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End Topic Questions - Reproduction

Section A (multiple choice questions)
1. Which one of the following occurs in a flower after fertilization?
A. Petals, stigma, and style persist.
B. Ovary, petals, and sepals dry and fall off.
C. Ovary develops into seed coat.
D. Ovules develop into seeds.
2. Which one of the following modes of reproduction is sexual?
A. Spore formation C. Fragmentation
B. Budding D. Conjugation
3. In natural vegetative propagation, which of the following structures are most likely to give
rise to new individuals?
A. Stems B. Roots C. Buds D. leaves
4. The leaf in the figure on the right is modified for
A. Absorption of nutrients.
B. Reproduction.
C. Photosynthesis.
D. Water storage.
5. Which of the following parts of a flower are essential for fertilization?
A. Filament, style, and petal. C. Ovary, anther, and stigma.
B. Petal, receptacle, and sepals. D. Filament, sepal and receptacle.
6. Which one of the following structures of a flower develops into a seed coat after
fertilization?
A. Embryo sac B. Receptacle C. Integuments D. Ovary
7. Which one of the following is true of vegetative reproduction?
A. Involves spores. C. Gametes are transported by water.
B. Maintains varieties. D. Does not lead to overcrowding.
8. In grasses, the anthers hang out below the flower and the stigma is held out above the
anthers. The importance of this arrangement is to
A. Improve the chances of pollination. C. Minimize waste of pollen grains.
B. Encourage cross pollination. D. encourage self pollination
9. Slow rate of repair of the uterine wall after menstruation in a mammal may be due to a
deficiency in
A. Oestrogen C. Progesterone
B. Luteinizing hormone D. Follicle stimulating hormone
10. A miscarriage may result if a pregnant woman has low concentration of:
A. Luteinizing hormone C. Oestrogen
B. Follicle stimulating hormone D. Progesterone
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11. The testes are normally suspended outside the body for:
A. Production of larger sperms C. Courtship
B. Production of hygienic sperms D. Production of health sperms
12. The role of the luteinising hormone is to
A. Cause ovulation C. Development of Graafian follicle
B. Thicken the uterine wall D. Maintain pregnancy
13. Which one of the following is a function of integuments after fertilization?
A. Storage of food for the embryo C. Protection of the inner part of the seed
B. Provision of support to the seed D. Allowing air into the seed
14. The following are advantages of vegetative propagation except
A. Offspring are resistant to diseases B. Offspring grow faster
C. Off obtain food from parent
D. Good characteristics of the parent plant are preserved
15. Which one of the following cushions the foetus during development?
A. Chorion C. Placenta.
B. Amniotic fluid. D. Uterus.
16. Which one the following results into a diploid zygote in a flowering plant? Fusion of one
male nucleus with the
A. Egg cell. C. Synergids
B. Polar nuclei. D. Antipodal cells.
17. Double fertilization in flowering plants refers to fusion of two male nuclei with
A. Antipodal nuclei and polar nuclei. C. Egg nucleus and antipodal nuclei.
B. Egg nucleus and polar nuclei. D. Two egg nuclei.
18. The hormones that stimulate the growth of pubic hair in humans are
A. Oestrogen and testosterone. C. Luteinising hormone and thyroxine.
B. Progesterone and luteinizing hormone. D. Follicle stimulating and progesterone.
19. Asexual reproduction in a Rhizopus results into
A. Zygospore B. buds C. fragments D. spores
20. Identical twins results from
A. one ovum being fertilized by one sperm
B. an ovum splitting into two before fertilization
C. two ova being fertilized by one sperm
D. two ova being fertilized by two sperms
21. Which one of the following hormones stimulates the production of progesterone?
A. Testosterone C. Oestrogen
B. Luteinizing hormone D. Follicle stimulating hormone
22. Which one of the following plant organs can be used in vegetative reproduction?
A. Stem tuber of Irish potato. C. Tap root of a carrot.
B. Root tuber of cassava. D. Leaves of an onion.
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23. Which one of the following organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually?
A. Amoeba. B. Spirogyra. C. Bacteria. D. Yeast.
24. The hormone which cause ovulation is called
A. follicle stimulating hormone C. luteinizing hormone
B. Progesterone. D. oestrogen
25. Which one of the following happen if fertilization do not take place
A. Corpus luteum degenerates and the level of progesterone starts to rise
B. Corpus luteum degenerates and the level of progesterone starts to fall
C. Corpus luteum is maintained and the level of progesterone starts to rise
D. Corpus luteum is maintained and the level of progesterone starts to fall
26. The main reason why birds sit on their eggs during the incubation period is to ensure that
A. Hatching occurs quickly C. Eggs are kept at a constant temperature
B. Rain does not destroy eggs D. All eggs develop chicks at the same time
27. Which is the following is true about insect pollination flowers?
A. Produce small and smooth pollen
B. Have small greenish bracts
C. Stigma and pollen grains are often sticky
D. Filaments are flexible and anthers loosely attached
28. Which one of the following shows the correct path followed by the sperms when ejaculated?
A. Seminiferous tubules  epididymis  sperm ducts  urethra.
B. Epididymis  seminiferous tubules  urethra  sperm ducts.
C. Sperm ducts  seminiferous tubules  epididymis  urethra
D. Seminiferous tubules  urethra  sperm ducts  epididymis
29. An endosperm is formed in plants when the second male nucleus fuses with the
A. Egg nucleus B. Polar nuclei C. Antipodal nuclei D. Embryo

