LESSON 1

Communication and its Basic Types

Overview

This lesson discusses communication and its various types of communication:

verbal and non-verbal, Verbal communication can be intrapersonal (self-talk),
interpersonal (dyadic), public (limited or numerous), and mass communication (through
technology). On the other hand, non-verbal communication can be done through the use
of non-verbal symbols such as gestures, eye movement, tone of voice, and the use of
space and touch.

Peace Concept: Develop intrapersonal peace

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, the students can:

Define communication;

Synthesize the meaning of communication through brainstormed ideas;

Express the meaning of communication creatively;

Discuss the verbal and non-verbal communication;

Demonstrate verbal and non-verbal cues of communication in a role play;

Describe yourself; and

Express and communicate accordingly.

Materials Needed: laptop, projector, chalk/marker, white/chalk board, papers

Duration: 90 minutes

Learning Content:

Communication

It is the process of sharing insights, feelings and more to one or more persons.

It is a mistake to believe that communication is a simple process. Although people

communicate with one another every day, the real question is whether the ideas
expressed are truly understood by other.

Effective communication can bridge peace, spark revolutions, and affect change in
government. However, to communicate properly, one must also learn to recognize one’s
thoughts, control one’s emotions, use one’s words to articulate concepts and
arguments, and express oneself in the best way possible.

Basic Communication Skills

Listening

Speaking

Reading

Writing

Viewing

Types of Communication

A. Verbal Communication is the use of symbols that have universal meanings and can
be classified as spoken or written.

Intrapersonal communication is a communication expressed through self-talk. This

involves personal thoughts and emotions. Feedback goes back to you.
Interpersonal communication is a communication between two people (dyadic) or a
small group of individuals (small group discussion). This allows speakers to discuss
topics of their interests.

Public communication is a communication that allows one person to speak in front of

an audience who is either limited or numerous. The speaker delivers a thematic
topic/message in a formal setting. Feedback from the audience may be available or not.

Mass communication is a communication done with the use of technology such as

social network/internet, television, radio, and newspaper. Through these channels, the
message is duplicated many times. The message must be checked carefully before
being disseminated to the public.

B. Non-verbal Communication is the use of non-verbal symbols such as gestures, eye

movements, tone of voice, and the use of space and touch. It needs to be repeated to
highlight the message accompanied by gestures. It regulates interactions since the
action may indicate who will be the speaker and the listener. It substitutes the absence
of words.

C. Formal Communication is the use of public speaking or mass communication, a

communication of both verbal and non-verbal messages. The language used is more
precise and the speaker is careful with grammar. A dress code, proper posture, and eye
contact are being taken in consideration.

D. Informal communication is the use of interpersonal and small group communication

where people can be at ease and be more comfortable. Less attention is given to
nonverbal cues like clothing, posture and eye contact.

Learning Activities:
A.

The class will brainstorm about “communication”, everybody is required t

to write a word/phrase related to the word in the center of the concept

map presented on the board.

After writing, each student would explain to the class why they write the word/phrase on
the board.

Then, the class will synthesize the ideas presented on the board.
B. Self-reflection through recitation

Learning Evaluation:

Answer each question below in one (2) sentences only. (5 pts. each item)

Why is communication important in our daily lives?

Why do you think communication skills are considered to be essential in a good citizen?

Organize an essay about yourself (Who are you five years from now)

References:

Books
Sygaco, S. (2018).Principles and Competencies in Purposive Communication. West
Avenue, Quezon City: Great Books Publishing

Web
http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/organzation-
management/5a-understanding-itd/effective-communication

http:.//www.promeng.eu/download/training-materials/ebooks/soft-skills/effective-
communication-skills..pdf
 Lesson 2

Communication Models

Overview

In this lesson, students will be exposed to the different ways of looking at

communication. It gives the students a good understanding of why communication
should be studied at the tertiary level, and the potential to help themselves transform
and their society. It also includes communication models that students can use in the
future, and may explain why communication tasks in the past have failed of succeeded.
It is a good introduction to the different processes, principles, and dimensions of
communication that students should be aware of when they start communicating in the
academe and the professional world.

Peace Concept: Exhibit different models of communication with peace

perspective.

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the discussion, the students can

Explain the communication models;

Perform scenario which represents serenity based on the communication models; and

Create a video presentation showing the existence of communication models in real-life

situation.

Materials Needed: laptop, projector

Duration: 90 minutes

Learning Content:

Even communication follows a certain pattern or model depending on the

occasions and on the intention of the people involved in the process. The following are
some of the communication models presented.

Aristotle’s Model of Communication

The earliest model comes from Aristotle at around 5 B.C. In the model, Aristotle
explains that speakers should adjust their messages according to their audience and
the occasion to achieve a particular effect. These components of speaker, speech,
occasions, audience, and effect should be considered when communicating one’s
message.

The Shannon- Weaver model was created by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
(Flores,2016). The sender would be the person giving the message, while the encoder
would be the transmitter which converts the message into signal. The decoder, on the
other hand, would be the reception place of the signal which converts signals into
message, which is why in modern parlance, when there is “no signal” there are difficulty
in decoding the message. The receiver would give feedback, which is usually phrased as
“choppy,’ when the message cannot be heard because of the signal. The messages are
transferred through the use of the channel; in the case of the telephone, the channel
would be cables, while in the case of the cell phone, the channel would be the radio
frequencies. This model can also be used in other situations, and can tell us how the
message mat sometimes get lost because of the noise, which can be physical or
psychological, and how feedback is an essential component of communication to
ensure that the message is successfully received.

When it comes to Schramm’s model of communication, there are two primary

models involved. The first one is built on the theories of Osgood, which is why this also
known as the Osgood-Schramm model.

In this model, pay attention to the role of the interpreter. Encoding and
decoding are not automatic processes both go through the filter of the interpreter.
Therefore, the message may succeed or fail, based on the interpreter’s appreciation of
the message. There are times when the sender and receiver may apply different
meanings to the same message, and this is termed “semantic noise”.

The second model, on the other hand, builds this theory about the interpreter
into the different fields of experience of the sender and the receiver. For the message to
reach the receiver there must be a common field of experience between the sender and
the receiver. Although the receiver might not fully appreciate all the nuances of the
message as there are parts of the sender’s experience that the receiver has no
knowledge of, the receiver may still understand the core meaning of the message.
According to Sneha Mishra (2017), this field of experiences may constitute “culture,
social background, beliefs, experiences, values, and rules.”

The last model is Eugene White’s stages or oral communication. According to White, it
is possible to begin at any of the stages outlined in this model. People are under the
mistaken impression that when we communicate, we usually start with thinking, but
that is not necessary the case. Since it is circular model, it means that oral
communication is a continuous process with no real beginning or end. The most
important contribution from Eugene White’s model is the concept of feedback, which
can only be processed by the speaker if he or she has been monitoring the audience or
the listener. Hence, the speaker must also pay attention to the listener’s verbal and non-
verbal cues (Flores, 2016).

Learning Activity:

Pair presentation of task. (Assigned model of communication)

The class will be grouped into (4) four groups.

Each group will illustrate the assigned model through a skit, which shows both
successful communication and failed communication.

The class will be given 20 minutes to do the task.

Their presentation will be rated with rubric.

Learning Evaluation: Restricted Essay

Directions: Answer the following questions into 2 to 3 sentences only.

Do you follow patterns in your daily chores?

How do you start your work in a day?

Do you finish your task with your intended purpose?

References:

Books
Uychoco, M. & Santos, M. (2018). Communication for Society Purposive Communication.
Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Web
http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/articles/cultural-sensitivity.html