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Grade 12 Diploma Examination

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Copyright 1999, the Crown in Right of Alberta, as represented by the Minister of Learning, Alberta Learning, Student Evaluation Branch, 11160 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5K 0L2. All rights reserved. Additional copies may be purchased from the Learning Resources Distributing Centre. Special permission is granted to Alberta educators only to reproduce, for educational purposes and on a non-profit basis, parts of this examination that do not contain excerpted material only after the administration of this examination. Excerpted material in this examination shall not be reproduced without the written permission of the original publisher (see credits page, where applicable).

June 1999

Physics 30
Grade 12 Diploma Examination Description
Time: 2.5 h. This examination was developed to be completed in 2.5 h; however, you may take an additional 0.5 h to complete the examination. This is a closed-book examination consisting of 37 multiple-choice and 12 numericalresponse questions, of equal value, worth 70% of the examination 2 written-response questions, of equal value, worth a total of 30% of the examination This examination contains sets of related questions. A set of questions may contain multiple-choice and/or numerical-response and/or written-response questions. A tear-out Physics Data Sheet is included near the back of this booklet. A Periodic Table of the Elements is also provided. Note: The perforated pages at the back of this booklet may be torn out and used for your rough work. No marks will be given for work done on the tearout pages.

Instructions
You are expected to provide your own scientific calculator. Use only an HB pencil for the machine-scored answer sheet. Fill in the information required on the answer sheet and the examination booklet as directed by the presiding examiner. Read each question carefully. Consider all numbers used in the examination to be the result of a measurement or observation. When performing calculations, use the values of constants provided on the tear-out sheet. Do not use the values programmed in your calculator. If you wish to change an answer, erase all traces of your first answer. Do not fold the answer sheet. The presiding examiner will collect your answer sheet and examination booklet and send them to Alberta Learning. Now turn this page and read the detailed instructions for answering machine-scored and written-response questions.

Multiple Choice
Decide which of the choices best completes the statement or answers the question. Locate that question number on the separate answer sheet provided and fill in the circle that corresponds to your choice. Example This examination is for the subject of A. B. C. D. science physics biology chemistry Examples Calculation Question and Solution
If a 121 N force is applied to a 77.7 kg mass at rest on a frictionless surface, the acceleration of the mass will be 2 _________ m/s . (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) F a= m 121 N 2 . a = 77.7 kg = 15572716 m/s

Record 1.56 on the answer sheet

1 .56
. .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2

Answer Sheet
A B C D

3 4 5 6 7

Numerical Response
Record your answer on the answer sheet provided by writing it in the boxes and then filling in the corresponding circles. If an answer is a value between 0 and 1 (e.g., 0.25), then be sure to record the 0 before the decimal place. Enter the first digit of your answer in the left-hand box and leave any unused boxes blank.

8 9

Calculation Question and Solution

A microwave of wavelength 16 cm has a frequency, expressed in scientific notation, w of b 10 Hz. The value of b is _______ . (Record your two-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) c f = f = . 300 10 m/s 9 . = 1875 10 Hz . 016 m
8

Record 1.9 on the answer sheet

1 .9
. .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

ii

Written Response
Correct-Order Question and Solution
When the following subjects are arranged in alphabetical order, the order is ____, ____, ____, and ____ . 1 2 3 4 physics biology science chemistry

Write your answers in the examination booklet as neatly as possible. For full marks, your answers must address all aspects of the question. Descriptions and/or explanations of concepts must be correct and include pertinent ideas, diagrams, calculations, and formulas. Your answers must be presented in a well-organized manner using complete sentences, correct units, and significant digits where appropriate. Relevant scientific, technological, and/or societal concepts and examples must be identified and made explicit.

(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) Answer: 2413

Record 2413 on the answer sheet

2413
. .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Scientific Notation Question and Solution

The charge on an electron is a.b 10 C. The values of a, b, c, and d are ____, ____, ____, and ____ .
cd

(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) Answer: q = 1.6 10
19

Record 1619 on the answer sheet

1619
. .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

iii

1.

Which of the following quantities are scalar quantities? A. B. C. D. Kinetic energy and potential energy Kinetic energy and momentum Potential energy and force Momentum and force

Use the following information to answer the next two questions. A full draw is the maximum distance that an archer can pull back an arrow. Using the recurve bow shown below, a particular archer requires an average force of 130 N to pull a full draw of 70.0 cm.

Arrow

String

Arrow

String

30.0 cm

100.0 cm

2.

The maximum speed of a 20.6 g arrow leaving this bow from a full draw is A. B. C. D. 66.5 m/s 94.0 m/s 4.42 103 m/s 8.83 103 m/s

Use your recorded answer for Multiple Choice 2 to answer Numerical Response 1.* Numerical Response
1.

When the archer releases the arrow from a full draw, the magnitude of the impulse that the bow gives to the arrow is __________ N.s.

(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) *You can receive marks for this question even if the previous question was answered incorrectly.

Use the following information to answer the next question. Electric Field Lines Near Two Charged Spheres

3.

