Static Final

Java static keyword
The static keyword in Java is used for memory management mainly. We

can apply static keyword with variables, methods, blocks and nested
classes. The static keyword belongs to the class than an instance of the
class.
The static can be:
1. Variable (also known as a class variable)

2. Method (also known as a class method)
3. Block
4. Nested class
1) Java static variable

If you declare any variable as static, it is known as a static variable.
o The static variable can be used to refer to the common property of

all objects (which is not unique for each object), for example, the
company name of employees, college name of students, etc.
o The static variable gets memory only once in the class area at the
time of class loading.
Advantages of static variable
It makes your program memory efficient (i.e., it saves memory).
Understanding the problem without static variable
1. class Student{
2. int rollno;
3. String name;
4. String college="ITS";
5. }
Suppose there are 500 students in my college, now all instance data
members will get memory each time when the object is created. All
students have its unique rollno and name, so instance data member is
good in such case. Here, "college" refers to the common property of
all objects. If we make it static, this field will get the memory only once.
Java static property is shared to all objects.
Example of static variable
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of static variable

2. class Student{
3. int rollno;//instance variable
4. String name;
5. static String college ="ITS";//static variable
6. //constructor
7. Student(int r, String n){
8. rollno = r;
9. name = n;
10. }
11. //method to display the values
12. void display (){System.out.println(rollno+" "+name+"
"+college);}
13. }
14. //Test class to show the values of objects
15. public class TestStaticVariable1{
16. public static void main(String args[]){
17. Student s1 = new Student(111,"Karan");
18. Student s2 = new Student(222,"Aryan");
19. //we can change the college of all objects by the single line of
code
20. //Student.college="BBDIT";
21. s1.display();
22. s2.display();
23. }
24. }
Test it Now
Output:
111 Karan ITS

222 Aryan ITS
Program of the counter without static variable

In this example, we have created an instance variable named count which
is incremented in the constructor. Since instance variable gets the
memory at the time of object creation, each object will have the copy of
the instance variable. If it is incremented, it won't reflect other objects. So
each object will have the value 1 in the count variable.
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of an instance variable

2. //which get memory each time when we create an object of the clas
s.
3. class Counter{
4. int count=0;//will get memory each time when the instance is creat
ed
5.
6. Counter(){
7. count++;//incrementing value
8. System.out.println(count);
9. }
10.
12. //Creating objects
13. Counter c1=new Counter();
16. }
17. }
Test it Now
Output:
1
1
1
Program of counter by static variable

As we have mentioned above, static variable will get the memory only
once, if any object changes the value of the static variable, it will retain its
value.
1. //Java Program to illustrate the use of static variable which

2. //is shared with all objects.
3. class Counter2{
4. static int count=0;//will get memory only once and retain its value
5.
6. Counter2(){
7. count++;//incrementing the value of static variable
8. System.out.println(count);
9. }
10.
12. //creating objects
13. Counter2 c1=new Counter2();
16. }
17. }
Test it Now
Output:
1
2
3
2) Java static method

If you apply static keyword with any method, it is known as static method.
o A static method belongs to the class rather than the object of a

class.
o A static method can be invoked without the need for creating an
instance of a class.
o A static method can access static data member and can change the
value of it.
Example of static method
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of a static method.

2. class Student{
3. int rollno;
4. String name;
5. static String college = "ITS";
6. //static method to change the value of static variable
7. static void change(){
8. college = "BBDIT";
9. }
10. //constructor to initialize the variable
11. Student(int r, String n){
12. rollno = r;
13. name = n;
14. }
15. //method to display values
16. void display(){System.out.println(rollno+" "+name+"
"+college);}
17. }
18. //Test class to create and display the values of object
19. public class TestStaticMethod{
21. Student.change();//calling change method
22. //creating objects
23. Student s1 = new Student(111,"Karan");
24. Student s2 = new Student(222,"Aryan");
25. Student s3 = new Student(333,"Sonoo");
26. //calling display method
27. s1.display();
28. s2.display();
29. s3.display();
30. }
31. }
Test it Now
Output:111 Karan BBDIT
222 Aryan BBDIT
333 Sonoo BBDIT
Another example of a static method that performs a

normal calculation
1. //Java Program to get the cube of a given number using the static m
ethod
2.
3. class Calculate{
4. static int cube(int x){
5. return x*x*x;
6. }
7.
9. int result=Calculate.cube(5);
10. System.out.println(result);
11. }
12. }
Test it Now
Output:125
Restrictions for the static method
There are two main restrictions for the static method. They are:
1. The static method can not use non static data member or call non-
static method directly.
2. this and super cannot be used in static context.
1. class A{
2. int a=40;//non static
3.
5. System.out.println(a);
6. }
7. }
Test it Now
Output:Compile Time Error
Q) Why is the Java main method static?

