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    Exit Exam Study Guide

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    Exit Exam Study Guide

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    Exit-Exam-Study-Guide

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    Exit Exam Study Guide

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    melakudafursa96
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Exit Exam Study Guide

    Students graduating with a Biomedical Sciences or Biotechnology degree should be able to:

    1. Differentiate eukaryotic from prokaryotic cells, Eubacteria from Archae, and know function
    of endospores, capsules, and flagella
    2. Differentiate gram positive from gram negative microorganisms with regard to cell wall
    differences and describe cell wall functions
    3. Describe how microorganisms grow (also phases of growth, generation time, numbers of
    generations, and binary fission) and their interactions/effects on the environment – how
    they respond and adapt their metabolic pathways depending on what energy sources are
    available
    4. Describe structure of major macromolecules, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids,
    carbohydrates, their function in living cells, the bonds linking their subunits, and their
    structure-function relationships
    5. Define important cell wall characteristics and functions
    6. Describe energy generating mechanisms in the chemoorganotrophs: oxidative
    phosphorylation (electron transport) and substrate level phosphorylation
    a. Fermentation and glycolysis (contrast electron acceptors)
    b. TCA or Krebb’s cycle in aerobic respiration
    7. Relate host-pathogen interactions and virulence:
    a. Contrast exo versus endotoxins
    b. Two aspects of virulence: invasiveness versus toxigenicity
    c. Host resistance versus virulence
    8. Differentiate humoral and cellular immune response
    9. Compare innate immunity with humoral and cellular immunity; describe and explain what
    is responsible for active humoral immunity (second exposure is enhanced)
    10. Describe the importance of self antigen expression for the immune system
    11. Describe the structure and functions of immunoglobulins, including antigen binding sites
    and roles in immunity
    12. Describe the interactions and functions of cells of the immune system, including T cell
    receptors, MHC, coreceptors, cytokines, etc.
    13. Define the characteristics of DNA
    14. Compare DNA and RNA as to structure and function
    15. Compare and contrast the steps to DNA replication, DNA transcription and regulation in
    prokaryotes and eukaryotes
    16. Describe the central dogma of molecular biology, i.e. DNA  RNA  Protein synthesis
    17. Describe molecular methods for DNA analysis, protein elucidation, and PCR
    18. Contrast steps in lytic cycle with the lysogenic cycle
    19. Important characteristics of antibiotics and mechanics to produce antibiotic resistance
    20. Describe the methods bacteria to use to transfer genetic information

    Updated August 2019

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