14 Portal Method

CE 07 - Structural Theory
Portal Method
Engr. Saque J. Amilbahar

Instructor
All images are CTTO.

This material is a compilation.
For educational purposes only. 1
Flow of Topics
1. What is approximate analysis?

2. Analysis for Lateral Loads - Portal Method .
3. Procedure for Analysis
4. Examples
2
Approximate Analsys
1. Exact analysis - included force and displacement methods
a. involves computation of slopes and deflections
b. time consuming, simultaenous equations
c. based relative cross sections, moment of inertias
2. Approximate analysis (preliminary designs)

a. internal forces are estimated using assumptions
b. non need of computing deflections
c. can be used to estimate the sizes of various structural member
d. prior to 1960, majority of buildings are designed using
approximate analysis.
3
Portal Method
1. Developed by A. Smith in 1915
2. Appropriate for relatively low buildings
3. Uses the basic principle of a portal frame with fixed support.
4. The degree of indeterminacy of one portal frame is 3.
5. Thus 3 assumptions be made.
4
Portal frame with fixed support
One portal frame
5
Portal frame with fixed support
typical frames two frames side-by-side
6
Assumptions (portal method)
1. Inflection points are located at
the midpoints of the portal
frame members.
2. Internal hinges are inserted at

midpoints of the three frame
members to obtain statically
determinate frame.
3. On each story of the frame,

interior columns carry twice as
much shear as exterior columns.
7
Assumptions as sketched on analysis
8
Inflection point as sketched on analysis
9
Hinges as sketched on analysis
10
Procedure for Analysis
1. Draw a sketch of the frame showing internal hinges.
2. Determine columns shears for each columns. (inner is 2x outer)
a. Pass a horizontal section through all columns (top first)
b. Considering inners is 2x outer use ΣFx = 0 to find Sc.
3. Draw FBD of all members and joints showing external loads and
the column end shears computed from number 2.
4. Determine columns moments. Recall h/2 for inflection point.
Use:
5. Determine girder axial forces, moments, and shears. (from top to

bottom, and left to right)
a. To solve for girder axial force, and moments use ΣFx = 0 and ΣM = 0
b. To solve for girder shear use
11
Procedure for Analysis (continuation)
c. By applying equilibrium equations to the FBD of the girder, determine
the axial force, shear, and moment respectively at the right which is
equal and opposite in the left.
d. Compute all girders’ axial force, moments and shears from left toe
right.
6. Determine the column axial forces, from to top to bottom,
using ΣFy = 0.
7. Taking column axial forces at the bottom as reactions, perform
a check using equilibrium equations.
Remember, for every storey, calculate first shear and moment of columns,
CvmGamvCaR then axial, moment and shear of girders and then back to axial of columns
again, lasty compute the reactions.
12
Example 1
Determine the approximate axial forces, shears, and moments
for all the members of the frame show below.
13
Example 1 (continuation)
Solution:
Draw the simplified frame.
Compute Columns Shears (S)
At the lower ends of columns:
14
Now go to the upper
end of the columns:
Since:
Then:
Compute Column Moments (M)
Take note of the signs (why?)

15
Compute now the:
Girder Axial Forces (Q),
Girder Moments (M), and
Girder Shears (S)
Consider the upper leftmost Joint (D)
for shear consider left of girder DE.
16
Compute now for Columns Axial: Note: Columns and girders
are important here
Consider now the right most of Girder DE: not the joints. Joints
are considered only
Note of the naming (all in ED)
for easy computation
of forces and for
transfers.
17
Member End Forces
and Moments
Check your computations:
18
Example 2
Determine the reactions (approximate)
at the base of the columns of the frame
shown on the right.
This will be your practice

problem..
CvmGamvCaR
Remember, for every storey, calculate
first shear and moment of columns,
then axial, moment and shear of girders
and then back to axial of columns
again, lasty compute the reactions.
19
Solution:
Draw the simplified frame starting

from the top.
In solving the problem, first round

sketch for first round of calculations
will be considering the top diagram;
second round will be by
considerating he bottom diagram.
Take time to solve this problem.
sketch for second round of calculations 20

Answers:
(correct direction is indicated)
Ax = 12.5 kN
Ay = 15.625 kN
MA = 37.5 kN-m
Bx = 25.0 kN
By = 0.0 kN
MB = 75.0 kN-m
Cx = 12.5 kN
Cy = 15.625 kN
MC = 37.5 kN-m
21
All images are CTTO.
This material is a compilation.
For educational purposes only. 22

14 Portal Method

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

14 Portal Method

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

14 Portal Method

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CE 07 - Structural Theory

Engr. Saque J. Amilbahar

All images are CTTO.

1. What is approximate analysis?

2. Approximate analysis (preliminary designs)

2. Appropriate for relatively low buildings

3. Uses the basic principle of a portal frame with fixed support.

4. The degree of indeterminacy of one portal frame is 3.

5. Thus 3 assumptions be made.

One portal frame

typical frames two frames side-by-side

2. Internal hinges are inserted at

3. On each story of the frame,

5. Determine girder axial forces, moments, and shears. (from top to

Draw the simplified frame.

Compute Columns Shears (S)

At the lower ends of columns:

Compute Column Moments (M)

Take note of the signs (why?)

Consider the upper leftmost Joint (D)

for shear consider left of girder DE.

Check your computations:

This will be your practice

Draw the simplified frame starting

In solving the problem, first round

Take time to solve this problem.

sketch for second round of calculations 20

You might also like