Ans) It is because the object is not required to call a static method. If it
were a non-static method, JVM creates an object first then call main()
method that will lead the problem of extra memory allocation.
3) Java static block

o Is used to initialize the static data member.
o It is executed before the main method at the time of classloading.
Example of static block
1. class A2{
2. static{System.out.println("static block is invoked");}
4. System.out.println("Hello main");
5. }
6. }
Test it Now
Output:static block is invoked
Hello main
Q) Can we execute a program without main() method?
Ans) No, one of the ways was the static block, but it was possible till JDK
1.6. Since JDK 1.7, it is not possible to execute a Java class without
the main method.
1. class A3{
2. static{
3. System.out.println("static block is invoked");
4. System.exit(0);
5. }
6. }
Test it Now
Output:
static block is invoked
Since JDK 1.7 and above, output would be:
Error: Main method not found in class A3, please define the main method as:
public static void main(String[] args)
or a JavaFX application class must extend javafx.application.Application
Final Keyword In Java

The final keyword in java is used to restrict the user. The java final
keyword can be used in many context. Final can be:
1. variable
2. method
3. class
The final keyword can be applied with the variables, a final variable that
have no value it is called blank final variable or uninitialized final variable.
It can be initialized in the constructor only. The blank final variable can be
static also which will be initialized in the static block only. We will have
detailed learning of these. Let's first learn the basics of final keyword.
1) Java final variable

If you make any variable as final, you cannot change the value of final
variable(It will be constant).
Example of final variable

There is a final variable speedlimit, we are going to change the value of
this variable, but It can't be changed because final variable once assigned
a value can never be changed.
1. class Bike9{
2. final int speedlimit=90;//final variable
3. void run(){
4. speedlimit=400;
5. }
7. Bike9 obj=new Bike9();
8. obj.run();
9. }
10. }//end of class
Test it Now
2) Java final method

If you make any method as final, you cannot override it.
Example of final method
1. class Bike{
2. final void run(){System.out.println("running");}
3. }
4.
5. class Honda extends Bike{
6. void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 100kmph");}
7.
9. Honda honda= new Honda();
10. honda.run();
11. }
12. }
Test it Now
3) Java final class

If you make any class as final, you cannot extend it.
Example of final class
1. final class Bike{}

2.
3. class Honda1 extends Bike{
4. void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 100kmph");}
5.
7. Honda1 honda= new Honda1();
8. honda.run();
9. }
10. }
Test it Now
Q) Is final method inherited?

Ans) Yes, final method is inherited but you cannot override it. For
Example:
1. class Bike{
2. final void run(){System.out.println("running...");}
3. }
4. class Honda2 extends Bike{
6. new Honda2().run();
7. }
8. }
Test it Now
Output:running...
Q) What is blank or uninitialized final variable?

A final variable that is not initialized at the time of declaration is known as
blank final variable.
If you want to create a variable that is initialized at the time of creating

object and once initialized may not be changed, it is useful. For example
PAN CARD number of an employee.
It can be initialized only in constructor.
ADVERTISEMENT
Example of blank final variable

1. class Student{
2. int id;
3. String name;
4. final String PAN_CARD_NUMBER;
5. ...
6. }
Que) Can we initialize blank final variable?
Yes, but only in constructor. For example:
1. class Bike10{
2. final int speedlimit;//blank final variable
3.
4. Bike10(){
5. speedlimit=70;
6. System.out.println(speedlimit);
7. }
8.
10. new Bike10();
11. }
12. }
Test it Now
Output: 70
static blank final variable

A static final variable that is not initialized at the time of declaration is
known as static blank final variable. It can be initialized only in static
block.
Example of static blank final variable
1. class A{
2. static final int data;//static blank final variable
3. static{ data=50;}
5. System.out.println(A.data);
6. }
7. }
Q) What is final parameter?
If you declare any parameter as final, you cannot change the value of it.
1. class Bike11{
2. int cube(final int n){
3. n=n+2;//can't be changed as n is final
4. n*n*n;
5. }
7. Bike11 b=new Bike11();
8. b.cube(5);
9. }
10. }
Test it Now
Output: Compile Time Error
Q) Can we declare a constructor final?

No, because constructor is never inherited.

Static Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Static Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Static Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Java static keyword

The static keyword in Java is used for memory management mainly. We

The static can be:

1. Variable (also known as a class variable)

1) Java static variable

o The static variable can be used to refer to the common property of

Advantages of static variable

It makes your program memory efficient (i.e., it saves memory).

Understanding the problem without static variable

Java static property is shared to all objects.

Example of static variable

1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of static variable

111 Karan ITS

Program of the counter without static variable

1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of an instance variable

Program of counter by static variable

1. //Java Program to illustrate the use of static variable which

2) Java static method

o A static method belongs to the class rather than the object of a

Example of static method

1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of a static method.

Another example of a static method that performs a

Restrictions for the static method

Q) Why is the Java main method static?

3) Java static block

Example of static block

Q) Can we execute a program without main() method?

static block is invoked

Since JDK 1.7 and above, output would be:

Final Keyword In Java

1) Java final variable

Example of final variable

2) Java final method

Example of final method

3) Java final class

Example of final class

1. final class Bike{}

Q) Is final method inherited?

Q) What is blank or uninitialized final variable?

If you want to create a variable that is initialized at the time of creating

It can be initialized only in constructor.

Example of blank final variable

Que) Can we initialize blank final variable?

Yes, but only in constructor. For example:

static blank final variable

Example of static blank final variable

Q) What is final parameter?

Q) Can we declare a constructor final?

You might also like