``Senior Two Biology Quiz - Homeostasis

Name：_______________________( ) Senior Two Science ( )

Multiple Choice Question (19%)

Please select the best-fit answer and write them down on your answer paper.

1. The diagram shows the longitudinal section of the

human skin. Which labeled parts in the diagram are
involved in the regulation of temperature in a cold
environment?

A. P and R
B. P and S
C. Q and R
D. Q and S
少人答对，多数倾向C。题目问冷环境，汗腺在冷环
境的时候无作为。S皮肤血管在冷环境的时候会收
缩、关闭。

2. The concentration of a particular substance is 0.02gdm⁻³ in the Bowman's capsule of a nephron.

While the concentration of the same substance is 0.0002gdm⁻³ in the collecting duct. What causes the
change in the concentration?
A. It is converted to uric acid.
B. It is used up by the renal tubule.
C. It is partially reabsorbed in the renal tubule.
D. It partially remains in the Bowman's capsule.

3. What would be the changes in a boy's oxygen consumption and enzyme activity when the
temperature of his surroundings dropped from 33°c to 16°c?
A. Oxygen consumption decreases while enzyme activity increases.
B. Oxygen consumption increases while enzyme activity decreases.
C. Oxygen consumption increases while enzyme activity remains unchanged.
D. Oxygen consumption remains unchanged while enzyme activity decreases.
少人答对，增加氧气消耗为了补充流失给外界的体温。保持体温为了让酶可以在正常环境下操
作。所以氧气消耗增加，酶促反应维持。

4. The figure shows a Bowman’s capsule and tubule,

In which part has the least concentration of
glucose?

A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S

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5. Which two of the labeled parts (P, Q, R, S, or T) in
the figure control the secretion of the antidiuretic
hormone?

A. P and Q
B. Q and T
C. R and S
D. S and T

6. As shown in the figure, the blood passes through selectively permeable tubes bathed in fluid X in the
dialyzer. The composition of Fluid X needs to resemble which of the following body fluid for the
dialyser to function as a kidney?

A. Lymphatic fluid B. Glomerular filtrate

C. Serum from the blood of renal vein D. Serum from the blood or renal artery

7. The diagram shows the longitudinal section of the human

kidney. What is P?

A. Pelvis
B. Cortex
C. Medulla
D. Renal artery

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8. Diagram illustrates the water reabsorption process in the descending loop of Henle. If the rate of
water reabsorption in this region increases, what is the most probable cause?

A. The cells in the loop of Henle transport more water out of the tubules through active transport.
B. The level of ADH in the blood increases, causing the tubules to become more permeable to water.
C. The physical pressure within the loop of Henle increases, forcing more water to squeeze through
the tubules.
D. The cells in the tubules transport more NaCl out of the tubules through active transport, hence
increasing the concentration gradient of the cell.

9. The figure shows the course of regulatory actions involved in

human thermoregulation. What could action X be?

A. Sweating
B. Vasodilation
C. Lowering of metabolic rate
D. Contraction of hair erector muscles

10. Where is the regulatory center for the body temperature located
in the human body?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Pituitary gland
C. Cerebral cortex
D. Medulla oblongata

11. In a 20℃ temperature environment, the heat-producing rate of a person is X1 while the
heat-dissipating rate （散热率）of the person is Y1. When the person goes to a 0℃ temperature

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 environment, her heat-producing rate becomes X2 and her heat-dissipating rate Y2. Which of the
following comparisons most likely confirms the concept of homeostasis?
A. X1 = Y1 and X2 = Y2 B. X1 > Y1 and X2 < Y2
C. X1 < Y1 and X2 > Y2 D. X2 < X1 and Y1 < Y2

12. The same amount of glucose was administered orally to two people with the same body weight.
However one of the two was suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes (Q) while the other was a
normal healthy person (P). Which of the following graph most appropriately shows the changes in
insulin concentration in the blood of two men?

A. B.

C. D.

13. The figure shows the schematic of the breakdown of hemoglobin. Material X is the final product of
this process. What is material X?

A. Iron B. Urea C. Uric acid D. Nitrogen dioxide

14. In the movie “Life of Pi”, Pi was drifting on the sea for a long period after a shipwreck. Which of the
following correctly describes Pi’s body condition regarding his osmoregulation after drifting on the
sea for several days?

A. Osmotic pressure of plasma raises and secretion of ADH

increases.
B. Osmotic pressure of plasma raises and secretion of ADH
decreases.
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 C. Osmotic pressure of plasma lowers and secretion of ADH increases.
D. Osmotic pressure of plasma lowers and secretion of ADH decreases.

15. The diagram shows the changes in the concentration of substance X in the filtrate of the nephron
tubule during the urine formation of a healthy person. Which of the following substances is most
probably the substance X?

A. Urea B. Protein C. Glucose D. Sodium ions

16. The diagram shows a nephron. Which of the

following comparisons regarding the
concentration of substances in the fluid of parts
P, Q, R, and S is correct?

A. Concentration of urea: Q > P

B. Concentration of water: P = R
C. Concentration of glucose: S = Q
D. Concentration of sodium ion: R > S

17. The diagram shows the response of skin in a cold environment.

What happens if structure X is shaved?