The types of charge present on X and Y are, respectively, A. B. C. D. negative and negative negative and positive positive and negative positive and positive

Use the following information to answer the next four questions. Charles Augustin de Coulomb performed a series of investigations on the quantitative nature of electrical forces. He was able to determine the effect of both distance and magnitude of charge on the electrostatic force between two charged metal spheres. 4. In order to determine the relationship between force and distance, Coulomb needed to A. B. C. D. keep the magnitude of one charge constant keep the magnitude of both charges constant keep the distance between the charges constant vary the magnitude of one charge while varying distance between the charges

5.

Which of the following graphs represents the relationship that Coulomb determined between force and the distance between two charged metal spheres?
A. B.

C.

D.

F F

6.

Coulomb started with two identically charged spheres separated by a distance r. 2 The force between the spheres was F. If he changed the separation to r , then 3 the force between the spheres would have become A. B. C. D. 4 F 9 2 F 3 3 F 2 9 F 4

7.

Coulomb again separated the identically charged spheres by distance r. The force between the spheres was F. Coulomb touched one of the spheres with a third, identical neutral sphere. The third sphere was then moved far away from the other spheres. If he then measured the force between the original spheres, the new force between the spheres would have been A. B. C. D. 1 F 2 1 F 4 2F 4F

8.

A point charge of magnitude 6.9 105 C produces an electric field of 1.0 103 N/C at point P. The distance from P to the charge is A. B. C. D. 4.3 102 m 2.1 101 m 2.5 101 m 6.2 102 m

9.

During a lightning strike, 30 C of charge may move through a potential difference of 1.0 108 V in 2.0 102 s. The total energy released by this lightning bolt is A. B. C. D. 3.0 109 J 6.0 107 J 3.3 106 J 1.5 103 J

Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) are used for television and computer screens. They are set up as shown below.
Vacuum

Cathode

Anode Phosphor-coated screen

Deflection coils

Electrons are boiled off the surface of the cathode and are accelerated toward the anode. The cathode is 4.5 cm from the anode. A potential difference of 2.5 103 V exists between the cathode and the anode. The electrons are deflected both side to side and up and down by pairs of magnetic deflection coils mounted on the neck of the tube. 10. An electron hits the screen at a speed of A. B. C. D. 1.0 107 m/s 1.5 107 m/s 3.0 107 m/s 8.8 1014 m/s

Use the following additional information to answer the next question. An electron is travelling perpendicular to the magnetic deflection coils, into the page, as shown below.
Top of screen Deflection coils

1 4

11.

The coils that can produce a deflection toward the top of the screen are numbered A. B. C. D. 1 2 1 3 and and and and 3 4 2 4

Use the following information to answer the next question. A student places a positively charged sphere near a metal rod. Both are on insulated stands and the rod is grounded.
+ + + + X Y

12.

The distribution of charge on the rod is A. B. C. D. positive at end X and electrons move off the rod into the ground negative at end X and electrons move off the rod into the ground positive at end X and electrons move onto the rod from the ground negative at end X and electrons move onto the rod from the ground

Use the following information to answer the next question. Force as a Function of Electric Field Strength

Electrostatic force

Electric field strength

13.

The slope of the graph represents A. B. C. D. Coulombs Law the distance between two parallel charged plates the magnitude of the charge on a particle in an electric field the potential difference between two points in an electric field

14.

A photon exhibits properties of a particle because it has A. B. C. D. mass momentum a constant speed a fixed frequency

Numerical Response
2.

Two microwave transmissions are sent at the same time on different routes to a receiving station. One route is 2 480 km longer than the other. The expected time between receiving the first transmission and receiving the second transmission, expressed in scientific notation, is b 10w s. The value of b is __________.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

15.

An automobiles battery delivers a steady DC current to a headlight. The electric current in the wire produces a circular A. B. C. D. electric field around the wire magnetic field around the wire gravitational field around the wire electromagnetic field around the wire

Numerical Response
3.

A wire that is 75.0 cm long carries a current of 6.00 A. The wire is at right angles to a uniform magnetic field and experiences a magnetic force of 0.350 N. The magnitude of the magnetic field, expressed in scientific notation, is b 10w T. The value of b is __________.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

16.

The effective voltage of an AC household outlet is 117 V. The maximum voltage across a lamp connected to the outlet is A. B. C. D. 82.7 V 117 V 165 V 330 V

17.

Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum listed in order from largest to smallest wavelength are A. B. C. D. X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio X-ray, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, radio radio, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, X-ray radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray

18.

Electromagnetic radiation is produced by charged particles that are moving A. B. C. D. at the speed of light with zero acceleration with a changing velocity parallel to a fixed magnetic field

Use the following information to answer the next question. In an automobile battery charger, 110 V of household voltage is converted to 14 V DC. The efficiency of the charger is 75%.
110 V AC Battery + + charger

Uncharged battery

19.

The initial direct current supplied to an uncharged battery by 0.70 A of household current is A. B. C. D. 6.7 102 A 8.9 102 A 4.1 A 5.5 A

20.

In a certain experiment, the speed of a charged particle is made to increase as it moves at right angles to a uniform magnetic field. A graph that represents the relationship between magnetic force and speed is

A.

B.

Fm

Fm

C.

D.

