Permutations & Combinations - 10092024 - 142951
Permutations & Combinations - 10092024 - 142951
Permutations & Combinations - 10092024 - 142951
Fundamental principle of addition – If there are two jobs such that first work can be
performed independently in m number of ways and the second work independently can be done
in n number of ways, then either of the two jobs can be performed in (m + n ) ways.
If in n number of points, there are m collinear, then number of straight lines is given by
𝑛𝐶2 − 𝑚𝐶2 + 1
If a polygon has n number of vertices such that no three are collinear, then the number of diagonals
𝑛(𝑛−3)
can be given by 𝑛𝐶2 − 𝑛 = 2
If we have n points such that no three are collinear, then the number of triangles that can be
formed is given by 𝑛𝐶3 .
If we have n points out of which m are collinear, then the number of triangles that can be formed
is given by 𝑛𝐶3 − 𝑚𝐶3 .
Theorem: The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, where 0 < r ≤ n and the
objects do not repeat is n ( n – 1) ( n – 2). . .( n – r + 1). which is denoted by (𝑛𝑃𝑟 ).
1. Calculate how many numbers are there between 99 and 1000 having atleast one of
their digits 7? [Answer: 252]
2. A boy has 3 library tickets and 8 books of his interest in the library. Of these 8, he
does not want to borrow Mathematics Part II, unless Mathematics Part I is also
borrowed. In how many ways can he choose the three books to be
borrowed? [Answer: 41]
3. Given that 5 flags are of different colours. Calculate how many different signals
can be generated if each signal requires the use of 2 flags, one below the
other? [Answer: 20]
𝑛!
4. Compute , when n=5 and r=2. [Answer: 10]
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
5. Determine the number of permutations of the letters of the word
ALLAHABAD. [Answer: 7560]
6. How many automobile license plates can be made, if each plate contains two
different letters followed by three different digits? [Answer: 468000]
7. Find the number of different words that can be formed from the letters of the word
TRIANGLE, so that no vowels are together. [Answer: 14400]
8. A box contains two white, three black and four red balls. In how many ways can
three balls be drawn from the box, if at least one black ball is to be included in the
draw? [Answer: 64]
9. Find the 3-digit numbers that can be formed from the given digits: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
assuming that
a) digits can be repeated.
b) digits are not allowed to be repeated. [Answer:125, 60]
10.A coin is tossed 6 times, and the outcomes are noted. How many possible
outcomes can be there? [Answer:64]
11.From a team of 6 students, in how many ways can we choose a captain and vice-
captain assuming one person can not hold more than one position? [Answer:30]
12.How many words, with or without meaning, can be formed using all the letters of
the word EQUATION, using each letter exactly once? [Answer:40320]
13.How many words can be formed each of 2 vowels and 3 consonants from the
letters of the given word – DAUGHTER? [Answer:3600 ways]
14.It is needed to seat 5 boys and 4 girls in a row so that the girl gets the even places.
How many are such arrangements possible? [Answer:2880]
15.Find the number of 5-card combinations out of a deck of 52 cards if each selection
of 5 cards has exactly one king. [Answer:778320 ways]
16.Find the number of 6 digit numbers that can be formed by using the digits 0, 1, 3,
5, 7, and 9. These digits shall be divisible by 10, and no digit shall be repeated?
[Answer:120]
17.A bag contains 2 white balls, 3 black balls and 4 red balls. In how many ways can
3 balls be drawn from the bag if at least one black ball is to be included in the
draw? [Answer 64}
18. How many words can be formed from the letters of the word ‘SIGNATURE’ so
that the vowels always come together?[Answer:17280]
19.A college has 10 basketball players. A 5-member team and a captain will be
selected out of these 10 players. How many different selections can be made?
[Answer:1260]
20.When four fair dice are rolled simultaneously, in how many outcomes will at least
one of the dice show 3? [Answer:671]
21.A team of 8 students goes on an excursion, in two cars, of which one can seat 5
and the other only 4. In how many ways can they travel?[Answer:126]
22.There are 12 yes or no questions. How many ways can these be answered?
[Answer:𝟐𝟏𝟐 ]
23.There are 5 Mukesh songs, 6 Kishore songs and 3 Rafi songs. How many
different albums can be formed using the above repertoire if the albums should
contain at least 1 Mukesh and 1 Kishore song? [Answer:15624]
24. Three men have 4 coats, 5 waist coats and 6 caps. In how many ways can they wear them? (Ans.
172800)
25. Suppose 8 people enter an event in a swim meet. In how many ways could the gold, silver, and
bronze prizes be awarded? (Ans. 336)
26. A student appears in an objective test which contains 10 multiple choice questions. Each
question has four choices in which one is the correct option. What maximum number of different
answers can the student give? How will the answer change if each question may have more than
one correct answers? (Ans. 410 , 1510 )
27. There are 7 letters and 5 letter-boxes. In how many ways can you put the letters in the boxes?
(Ans 57 )
28. In how many ways can 10 rings be worn on 5 fingers? (Ans. 57 )
29. Determine the number of permutations of the letters of the word ‘SIMPLETION’ taken all at a
time. ( Ans. 181440)
30. Find the numbers between 300 and 3000 that can be formed with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,
where no digit is repeated in any number. (Ans 180)
31. How many words can be formed from the letters of the word ARTICLE, so that vowels occupy
the even places? (Ans. 144)
32. How many different words can be formed with the letters of the word ORDINATE so that (a)
Four vowels occupy the odd places (b) Beginning with O (c) Beginning with O and ending with
E. ( Ans. 576, 5040 ,720)
33. Find the number of ways in which 5 boys and 5 girls can be seated in a row so that (a) No two
girls may sit together. (b) All the girls sit together and all the boys sit together (c) All the girls
are never together. [(Ans. 5! × 6!, 2!(5! × 5!), 10! – (5! × 6!)]
34. The letters of the word OUGHT are written in all possible orders and these words are written
out as in a dictionary. Find the rank of the word TOUGH in this dictionary. (Ans. 89)
35. The number plates of cars must contain 3 letters of the alphabet denoting the place and area to
which its owner belongs. This is to be followed by a three-digit number. How many different
number plates can be formed if: (i) Repetition of letters and digits is not allowed. (ii) Repetition
of letters and digits is allowed. (Ans. 10108800, 15818400.)
36. In how many ways can the word VARIETY be arranged so that exactly 2 vowels are together?
HINT: (Total arrangements of VARIETY) – (Arrangements with no vowels together +
Arrangements with all the vowels together).