Final Trig Identities

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Trigonometric Identities

ˆ Cofunction
π  π 
⋄ sin − θ = cos θ ⋄ cos − θ = sin θ
 2π   π2 
⋄ sec − θ = csc θ ⋄ csc − θ = sec θ
2π  2
π 
⋄ tan − θ = cot θ ⋄ cot − θ = tan θ
2 2

ˆ Sum and Difference

⋄ sin(α ± β) = sin α cos β ± cos α sin β


⋄ cos(α ± β) = cos α cos β ∓ sin α sin β
tan α ± tan β
⋄ tan(α ± β) =
1 ∓ tan α tan β
ˆ Double Angle

⋄ sin(2θ) = 2 sin θ cos θ


⋄ cos(2θ) = cos2 θ − sin2 θ = 1 − 2 sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ − 1
2 tan θ
⋄ tan(2θ) =
1 − tan2 θ
ˆ Reduction of Power
1 − cos(2θ)
⋄ sin2 θ =
2
1 + cos(2θ)
⋄ cos2 θ =
2
ˆ Half-Angle
  r
θ 1 − cos θ
⋄ sin =±
2 2
  r
θ 1 + cos θ
⋄ cos =±
2 2
ˆ Law of Sines and Cosines
sin A sin B sin C
⋄ = =
a b c
⋄ c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C

ˆ Area of a Triangle
1
⋄ Area = ab sin C
2
p
⋄ Area = S(S − a)(S − b)(S − c)
a+b+c
where S =
2

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