Fm

Fm

Use the following information to answer the next question. In 1991, the 18.0 GHz region of the electromagnetic spectrum was used to provide communication links in local area networks (LANs). This led to a dramatic expansion of this regions commercial use.

Numerical Response
4.

The wavelength of an 18.0 GHz wave, expressed in scientific notation, is b 10w m. The value of b is __________.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

10

Use the following information to answer the next question. Electrons move through a wire as shown below.
P e

21.

What is the direction of the magnetic field at point P? A. B. C. D. Into the page Out of the page Toward the top of the page Toward the bottom of the page

Use the following information to answer the next question.

22.0

A radar pulse projected at an angle of elevation of 22.0 is reflected from an aircraft and returned. (Note: The diagram is not drawn to scale. The height of the radar transmitter/receiver can be ignored.)

Numerical Response
5.

If the pulse takes 1.28 104 s to make the round trip, then the vertical height of the aircraft is __________ km.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

11

Use the following information to answer the next three questions. A proton with an energy of 894 eV travels perpendicular to a magnetic field and moves in a circular path with a radius of 3.60 10 4 m. 22. The speed of the proton is A. B. C. D. 4.14 105 m/s 1.77 107 m/s 1.71 1011 m/s 3.14 1014 m/s

Use your recorded answer from Multiple Choice 22 to answer Numerical Response 6.* Numerical Response
6.

The strength of the magnetic field, expressed in scientific notation, is a.bc 10d T. The values of a, b, c, and d are _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ .

(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) *You can receive marks for this question even if the previous question was answered incorrectly.

23.

An alpha particle and a proton enter a magnetic field at the same speed. The radius of the alpha particles path is A. B. C. D. half the radius of the protons path the same as the radius of the protons path twice the radius of the protons path four times the radius of the protons path

12

24.

Which of the following expressions that deal with electromagnetic waves has a constant value? A. B. C. D.

f f f/

Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Mass spectrometers are used in archeological studies to help date ancient artifacts. The relative amounts of carbon-12 and carbon-14 isotopes in a sample of organic material may be used to determine the age of the sample. Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope that undergoes beta decay and has a half-life of 5 730 years. 25. The product of the carbon-14 decay is A. B. C. D.
14 7N 14 8O 10 4 Be 12 6C

26.

An archeological sample is dated using the carbon-14 dating process and is found to be 2 865 years old. What percentage of the original carbon-14 remains? A. B. C. D. 25.0% 29.3% 70.7% 75.0%

13

Use the following information to answer the next four questions. Physicists have produced optical cooling by shining a laser onto glass that contains ytterbium ions (Yb3+). The glass with ytterbium ions absorbs the laser photons and radiates photons with a shorter wavelength, as shown below. This process decreases the temperature of the glass with ytterbium ions.
Laser photons Glass with 3+ = 1 008 nm Yb

Emitted photons

= 995 nm

Temperature decrease 0.03 C

One theory suggests that the cooling occurs because of electron movement between energy levels in the ytterbium ions, as shown below. If a ground state electron in an ytterbium ion absorbs a small amount of thermal energy, it moves to the second energy level (n = 2). The ion then absorbs the laser photon, which moves the electron to the excited state (n = 3). The cooling occurs when the ytterbium ion emits a photon.
Excited state Laser photons = 1 008 nm ? Emitted photons n=2 Heat absorption Ground state n=3

= 995 nm

n=1

14

27.

When the glass cools, the ions lose both the thermal energy and the energy that was absorbed from the laser photons. The electron energy level transition that occurs is from energy level A. B. C. D. n=3 n=3 n=2 n=2 to to to to n=2 n=1 n=1 n=3

Numerical Response
7.

The frequency of the laser photons, expressed in scientific notation, is a.b 10cd Hz. The values of a, b, c, and d are _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ .
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

28.

The energy difference between a laser photon and an emitted photon is A. B. C. D. 2.00 1019 J 1.97 1019 J 2.58 1021 J 8.62 1033 J

29.

Visible light has frequencies that range between 4.3 1014 Hz (red) and 7.5 1014 Hz (violet). Which of the following statements best describes the absorbed laser photon and the emitted photon in the optical cooling experiment? A. B. C. D. Both photons are in the infrared range. Both photons are in the ultraviolet range. Both photons are in the visible light range. One photon is in the visible light range, and one is not in the visible light range.

15

30.

In certain scattering experiments, alpha particles bounce backward from a thin metal target. This observation led to the hypothesis that A. B. C. D. alpha particles carry electric charges charge is uniformly distributed throughout the atom alpha particles kinetic energy cannot be converted to potential energy the centre of the atom is very small, charged, and contains most of the atoms mass

Numerical Response
8.

The work function of a metal with a threshold frequency of 1.1 1015 Hz, expressed in scientific notation, is a.b 10cd J. The values of a, b, c, and d are _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ .
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

31.

When a neutral meson particle () decays, it produces an electron (e). In this process, it is most likely that A. B. C. D. nothing else is produced a gamma ray is also produced a negative particle is also produced a positive particle is also produced

Use the following information to answer the next question. Compton determined that the energy and momentum of a photon are related according to the formula E = pc.

Numerical Response
9.

