuverá (CFBH 10961), Campos Novos (CFBH 24293–24294), Corupá
Janeiro [AL-MN] 654, 655, National Museum of Natural History,
(CFBH 4564), Florianópolis (CFBH 22464), São Bento do Sul (CFBH
Smithsonian Institution [USNM] 96927–96931, 96934 syntypes, MNRJ
3024–3025, 22001), Siderópolis (CFBH 23738), Treviso (CFBH 10332,
3800, 44651–44655, 44656–44660, 44670, 44671 topotypes), Teresópolis
1172–1173). São Paulo: Barra do Turvo (CFBH 6346), Campos do Jordão
(MNRJ 44672–44678).
(MNRJ 40076), Guapiara (CFBH 13452–13454), Guararapes (MNRJ
Scinax cuspidatus.—Brazil: Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro (AL-MN 299–
302, USNM 96139, 96147–96149, 96370 syntypes, MNRJ 27092–27099, 57127), Iguape (MNRJ 40003), Iporanga (CFBH 8282, 25623, 25694,
27100, 73332–73334, topotypes). 26720–26721, 26753, 26828–26829), Piedade (CFBH 23295), Pilar do Sul
Scinax eurydice.—Brazil: Bahia: Maracás (MNRJ 4050 paratype, MNRJ (CFBH 8350, 8928–8931), Ribeirão Branco (MNRJ 16601–16604 paratypes,
16021–16034, 22656–22660, UFBA 2360–3276, 2916–2918, 48669 topo- MNRJ 17648, 18226, 18705, 19378 topotypes; CFBH 1827–18237, 2141–
types), Feira de Santana (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de 2142, 2206–2207, 2335–2338, 2501, 6273–6274, 6837–6879, 8054–8055,
Feira de Santana, Divisão de Anfı́bios e Répteis [MZFS-DAR] 1743), Morro 9582, 13646, 13649 topotypes), Ribeirão Grande (CFBH 24247, 26870), São
do Chapéu (MZFS-DAR 1811–12, 1833). José do Barreiro (MNRJ 68982), Tapiraı́ (CFBH 16551, 23294), Ubatuba
Scinax fuscovarius.—Brazil: Mato Grosso: São Luiz de Cárceres (MNRJ (CFBH 13640–41).
229 lectotype of Hyla megapodia). Minas Gerais: João Pinheiro (MNRJ Scinax similis.—Brazil: Rio de Janeiro: Grussaı́ (MNRJ 35131–35160,
38834–38835), Juiz de Fora (AL-MN 76 holotype, USNM 96988, 96992– 47848), Mangaratiba (MNRJ 47848), Rio de Janeiro (Natural History
96994, 97001–97005 paratypes, MNRJ 34957–34960 topotypes). Museum, London [BMNH] 1961.1669–1961.1670, MNRJ 26918–26927,
Scinax hayii.—Brazil: Espı́rito Santo: Cariacica (Coleção “Célio Fernando 3756, 35681–35682, topotypes). São Paulo: Quiririm (MNRJ 35153–35157).
Baptista Haddad,” Universidade Estadual Paulista [CFBH] 23619–23622), Scinax x-signatus.—Brazil: Bahia: Jurubatiba (MNRJ 38334–38335),
Santa Teresa (CFBH 24796, 27089), Vargem Alta (CFBH 26967–26977). Maracás (MNRJ 22656–26560, 43842). Ceará: Itapajé (MNRJ 36595).
Minas Gerais: Camanducaia (CFBH 11203–11205), Cristina (CFBH 9889), Goiás: Aporé (MNRJ 40842–40844). Maranhão: São Luis (MNRJ 54653–
Poços de Caldas (CFBH 09–10). Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis (CFBH 54660). Minas Gerais: Catas Altas (MNRJ 44705–44706).