30. What is the function of the epididymis?

A. spermatogenesis B. sperm maturation and storage
C. produces the bulk of seminal fluid
D. provides nitric oxide needed for erections
32. The vulva includes the...
A. lactiferous duct, rugae, and hymen
B. lactiferous duct, endometrium, and bulbourethral glands
C. mons pubis, endometrium, and hymen
D. mons pubis, labia majora, and Bartholin’s glands
33. What controls whether an embryo will develop testes or ovaries?
A. pituitary gland C. Y chromosome
B. hypothalamus D. Presence or absence of oestrogen.
34. Which of the following is correct about the umbilical cord? It has
A. umbilical artery that carries oxygenated blood to the maternal blood
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B. umbilical vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the embryo

C. umbilical vein that carries oxygenated blood to the embryo
D. umbilical vein that carries oxygenated blood to the maternal blood
35. Progesterone secreted by the placenta suppresses………….to prevent maturation of ovarian
follicles.
A. LH and oestrogen C. FSH and LH
B. hCG and FSH D. estrogen and hCG
36. The function of amniotic fluid on foetal development is:
A. Protection of the foetus from shock
B. Transfer of nutrients from mother to foetus.
C. Allowing gaseous exchange between mother and foetus.
D. Prevention of dangerous substances from reaching the foetus

37. Which one of the following plants would depend mostly on wind for its reproduction? A
plant with
A. Small inconspicuous flowers and light seeds
B. Sticky grains and explosive fruits
C. Numerous pollen grains and enclosed stigma
D. Coloured petals and small hairy fruits.
38. Which one of the following structures in the mammalian male reproductive organ secretes
seminal fluid?
A. Prostate gland C. Epididymis
B. Vasa deferentia D. Seminiferous tubules
39. In humans, fertilization occurs in the…., and implantation of the zygote occurs in the…...
A. seminiferous tubules; uterus C. oviduct; uterus
B. vagina; oviduct D. urethra; uterus
40. The major difference between an oestrous cycle and a menstrual cycle is that
A. Sexual receptivity occurs only around ovulation in the oestrous cycle, but it can occur
during any time of the menstrual cycle.
B. Oestrous cycles occur in reptiles, but menstrual cycles occur in mammals.
C. Oestrous cycles are determined by FSH, but menstrual cycles are determined by LH.
D. Oestrous cycles occur monthly, but menstrual cycles occur sporadically.