A photon has a momentum of 4.0 1023 N.s. The frequency of the photon, expressed in scientific notation, is a.b 10cd Hz. The values of a, b, c, and d are _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ .
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

16

Use the following information to answer the next three questions. Night vision devices operate by taking available ambient light, such as starlight, and converting it into an electrical signal that is then amplified within a channel plate (image intensifier). The electrical signal is then focused on a phosphor-coated screen that emits a green image.

1
() Light
e e

3
(+)

() Converging lens Photocell Channel plate (image intensifier)

(+) Phosphor-coated screen

Eye piece

32.

When light falls on the device at position 1 in the diagram, A. B. C. D. the Compton effect occurs the photoelectric effect occurs light refraction and diffraction occurs light diffraction and interference occurs

33.

Night vision devices have a built-in brightness protection circuit to protect both the device and the viewer from unexpected bright light. The circuit is activated when the A. B. C. D. photoelectric current increases photoelectric current decreases kinetic energy of photoelectrons increases kinetic energy of photoelectrons decreases

17

Numerical Response
10.

Green light with a wavelength of 545 nm reaches the observers eyes. The energy of a photon of this green light is __________ eV.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

34.

The graph below that shows the relationship between the radius of a hydrogen atom (r) and the energy level (n) of its electron is

A.

B.

C.

D.

18

Use the following information to answer the next question.

Decay Curve for Radioisotope A
100

75

Sample remaining (%)

50

25

0 0.0 1.0 Time (h) 2.0 3.0

The graph illustrates the decay of a radioactive isotope. Numerical Response

11.

The time required for a 40.0 g sample to decay to 1.25 g is __________ h.

(Record your two-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

19

Use the following information to answer the next question. Maximum Kinetic Energy as a Function of Frequency
6.0

5.0

4.0

(1019 J) Ek
max

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

14

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Frequency (10 Hz)

35.

Based on the graph above, Plancks constant has a value of A. B. C. D. 6.6 1034 J.s 5.0 1034 J.s 3.6 1034 J.s 3.0 1034 J.s

20

Use the following information to answer the next three questions. A particular nuclear fission reaction of uranium-235 is represented by ab 1 235 1 141 92 U + 0 n 55Cs + cd X + 3 0 n, where element X is unknown. 36. The value of cd in the above reaction can be identified using the Law of Conservation of A. B. C. D. Mass Energy Charge Momentum

Numerical Response
12.
ab The fission product in this reaction is represented by cd X . The values of a, b, c, and d are _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ .

(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

37.

In the above fission reaction, the mass of the reactants is 236.05 atomic mass units, and the mass of the products is 235.86 atomic mass units. Which of the following explanations best describes the change in mass that occurs in this nuclear fission reaction? A. B. C. D. Mass and energy are equivalent, and energy has been converted into mass in this reaction. Mass and energy are equivalent, and mass has been converted into energy in this reaction. Mass and energy are equivalent, and the missing mass is due to inaccurate laboratory measuring equipment. Neutrinos that are given off in the fission reaction are undetectable, which accounts for the differences in mass of the detectable components of the reaction.

Written-response question 1 begins on page 22. 21

Use the following information to answer the next question. You have the following components: an electric fan, two heating coils, several switches, and connecting wires. These components are to be used to construct a hair dryer. Schematics of Hair Dryer Components
110 V AC Heating coil (two) F Electric fan Switch (several)

The design requirements for your hair dryer are that the fan is always on when the hair dryer is on and that it has two heat settings: high and low.

Written Response 15% 1. Draw a schematic diagram of a hair dryer circuit that meets the design requirements. Based on the circuit diagram you have drawn, analyze the operation of the hair dryer. In your response, explain how the switch settings and their locations in the circuit control the low and high heat settings. Also, explain why the hair dryer should be designed so that the fan is on whenever the hair dryer is on.

Note: Marks will be awarded for the physics principles used in your response and for the effective communication of your response.

22

Written-response question 2 begins on the next page. 23

Use the following information to answer the next question. Several Canadian companies are redesigning and testing bulletproof vests. One company does a test that involves firing a target rifle at a crash test dummy wearing a vest.

Dummy Regular bullet

mBullet = 8.00 g vBullet = 650 m/s Vest

The company is testing the vests with both regular bullets and armourpiercing bullets. The armour-piercing bullet travels 1.20 times faster and has 1.20 times the mass of the regular bullet shown above.

Written Response 15% 2. Quantitatively compare the kinetic energy of the armour-piercing bullet with the kinetic energy of the regular bullet. How much energy is released by the explosion of the gunpowder if the transfer of energy from the explosion to the regular bullet is 90.0% efficient? The regular bullet is in the rifle barrel for 1.42 103 s. What is the average force exerted on the regular bullet by the expanding gases?

24

Use this additional information to answer the next part of the question. A second test performed by the company has the regular bullet strike the vest at a glancing angle. The mass of the vest and the dummy is 56.0 kg. The bulletvest collision is inelastic.

vBullet = 98.0 m/s Vest mBullet = 8.00 g vBullet = 650 m/s Path of bullet 120 Dummy

Determine the resultant speed of the vest and the dummy following the glancing collision shown above. Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that you are using to solve this question. You may communicate this understanding mathematically, graphically, and/or with written statements.