A. Erector muscle cannot contract

B. Sweat gland becomes more active
C. More heat is lost to the environment
D. More blood is supplied to the skin surface

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18. The diagram shows a nephron. What process occurs at X?

A. Osmosis
B. Secretion
C. Reabsorption
D. Ultrafiltration

19. The figure shows the mechanism of osmoregulation in the human body. What are P, Q, and R?

A. P: ADH; Q: thirst center; R: renal tubule

B. P: ADH; Q: renal tubule; R: thirst center
C. P: thirst center; Q: ADH; R: renal tubule
D. P: thirst center; Q: renal tubule; R: ADH

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1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A
6.C 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.A
11.A 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.D
16.D 17.C 18.D 19.C

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Structured Questions (24%)
Answer all the questions as instructed, remember to state the question number clearly. Please
write down your answers on the answer sheet.

Question 1 (10%)
A student is trying to study the relationship between the amount of water intake and urine output. She used 6
days to run the experiment. Each day, she begins the day by urinating completely before drinking different
amounts of water, as shown in the table below. Three hours after she drank the water, she urinated into a
urine collecting cup to measure the urine volume. The data she collected is recorded in the table below.
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6

Water intake (ml) 50 100 150 200 250 300

Urine output (ml) 40 66 82 99 100 102
Answer the following question with reference to the experiment above.
1.1. State a problem statement for this experiment. (1%)
How would the amount of water intake affect the urine output?
其他任何合理答案皆可，惟要疑问句
疑问句定义：前为5W why where when who how，后为问号。
1.2. State the hypothesis for this experiment. (2%)
When the water intake of a person increases, the urine output will
increase too.
题目里面已经把manipulated和responding放在table里面了。

When manipulated variable increases, responding variable will decrease.

1.3. State the manipulated variable of the hypothesis. (1%)
water intake
1.4. State the responding variable of the hypothesis. (1%)
urine output
1.5. State one constant variable in this experiment. (1%)
urinating completely before drinking water
urinate after 3 hours of drinking
Experiment on the same student
1.6. Compare the ADH concentration of this student between Day 1 and Day 6. (1%)
The ADH concentration of this student on Day 1 is higher than Day 6.
或者 Day 6 lower than Day 1
1.7. Apart from urination, state two normal ways that water is lost from the body. (2%)
sweating or evaporation 这两个答案意义一样，一起出现计一分
secrete tear, crying
Respiration. breathing out
drooling

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Question 2 (8%)
The diagram shows the changes in the concentration of blood sugar and the concentration of a hormone in
the blood over a period of time for a healthy person and a diabetic patient after drinking a certain amount of
glucose solution. Answer the following questions with reference to the diagram.

2.1. Which curve (I ⬤ or II ◆) in Diagram P represents the changes in the concentration of blood sugar
in a healthy person? Give your reason. (1%+2%)
curve II represents the blood sugar of a healthy person 1%

Curve II shows that blood sugar stays around 100mg per 100ml level which
is the normal blood sugar level of a healthy person.
Curve II shows the blood sugar remains homeostatic around 100mg per
100ml level.
Curve I shows that the blood sugar concentration remains very high
throughout, which is not the blood sugar level of a healthy person.
或其他合理解释，1项1分。
2.2. Diagram Q represents the concentration of hormone in the blood of a healthy person ★ and a
diabetic patient ■. Name the hormone. (1%)
Insulin
2.3. Using data, deduce what kind of Diabetes Mellitus is this patient suffering from (Type I or Type II)
and explain your answer. (1%+2%)
Type I 1%

The insulin concentration remains very low, the patient is unable to

produce and secrete enough insulin
Type I diabetes patients do not have enough beta cells to produce and
secrete sufficient insulin.

1分形容患者的胰岛素一直很少，或者无法分泌足够胰岛素
1分道出type I糖尿病是没有足够beta cell生产足够胰岛素
2.4. Suggest suitable treatment for the diabetic patient in diagram Q. (1%)

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insulin injection
pancreas transplant

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Question 3 (12%)
The diagram is a schematic representation of a nephron. Compositions of the solutions in three parts of the
nephron are shown in the table.

Content (gL⁻¹) Fluid A Fluid B Fluid C

Material X 1.00 0 1.00

Protein 0 0 80

Urea 0.30 18.00 0.30

1. Fluids A, B, and C belong to which part of the nephron (P, Q, and R). Explain your answers. (6%)
这题应该是PQRS，出错题目，不算分，这题作废

2. Name the Substance X. (1%)

glucose or amino acids

3. Which of the solutions shown in the table contains the highest concentration of sodium ions? Explain
the factor which causes the high concentration of sodium ions in the solution. (3%)
Fluid A has the highest concentration of sodium ions. 1%

另外2分是讲sodium怎样在不同部分被吸收
Sodium ions are 1%
● selectively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule,
● actively transport out of ascending limb of the loop of Henle,
● actively transport out of collecting duct
● most sodiums are pushed through by ultrafiltration at Q

4. Explain how ADH regulates the absorption and reabsorption of water. (2%)
ADH acts on the distal convoluted tubule (½%) and collecting duct (½%).
With ADH present, the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
become more permeable to water. (1%)

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