Section B (semi-structured questions)

41. Study the figure on the right and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name the parts labelled A, B, and C. (1½ marks)
(b) (i) Suggest the agent of pollination for the flower.
(½ mark)
(ii). Suggest the adaptation of the flower for the agent of
pollination in (b) above. (04 marks)
(c) State the conditions that promote cross-pollination in flowers. (04 marks)
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42. The figure on the right shows a pollen tube as it develops below the style.
(a) Name the parts labelled N and M. (02 marks)
(b) i). Name the structure from which M arise. (01 marks)
ii). By what process do M arise from the structure named in b(i)
above? (01 marks)
(c) State the function of N and M. (02 marks)
(d) Briefly describe the growth response(s) exhibited by the pollen tube. (04 marks)
43. The figure on the right shows part of the ovary of an angiosperm.
(a) Identify the structure. (01 marks)
(b) Name the parts labelled S, T, U and W. (02 marks)
(c) Name the parts of the male gamete that will fuse with the parts U
and T respectively during fertilization. (02 marks)
(d) Name the structures formed as a result of fusion of male gametes
with parts named above. (03 marks)
(e) What happens to parts S and W after fertilization? (02 marks)

44. The figure on the right shows the blood levels of two
hormones P and Q in a woman just before birth, at birth and
after birth.
(a) Name the hormones represented by letters P and Q, their
sources and reproductive functions. (05 marks)
Name of the Reproductive
Letter Source
hormone function
P
Q
(b) Describe the shape of the curves P and Q. (04 marks)
(c) Explain the shape of the curves P and Q. (04 marks)
(d) (i) Name one other hormone not shown in the figure above, but is important prior to
and during birth. (01 mark)
(ii) State the role of the hormone stated in (d) (i) above prior to and during birth.
(02 marks)
(iii) On the graph above, sketch the curve for the stated hormone in (d) (i) above.
(01 marks)
(e) (i) State what would happen to progesterone levels prior and after birth. (01 marks)
(ii) State the significance of the stated levels of progesterone prior and after birth.
(02 marks)
45. The table below shows the average number of pregnancies conceived in every 100 women
per year after using various methods of birth control. Study it carefully and answer the
questions that follow.
Average number of pregnancies conceived in every 100
Birth control method
women.
Spermicides 4
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Condoms 4
Contraceptive pills 0
Intrauterine device (IUD) 2
Rhythm method 30
Withdraw method. 35
Abstinence 0
(a) Explain how the following methods prevent conception:
(i) Spermicides (01 mark) (iii) Intrauterine devices (02 mark)
(ii) Contraceptive pills (02 mark) (iv) Rhythm method (02 mark)
(b) Represent the above information graphically. (06 marks)
(c) From the graph plotted, state:
(i) Two most reliable birth control methods in a married couple. (02 mark)
(ii) One most reliable birth control method for students in school. (01 mark)
(iii) Two least reliable birth control methods. (02 mark)
(d) State one advantage and one disadvantage of IUD over contraceptive pills (02 mark)

46. The figure on the right shows a lateral view of human male reproductive system.
(a) Name the parts labelled a to f. (03 marks)
(b) State the functions of parts labelled c, g and h. (03 marks)
(c) Using letter “X” and “Y” respectively, indicate on the
figure the:
(i) Site for vasectomy. (01 marks)
(ii) Most sensitive site of sex arousal. (01 marks)
(d) Explain why a vasectomised male can erect while a
castrated male cannot and yet the two cannot make the
woman pregnant. (02 marks)
47. (a). What is twinning? (01 marks)
(b). Describe how monozygotic and fraternal twins arise in humans. (06 marks)
(c). Suggest three causes of twinning. (03 marks)

48. The figure on the right shows the mammalian female reproductive system.
(a) Name the parts labelled h to m.
(b) State the function of each organ labelled h to m.
(c) State what happens to the structure k:
i. Before release of an egg.
ii. If no fertilization occurs.
(d) Name one disease that commonly affects part
labelled l and state how it can be prevented.