25

You have now completed the examination. If you have time, you may wish to check your answers.

26

Fold and tear along perforation.

PHYSICS DATA SHEET

CONSTANTS Gravity, Electricity, and Magnetism Acceleration Due to Gravity or Gravitational Field Near Earth ............ Gravitational Constant ........................ Mass of Earth ...................................... Radius of Earth ................................... Coulombs Law Constant.................... Electron Volt....................................... Elementary Charge.............................. Index of Refraction of Air................... Speed of Light in Vacuum .................. Atomic Physics Energy of an Electron in the 1st Bohr Orbit of Hydrogen...................... Plancks Constant................................ Radius of 1st Bohr Orbit of Hydrogen Rydbergs Constant for Hydrogen ...... Particles Rest Mass Alpha Particle ............... Electron......................... Neutron ......................... Proton............................ m = 6.65 10 m e = 9.11 10
27 31 27 27

Trigonometry and Vectors ag or g = 9.81 m/s or 9.81 N/kg G = 6.67 10

11 24 2

N.m /kg
2

opposite sin = hypotenuse adjacent cos = hypotenuse

For any Vector R = Rx + Ry Ry Rx

2

* R
2

Me = 5.98 10 kg Re = 6.37 10 m
6

k = 8.99 10 N.m /C
9 2

1 eV = 1.60 10 e = 1.60 10 n = 1.00

19

19

opposite tan = adjacent a b c = = sin A sin B sin C

tan =

Rx = R cos Ry = R sin

c = 3.00 10 m/s
8

c = a + b 2ab cos C
Prefixes Used With SI Units

E1 = 2 .18 10 h = 6.63 10
34

18

J or 13.6 eV
15

Prefix eV.s

Symbol

Exponential Value
12 9 6 3 2 1

Prefix

Symbol

Exponential Value
12 9 6 3 2 1

J.s or 4.14 10 m

pico .............. p...................10 nano ............. n...................10 micro............ ..................10

tera .............. T ..................10 giga .............. G .................10 mega ............ M .................10 kilo .............. k ..................10 hecto ............ h ..................10 deka ............. da ................10

r1 = 5.29 10

11 7

RH = 1.10 10 /m

milli ............. m..................10 centi ............. c ..................10 Charge kg kg kg

2+

deci .............. d...................10

0
+

m n = 1.67 10

m p = 1. 67 10

kg

Tear-out Page

EQUATIONS Kinematics * * d vave = t * * v vi * a = f t * * 1 *2 d = vit + at 2 v = 2r T Waves and Light * * 1 *2 d = vf t a t 2 * * * v + vi d = f 2 t

2 vf

Quantum Mechanics and Nuclear Physics sin1 v n = 1 = 1 = 2 sin 2 v2 2 n1 E = mc

2

T = 2 T = 2 T = 1 f

m k l g

p = p =

h hf ; E = pc c

= vi + 2ad v r
2

xd nl Electricity and Magnetism Fe = kq1q2 r

2

a =

Dynamics * * F = ma * * Ft = mv * * Fg = mg Ff = FN * * Fs = kx Momentum and Energy * * p = mv W = Fd W = E = Fd cos P = W E = t t Ek =

2 1 mv 2

v = f

d sin = n m = hi di = h0 d0

V = IR P = IV I = q t

Fg = g = Fc = Fc =

Gm1m2 r Gm1 r
2 2 2

1 = l; 1 = l 2 4

1 1 1 = + f d 0 di

* kq E = 21 r * * F E = e q * V E = d

Fm = IlB Fm = qvB V = lvB

Np Ns = Vp Vs = Is Ip

mv r

Atomic Physics

4 mr T
2

hf = Ek max + W
W = hf 0 E
k max

1 1 1 = RH 2 2 n ni f
En = 1 n
2 2

V =

E q

R = R1 + R2 + R3 1 1 1 1 = + + R R1 R2 R3 I eff = 0.707 I max

= qVstop

E1

Ep = mgh 1 2 Ep = kx 2

E = hf =

hc

rn = n r 1
N = N0

Veff = 0.707 Vmax

1 2

Fold and tear along perforation.

Periodic Table of the Elements

1 IA 2 IIA 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 VIIIB 11 IB 12 IIB 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 18 VIIIA or O

