Sistemas de Exitacion 01

o Pressure Sensors
 Compressor Motor control
o Fixed Speed – Use a Motor Starter to control the Compressor
o Variable Speed – Use a Variable Speed Drive (VFD) to control the Compressor
A Compressor Control Panel has to give an Operator the ability to turn the power on and off,
control the process, and monitor the process and status of all alarms as needed.
 Power
o Main Power Disconnect
 Control
o System Off-On Selector, and / or
o Manual-Off-Auto Selector, if used
o Speed Adjustment, if used
o Level or Pressure Setpoint
 Monitor
o Running Status light, and
o Alarm Status lights, and
o Level or Pressure
What is an Excitation System?
Excitation systems are fundamental to the operation of modern synchronous machines. In this
article, we introduce the basic concepts in layman’s terms.
CONTACT AN EXPERTFREE EXCITATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
WHAT IS AN EXCITATION SYSTEM?
INTRODUCTION
1. BASIC FUNCTION
The basic function of an excitation system is to provide a continuous (DC) current to the field
winding of a synchronous machine. This is achieved through the use of closed-loop control (or
feedback control). Modern excitation systems also include diagnostics functions to simplify
troubleshooting, communication protocols for SCADA integration, and limiter / protection
functions to ensure that the synchronous machine is operated within its capability curve.
2. OBJECTIVE
The objective of an excitation system depends on the application:
 For synchronous generators, it is responsible for maintaining a constant terminal

voltage.
 For synchronous motors, it is responsible for maintaining a constant power factor.
3. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The synchronous machine, which consists of a rotor and stator, produces AC currents using the
principle of electromagnetic induction. The DC current passing through the field winding of the
rotor produces a static magnetic field. As the rotor is rotated by the prime mover (such as a
hydro or steam turbine), the magnetic field is also rotated. Since the rotor is contained within
the stator, the rotating magnetic field creates a varying magnetic flux as it intersects the stator
windings. This varying magnetic flux induces AC currents in the stator windings of the
synchronous machine. An excitation system is necessary since, without excitation current, the
machine operates without field current and consequently, no voltage is generated (induced) in
the stator windings of the machine.
EXCITATION SYSTEM CONCEPTS
1. CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
Excitation systems use closed-loop or feedback control to regulate the machine’s output. In
closed-loop control, the machine output is routed back to the controller and compared to a
setpoint, and the error between the setpoint and output is used to compute the system
response. The controller is typically modeled as a PID, PI or lead-lag controller.
The Reivax control loop is compatible with the ST4C model defined in IEEE 421.5. A simplified
version of this control loop is shown on the Reivax HMI screen:
The tuning parameters associated with the control loop can easily be modified directly from
the HMI. Three (3) sets of tuning parameters, allows for tailoring the optimal response for
when a generator is not connected to the grid and for grid-connected mode depending if the
Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is active or not :
A sample diagram of the full control loop is shown below:
2. LIMITERS AND PROTECTIONS
Modern excitation systems are responsible for protecting the synchronous machine, the
excitation system itself, and other devices. Limiters (OEL, UEL, VHz, SCL) and protections (24,
27, 32, 37F, 40/32Q, 50/51, 59, 59F, 76F, 81O/U) are software features designed to limit the
machine operation in undesirable conditions, and are implemented as add-ons to the AVR
control loop. Limiters will ensure that the machine is operated within the machines capability
at all times, while the protection functions will protect the machine by initiating a trip. The
excitation protective functions are typically duplicated in a separate unit protection relay. It is
possible to disable the excitation protective functions and only rely on the unit protective relay

Sistemas de Exitacion 01

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sistemas de Exitacion 01

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sistemas de Exitacion 01

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

o Pressure Sensors

 Compressor Motor control

o Fixed Speed – Use a Motor Starter to control the Compressor

o Main Power Disconnect

o System Off-On Selector, and / or

o Manual-Off-Auto Selector, if used

o Speed Adjustment, if used

o Level or Pressure Setpoint

o Running Status light, and

o Alarm Status lights, and

CONTACT AN EXPERTFREE EXCITATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

WHAT IS AN EXCITATION SYSTEM?

The objective of an excitation system depends on the application:

 For synchronous generators, it is responsible for maintaining a constant terminal

EXCITATION SYSTEM CONCEPTS

1. CLOSED LOOP CONTROL

2. LIMITERS AND PROTECTIONS

You might also like