49. The figure below shows the changes in the hormonal levels during menstrual cycle.

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(a) Name the hormones represented by letters S and T respectively. (01 marks)
(b) State the functions of hormone S, T, LH and FSH in the menstrual cycle. (04 marks)
(c) Explain variation in levels of hormone represented by S with time. (08 marks)
(d) State the similarities and differences in the blood levels of hormones S and T beyond the
16th day. (03 marks)
(e) With a reason suggest when is ovulation likely to occur? (02 marks)
(f) Hormones represented by letters S and T are usually manufactured then combined for use
as contraceptive pills. Explain how their combination achieves contraception. (02 marks)

50. The figure below shows the relationship between blood supply of the embryo, placenta, and
uterus.

(a) State the functions of the:

(i) Placenta to the embryo (04 marks)
(ii) Villi on the placenta (02 marks)
(b) Give two reasons why the mother's blood does not mix with that of the
embryo. (02 marks)

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(c) Give two differences in the composition between the blood in vessels A
and B. (02 marks)

51. The diagram shows some of the stages that occur in the formation of a human foetus.

Using the diagram and your knowledge, describe the processes that take place in the
formation of the foetus from sperm cell and egg cell. (10 marks)

52. Figure below is a diagram showing the uterus of a pregnant

woman. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name the labelled A, B, C, and D. (02 marks)
(b) Give any one function for each of the parts labelled A, B, C
and D. (04 marks)
(c) State any two adaptations of part A for its function.
(02 marks)
(d) Using letter X, indicate on the diagram the part that
develops into a baby. (01 mark)
(e) Name the hormone that enables part D to be efficient during
pregnancy. (01 marks)
53. The figure on the right shows a longitudinal section of a bird’s egg.
(a) Name the parts labelled o to t. (03 marks)
(b) State the functions of the parts labelled o, p, q
and t. (02 marks)
(c) State the functions of the following during
embryonic development in birds.
(i) Allantois (01 mark)
(ii) Embryo sac (01 mark)
(d) Outline three differences between reproduction in
birds and in mammals. (04 marks)
54. The figure below shows two reproductive cells in humans.

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(a) State the identity of each cell. (01 mark)

(b) Name the labelled parts a to f. (03 marks)
(c) State two differences between cell M and N. (02 marks)
(d) State two adaptation of each cell is adapted to its function. (04 marks)

55. Table below shows variation of two steroid hormones during a menstrual cycle of human.
Time (days) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Concentration Oestrogen 3 3 6 9 12 15 7.5 3 4.5 4.5 3 3 3 3
of steroid Progesterone 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 4.5 7.5 11.5 13.5 9 6 3
hormones
(a) On the same axes, represent the data in the table above on the graph. (06 marks)
(b) (i). From your graph, suggest a day during which ovulation can occur and give a
reason for your answer. (02 marks)
(ii). From the graph state the day when the concentration of oestrogen is at its peak.
(01 mark)
(c) State the effect of increased concentration of these hormones to the uterine wall.
(i) Oestrogen hormone (01 mark)
(ii) Progesterone (01 mark)
(d) State the difference in the concentration of oestrogen and progesterone hormone during
the menstrual cycle. (05 marks)
(e) Give an explanation for the difference in the concentration of oestrogen and progesterone
hormone from:
(i) Day 4 to day 12 (01 marks)
(ii) Day 12 to day 16 (01 marks)
th
(f) (i). Explain what happens on 28 day to the uterine wall if fertilization failed to
occur. (01 marks)
(ii) State the hormone that stimulates the release of oestrogen hormone. (01 mark)

56. The figure below shows a longitudinal section of a flower.

(a) Give the names of parts labelled A to F. (03 marks)

(b) State the letter of the part that will:
(i) Attract insects. (01 mark)
(ii) Become a fruit. (01 mark)
(c) With a reason, suggest the type of pollination that can occur in this flower. (02 marks)
(d) Describe three ways in which the stated type of pollination is prevented. (03 marks)
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Section C (Essay Questions)