1
1.01

2
4.00

He

hydrogen

helium

3
6.94 lithium

Li

4
9.01

Be
Atomic number

Key

3
6.94 lithium

6
12.01 carbon

7
14.01 nitrogen

8
16.00 oxygen

9
19.00 fluorine

10
20.17 neon

Ne

Li

Symbol

10.81 boron

beryllium

Atomic molar mass Name

11
22.99

Na

12

Mg

13
26.98

24.31 magnesium

Based on 12 C 6 ( ) Indicates mass of the most stable isotope

Al

14
28.09 silicon

Si

15
30.97

16
32.06 sulphur

17
35.45

Cl

18
39.95 argon

Ar

sodium

aluminum

phosphorus

chlorine

19
39.10

20
40.08

Ca

21
44.96

Sc

22
47.90

Ti

23
50.94

24
52.00

Cr

25

Mn

26
55.85 iron

Fe

27
58.93

Co

28
58.71 nickel

Ni

29
63.55

Cu

30
65.38 zinc

Zn

31

Ga

32

Ge

33
74.92

As

34
78.96

Se

35
79.90

Br

36
83.80

Kr

54.94 manganese

69.72 gallium

72.59 germanium

potassium

calcium

scandium

titanium

vanadium

chromium

cobalt

copper

arsenic

selenium

bromine

krypton

37
85.47

Rb

38
87.62

Sr

39
88.91 yttrium

40
91.22

Zr

41
92.91

Nb

42

Mo

43

Tc

44

Ru

45

Rh

46

Pd

47

Ag

48

Cd

49
114.82 indium

In

50

Sn

51

Sb

52

Te

53
126.90 iodine

54

Xe

95.94

(98.91)

101.07 ruthenium

102.91 rhodium

106.40 palladium

107.87 silver

112.41 cadmium

118.69 tin

121.75 antimony

127.60 tellurium

131.30 xenon

rubidium

strontium

zirconium

niobium

molybdenum technetium

55

Cs

56

Ba

57-71

72
178.49

Hf

73

Ta

74
183.85

75

Re

76

Os

77
192.22 iridium

Ir

78
195.09

Pt

79

Au

80

Hg

81
204.37 thallium

Tl

82

Pb

83
208.98

Bi

84

Po

85

At

86

Rn

132.91 cesium

137.33 barium

180.95 tantalum

186.21 rhenium

190.20 osmium

196.97 gold

200.59 mercury

207.19 lead

(208.98) polonium

(209.98) astatine

(222.02) radon

hafnium

tungsten

platinum

bismuth

87

Fr

88

Ra

89 -103

104 Unq 105 Unp 106 Unh 107 Uns 108 Uno 109 Une
(266.11)
unnilquadium

(223.02) francium

(226.03) radium

(262.11)
unnilpentium

(263.12)
unnilhexium

(262.12)
unnilseptium

(265)
unniloctium

(266)
unnilennium

57

La

58

Ce

59
140.91

Pr

60

Nd

61

Pm

62

Sm

63

Eu

64

Gd

65

Tb

66

Dy

67

Ho

68
167.26 erbium

Er

69

Tm

70

Yb

71

Lu

138.91 lanthanum

140.12 cerium

144.24

(144.91) promethium

150.35 samarium

151.96 europium

157.25 gadolinium

158.93 terbium

162.50 dysprosium

164.93 holmium

168.93 thulium

173.04 ytterbium

174.97 lutetium

praseodymium neodymium

89

Ac

90

Th

91

Pa

92
238.03

93

Np

94

Pu

95

Am

96

Cm

97

Bk

98

Cf

99

Es

100Fm 101Md 102 No 103

(257.10) fermium (258.10) (259.10) mendelevium nobelium

Lr

(277.03) actinium

(232.04) thorium

(231.04)

(237.05) neptunium

(244.06) plutonium

(243.06) americium

(247.07) curium

(247.07) berkelium

(242.06) californium

(252.08) einsteinium

(260.11) lawrencium

protactinium uranium

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PHYSICS 30 DIPLOMA EXAMINATION JUNE 1999

Multiple Choice and Numerical Response Key

Written Response Scoring Guide

Physics 30 June 1999 MULTIPLE-CHOICE KEY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. A B A B D D A C A C B D C B B C D C C 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. D B A C C A C B C A D D B A D B C B

NUMERICAL-RESPONSE KEY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1.94* 8.27 7.78 1.67 7.19 1201** 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 3014 7319 1819 2.28 3.0 9237

Links: *If MC 2 is A, then NR 1 is 1.37 B, then NR 1 is 1.94 C, then NR 1 is 91.0 or 91.1 D, then NR 1 is 182 **If MC 22 is A, then NR 6 is 1201 B, then NR 6 is 5132 C, then NR 6 is 4966 D, then NR 6 is 9109

Physics 30 June 1999

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July 16, 1999

Holistic Scoring Guide Reporting Category: Physics COMMUNICATION

When marking COMMUNICATION, the marker should consider how effectively the response describes in detail the method, procedure, or strategy used to provide a solution to the problem. Score 3 Criteria In the response, the student provides a complete, well organized, and clear solution to the problem provides, in detail, a strategy in a logical manner demonstrates consistency of thought uses physics vocabulary appropriately and precisely provides an explicit relationship between the explanation and diagrams (if used) states formula(s) explicitly may have a mathematical error that does not hinder the understanding of either the strategy or the solution In the response, the student provides an organized response, however, errors sometimes affect the clarity provides a strategy, but details are general and/or sometimes lacking demonstrates consistency of thought most of the time, however, some gaps in logic leave the response somewhat open to interpretation uses physics vocabulary, however, it may not be precise provides an implicit relationship between explanation and diagrams (if used) uses formula(s) that are likely inferred by analyzing the calculations likely has mathematical errors that may hinder the understanding of either the strategy or the solution In the response, the student lacks organization, and errors affect the clarity attempts to provides a strategy with little or no detail demonstrates a lack of consistency of thought, and the response is difficult to interpret uses physics vocabulary, however, it is often misused provides a weak relationship between the explanation and diagrams (if used) may not state formula(s), however, it is possible that the formula(s) can be deciphered by analyzing the calculations has mathematical errors that hinder the understanding of the strategy and/or the solution In the response, the student writes very little and/or presents very little relevant information provides a response that is not organized, and is confusing and/or frustrating to the reader does not provide a strategy to solve the problem uses little or no physics vocabulary, however, if present, it is misused provides no relationship between the explanation, if present, and diagrams (if used) may state a formula but it does not contribute toward the solution No response given.

