Teqstebi-B1 2

UNIT 1. WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
―Globalization‖ - certainly no word in recent memory has meant so many different things
todifferent people and has evoked as much emotion. Some see it as nirvana - a blessed state of
universal peace and prosperity - while others condemn it as a new kind of chaos.Historically
there were four main motives that drove people to leave the sanctuary of their family and
village: conquest (the desire to ensure security and extend political power), prosperity (The
search for a better life), proselytizing (spreading the word of their God and converting others to
their faith) and a more mundane but still powerful force-curiosity and wanderlust that seem
basic tu human nature.
Globalization has advantages and disadvantages
One of the disadvantages of globalization is unemployment in industrialized countries

because firms move their factories to places where they can get cheaper workers. Globalization
can lead to financial problems because countries finances depend on each other. As a result
some of the poorest countries in the world, may get even poorer. Their population is not
as educated as indeveloped countries and they don’t have the new technology that we do.
The anti-globalization group argues that certain groups of people who are deprived in terms
of resources are not currently capable of functioning within the increased competitive
pressure.
Globalization is deeply controversial. Proponents of globalization argue that it allows

poorcountries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living,
while opponents of globalization claim that the creation of an unfettered international free
market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense (ხარჯი)
of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people
culture
According to English Anthropologist Edward Taylor, culture is that complex whole which
includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of society.
Culture is something that a person learns from his family and surroundings and is not ingrained
in him from birth. It does not have any biological connection. Every society has a different
culture, where people share a specific language, traditions,behavior, perceptions and beliefs.
Culture gives them an identity which makes them uniqueand different from people of other
cultures. Culture affects every aspect of daily life - how we think and feel, how we learn and
teach, or what we consider to be beautiful or ugly
conflict
Unfortunately, conflict is an integral part of our life. Conflicts can be observed everywhere,
starting from misunderstandings in our families to the tension in the world. "Conflict" is a word
that causes discomfort, anger, frustration, sadness, and pain. Conflicts arise when people are
unhappy with how they are governed. The most common conflicts occur when a particular
group wants to be independent from a central government, or when their viewpoint isn't
represented in the government, or when the government oppresses them and doesn't respect
or meet their basic needs.
7.THE CONCEPT OF PROGRESS
Progress is a goal-relative concept. A goal may be accessible in the sense

that it can be reached in a finite number of steps in a finite time. A goal is
utopian if it cannot be reached or even approached. Progress can be defined
in terms of "coming closer and closer to the truth".
Progress is going to continue as long as modern technology and science keep

growing. Outcomes from progress can usually be foreseen as positive, but
negative aspects also might occur. Progress can help make path into the
future a better one to travel on. Over the years progress has improved the
world.
Generally, all aspects of progress have gone toward the betterment of the
world. Since the industrial revolution, technology has made our lives more
and more convenient
UNIT 8. WHAT IS DEMOCRACY ?
What do we mean when we talk about democracy? Each individual surely has his/her own
perception of what democracy means.The word ‗democracy‘ is a term that comes from Greek
and it is made up with two other words demos – people - and - kratein - to govern, to rule.
―Democracy‖ can then be literally translated by the following terms: Government of the People
or Government of the Majority. Democracy, as a State form, is to be distinguished from
monarchy, aristocracy and dictatorship. You may have already heard about the most common
definition of democracy: ―The government of the people, by the people and for the people‖
(Abraham Lincoln)? To put it another way we can say that a government comes from the
people; it is exercised by the people, and for the purpose of the people‘s own interests.
Freedom and democracy are often used interchangeably but the two are not synonymous.
Democracy is the institutionalization of freedom. Democracy is a means for the people to
choose their leaders and to hold their leaders
accountable for their policies and their conduct in office. The people decide who will
represent
them in parliament, and who will head the government at the national and local levels. They
do so by choosing between competing parties in regular, free and fair elections. citizens The
key role of citizens in a democracy is to participate in public life. Citizens have an obligation to
become informed about public issues, to watch carefully how their political leaders and
representatives use their powers, and to express their own opinions and interests.
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
The freedom to express our thoughts is an important part of our individual identity. When we
talk and write about our opinions we are contributing ideas and participating in society.
Freedom of expression is covered in article 19 of the United Nation‘s Universal Declaration of
Human Rights: ―Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; t

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UNIT 1. WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

Globalization has advantages and disadvantages

One of the disadvantages of globalization is unemployment in industrialized countries

Globalization is deeply controversial. Proponents of globalization argue that it allows

7.THE CONCEPT OF PROGRESS

Progress is a goal-relative concept. A goal may be accessible in the sense

Progress is going to continue as long as modern technology and science keep

UNIT 8. WHAT IS DEMOCRACY ?

Freedom of expression is covered in article 19 of the United Nation‘s Universal Declaration of

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