57. (a) Explain the different methods of controlling spread of HIV/AIDS. (06 marks)
(b) Explain how placenta is adapted to perform its functions. (09 marks)

58. (a) Draw a well labelled diagram of a human female reproductive system. (06 marks)
(b) Outline the events that lead to the fertilization of the ovum in the human female.
(09 marks)

59. (a) Describe the adaptations of the following mammalian systems to their functions.
(i) Male reproductive system. (06 marks)
(ii) Female reproductive system. (06 marks)
(b) State three differences between sexual reproduction in angiosperms and in
mammals. (03 marks)

60. (a) Describe the events that result into union of female and male gametes in a
flowering plant. (12 marks)
(b) Suggest any three benefits of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in
plants. (03 marks)

61. (a) What is sexual reproduction? (2 marks)

(b) Give the advantages of sexual reproduction in plants. (6 marks)
(c) Describe how sexual reproduction occurs in a Mucor. (7 marks)

62. (a). With help of diagrams, describe sexual reproduction in Rhizopus. (10 marks)
(b). Outline different ways in which fungi are important. (05 marks)

63. (a). What is meant by reproduction? (02 marks)

(b). Describe how spirogyra reproduces;
(i) Asexually (03 marks)
(ii) Sexually (08 marks)
(c). What are advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
(02 marks)
64. (a). Describe the mechanisms which promote cross-breeding in flowering plants.
(12 marks)
(b). Explain how sexual reproduction may cause variation. (03 marks)

65. (a). What is meant by double fertilization as used in plant reproduction? (02 marks)
(b). Describe the events that lead to double fertilization in flowering plants.(09 marks)
(c). Outline the changes that follow successful fertilization in flowering plants.
(04 marks)

66. Describe the processes that occur after pollination in a flowering plant leading to the
formation of a fruit. (15 marks)

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67. (a) (i). Define the term reproduction. (01 mark)

(ii). Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction. (02 marks)
(b). Giving an example of the organism in each case, outline the forms of asexual
reproduction. (10 marks)
(c) Outline any four forms of artificial propagation. (02 marks)

68. Using suitable examples, describe how new organisms arise by asexual reproduction.
(15 marks)

69. (a). What is vegetative propagation? (01 mark)

(b). Outline the different methods of artificial vegetative propagation, giving
examples of organisms used in each method. (09 marks)
(c). State the importance of artificial propagation in plant growth. (05 marks)

70. (a) Give adaptations of:

(i) Insect pollinated flowers (06 marks)
(ii) Wind pollinated flowers (04 marks)
(b) Describe the various mechanisms by which self-pollination may be prevented.
(05 marks)
71. (a) With the help of diagrams, describe sexual reproduction in a Rhizopus. (10 marks)
(b) Outline different ways in which fungi are important (05 marks)

72. (a) Differentiate between fertilization and implantation (04 marks)

(b) Explain the advantages of internal fertilization (06 marks)
(c) Describe how the placenta is adapted to carrying out its functions (05 marks)

73. (a) Describe the events which lead to successful fertilization in man. (10 marks)
(c) Describe what happens to the product of fertilization in the first 7 days.(05 marks)

74. Describe the methods of birth control, giving the advantages and disadvantages of each.
(15 marks)
75. (a) What is menstrual cycle? (01 mark)
(b) Describe the events that occur during menstrual cycle. (10 marks)
(c) Outline the hormones and their sources involved in the control of menstrual cycle.
(04 marks)
76. Identify symptoms, causes, prevention of STDs and care of STD patients. (15 marks)

77. State the method of transmission, the symptoms, and prevention methods of the diseases
listed below:
(a) Gonorrhoea; (03 marks) (c) Candidiasis; (03 marks)
(b) Syphilis; (03 marks) (d) HIV/AIDS (06 marks
END

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