NR

Physics 30 June 1999

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July 16, 1999

Holistic Scoring Guide Reporting Category: Physics CONTENT

When marking CONTENT, the marker should consider how effectively the response uses physics concepts, knowledge, and skills to provide a solution to the problem. Score 4 Criteria In the response, the student uses an appropriate method that reflects a thorough understanding of the major concepts and/or laws, and indicates where they apply to the solution provides a complete description of the method used and shows how to solve the problem correctly uses formula(s) and although minor errors in substitution and/or calculation may be present they do not hinder the understanding of the physics content has drawn diagrams and/or sketches, if applicable, that are appropriate, correct, and complete has no major omissions or inconsistencies In the response, the student uses an appropriate method that reflects a good understanding of the main concepts and/or laws, and indicates where they apply to the solution provides a description of the method used and/or shows how to solve the problem correctly uses formula(s) however, errors in substitution and/or calculation may hinder the understanding of the physics content has drawn diagrams and/or sketches, if applicable, that are appropriate, although some aspect may be incorrect or incomplete may have several minor inconsistencies or perhaps one major inconsistency, however, there is little doubt that the understanding of physics content is good In the response, the student uses a method that reflects a basic understanding of the major concepts and/or laws but experiences some difficulty indicating where they apply to the solution provides either a description of the method used or shows how to solve the problem uses formula(s), however, errors and inconsistencies in substitution and/or calculation hinder the understanding of the physics content presented has drawn diagrams and/or sketches, if applicable, that may be appropriate, although some aspect is incorrect or incomplete has inconsistencies or a major omission In the response, the student uses a method that reflects a poor understanding of the major concepts and/or laws, and experiences difficulty indicating where they apply to the solution provides a description of the method used, or a solution, that is incomplete may use formula(s) however, the application is incorrect or inappropriate has drawn diagrams and/or sketches, if applicable, that are inappropriate, incorrect, and/or incomplete has minor and major inconsistencies and/or omissions In the response, the student uses a method that reflects little or no understanding of the major concepts and/or laws does not provide a description of the method used may use formula(s) and substitution, but they do not address the question has drawn diagrams and/or sketches, if applicable, that are incorrect, inappropriate, and incomplete has major omissions No response is given.

NR

Physics 30 June 1999

iv

July 16, 1999

Use the following information to answer the next question. You have the following components: an electric fan, two heating coils, several switches, and connecting wires. These components are to be used to construct a hair dryer. Schematics of Hair Dryer Components
110 V AC Heating coil (two) F Electric fan Switch (several)

The design requirements for your hair dryer are that the fan is always on when the hair dryer is on and that it has two heat settings: high and low.

Written Response 15% 1. Draw a schematic diagram of a hair dryer circuit that meets the design requirements. Based on the circuit diagram you have drawn, analyze the operation of the hair dryer. In your response, explain how the switch settings and their locations in the circuit control the low and high heat settings. Also, explain why the hair dryer should be designed so that the fan is on whenever the hair dryer is on.

Note: Marks will be awarded for the physics principles used in your response and for the effective communication of your response.

Physics 30 June 1999

July 16, 1999

Sample Solution
Switch 1
F Fan

Switch 2

110V

Coil 1

Coil 2

Closing switch one, with the hair dryer plugged in, will turn on coil 1 and the fan, resulting in a low heat mode of operation. When the switches are both closed both coil 1 and coil 2, as well as the fan, are turned on resulting in the high heat mode of operation. In both modes of operation, the fan must be on and blowing air over the coils. When the coils are switched on, heat will be generated in the coils. It is this heat that is used to dry hair. If the fan was not on, the coil would heat up and eventually melt and/or you would probably have a hard time drying hair.

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July 16, 1999

Scoring Guide for Anaholistic Questions

Major Concepts: Energy; Impulse; Vectors; Momentum.

Score
NR 0 No response is given.

Criteria
In the response, the student identifies an area of physics that does not apply to the major concepts uses inappropriate formulas, diagrams, and/or explanations In the response, the student attempts at least two of the major concepts or uses an appropriate method that reflects a good understanding of one of the major concepts makes errors in the formulas, diagrams, and/or explanations, and the answer is not consistent with calculated results In the response, the student uses an appropriate method that reflects a basic understanding of three of the four major concepts or a good understanding of two of the major concepts gives formulas and/or diagrams that are implicitly correct, however they are not applied to determine the final solution or errors in the application of equations are present but the answer is consistent with calculated results In the response, the student uses an appropriate method that reflects a basic understanding of all four of the major concepts or a good understanding of three of the major concepts uses an appropriate method that reflects an excellent understanding of two of the major concepts and a basic understanding of one of the two remaining concepts uses formulas and/or diagrams that may be implicit, but are applied correctly; errors in calculations and/or substitutions are present that hinder the understanding of the physics content provides explanations that are correct but lack detail has a major omission or inconsistency In the response, the student uses an appropriate method that reflects a good understanding of all major concepts or an excellent understanding of three of the major concepts provides explanations that are correct and detailed states most formulas explicitly and applies them correctly has minor errors, omissions, or inconsistencies in calculations and/or substitutions but these do not hinder the understanding of the physics content draws most diagrams appropriately, correctly, and completely may have errors in units, significant digits, rounding, or graphing In the response, the student uses an appropriate method that reflects an excellent understanding of all major concepts provides a complete description of the method used and shows a complete solution for the problem states formulas explicitly may make a minor error, omission, or inconsistency, but this does not hinder the understanding of the physics content draws diagrams that are appropriate, correct, and complete may have an error in significant digits or rounding

Physics 30 June 1999

vii

Use the following information to answer the next question. Several Canadian companies are redesigning and testing bulletproof vests. One company does a test that involves firing a target rifle at a crash test dummy wearing a vest.

Dummy Regular bullet

mBullet = 8.00 g vBullet = 650 m/s Vest

The company is testing the vests with both regular bullets and armourpiercing bullets. The armour-piercing bullet travels 1.20 times faster and has 1.20 times the mass of the regular bullet shown above.

Written Response 15% 2. Quantitatively compare the kinetic energy of the armour-piercing bullet with the kinetic energy of the regular bullet. How much energy is released by the explosion of the gunpowder if the transfer of energy from the explosion to the regular bullet is 90.0% efficient? The regular bullet is in the rifle barrel for 1.42 103 s. What is the average force exerted on the regular bullet by the expanding gases?

Physics 30 June 1999

viii

Use this additional information to answer the next part of the question. A second test performed by the company has the regular bullet strike the vest at a glancing angle. The mass of the vest and the dummy is 56.0 kg. The bulletvest collision is inelastic.

vBullet = 98.0 m/s Vest mBullet = 8.00 g vBullet = 650 m/s Path of bullet 120 Dummy

Determine the resultant speed of the vest and the dummy following the glancing collision shown above. Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that you are using to solve this question. You may communicate this understanding mathematically, graphically, and/or with written statements.

Sample Solution Energy of the armour-piercing bullet compared to energy of the regular bullet.

Method 1: EK
1 2 AP B 2

EK (8.00 10 3 kg)(650 m/s) 2 EK

1 2

mAPvAP2
1 2

mBvB2

(8.00 103 kg 1.2)(1.2 650 m/s)

1 2

1.2(1.2)2 1

AP B

EK

= 1.73

The armour-piercing bullet has 1.73 times as much kinetic energy as the regular bullet.

Physics 30 June 1999

ix

Method 2: EK
B

= =

1m v 2 2 B B 1 (8.00 2

103 kg)(650 m/s)2

= 1.69 103 J EK
AP

= 2.92 10 J The EK or The EK

AP

1 [(1.2)(8.00 2 3

103 kg)][(650 m/s)(1.2)] 2

is greater by 1.23 103 J is 1.73 times greater

AP

The energy released by the explosion of the gunpowder at 90% efficiency. Ek = =

1 2 1 2

mv2 (8.00 10 3 kg)(650 m/s) 2

Ek = 1.69 103 J 90% of Ep = Ek Ek = energy of gunpowder 0.9 1.69 103 J = 1.88 103 J 0.9 The energy released by the gunpowder is 1.88 103 J. The average force exerted on the regular bullet by the expanding gases. Ft = mv F = mv t (8.00 10 3 kg)(650 m/s 0) F = (1.42 10 3 s) F = 3.66 103 N The force of the expanding gas on the bullet is 3.66 103 N.

Physics 30 June 1999

 The resultant velocity of the vest and dummy. Conservation of momentum in 2D implies two separate sets of calculations. Momentum is conserved in X direction and momentum is conserved in Y direction. pB = mv = (8.00 103 kg)(98.0 m/s) pB = 0.784 N.s pBy = pB sin 60$ pB y = 0.784 sin 60 = 0.67896 kg.m/s

pB x = p cos 60$ B pB x = 0.784 cos 60 = 0.392 kg.m/s

pB x + pD x = pB x + pD x (8.00 103 kg)(650 m/s) + 0 = (0.392 kg.m/s) + pD x (5.20 kg.m/s) (0.392 kg.m/s) = pD x 4.808 kg.m/s = pD x pB y + pD y = pB y + pD y 0 + 0 = pB y + pD y Therefore: pD y = pBy pD y = 0.67896 kg.m/s

Physics 30 June 1999

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To find the resultant vector from x and y components, use Pythagoras: pD = = ( pD x ) 2 + ( p y ) 2 D (4.808)2 + (0.67896)2

pD = 4.85 kg.m/s

pD = mv
v =

4.85 kgm/s 56.0 kg v = 0.0867 m/s

The vest and dummy will have a speed of 8.67 10-2 m/s.

Physics 30 June 1999

xii