Aa¨vq-2 : (w¯’i Zwor)

Ávbg~jK cÖ‡kœvËit
cÖk-œ 1. Kzj¤^ ej KqwU k‡Z©i Dci wbf©i K‡i|

DËi: Kzj¤^ ej wZbwU k‡Z©i Dci wbf©i K‡i|

cÖk-œ 2. 1 d¨viv‡W mgvb KZ esu ?

DËi: 1 d¨viv‡W mgvb 910 9 esu |

cÖk-œ 3. k~b¨¯’v‡bi †f`bv‡hvM¨Zvi GKK Kx?

DËi: k~b¨¯’v‡bi †f`bv‡hvM¨Zvi GKK n‡jv C 2 N −1m −2 |

cÖk-œ 4. Zwor ej‡iLvi AeZviYv K‡ib †K?

DËi: Zwor ej‡iLvi AeZviYv K‡ib gvB‡Kj d¨viv‡W|

cÖk-œ 5. e× Avavb Kx?

DËi: Avweó cwievn‡Ki ‡h cÖvšÍ Av‡ekx e¯‘i wbK‡U _v‡K †mB cÖv‡šÍ †h Avav‡bi mÂvi nq Zv‡K e×
Avavb e‡j|

cÖk-œ 6. Avi‡Ki mgevq Kv‡K e‡j?

DËi: GkvwaK aviK‡K GK‡Î mshy³ K‡i e¨envi Kiv‡K avi‡Ki mgevq e‡j|

cÖk-œ 7. Zwor gva¨g Kv‡K e‡j?

DËi: †h mg¯Í c`v‡_©i ga¨ w`‡q PvR© ev Zwor cÖevwnZ nq ev cÖevwnZ n‡Z Pvq, Zv‡`i‡K Zwor gva¨g
e‡j|

cÖk-œ 8. Zwor gva¨g KZ cÖKvi?

DËi: Zwor gva¨g wZb cÖKvi|

cÖk-œ 9. AšÍwiZ Acwievwn Kx?

DËi: Zwor msKªvšÍ Kv‡R ‡h mKj c`v_© ms‡hvRK wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq †m¸‡jvB AšÍwiZ cwievnx|
cÖk-œ 10. Gm AvB c×wZ‡Z aviK‡Z¡i GKK Kx?

DËi: Gm AvB c×wZ‡Z aviK‡Z¡i GKK n‡jv d¨vivW|

Abyavebg~jK cª‡kœvËit
cÖk-œ 1. Zwor ‡ÿÎ ZË¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS?
DËi: GKwU PvwR©Z e¯‘ Zvi Pviw`‡K hZ`yi ch©šÍ Gi cÖfvi we¯Ívi K‡i A_©vr Ab¨ GKwU Pv‡R©i Dci
AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i †mB AÂj‡K PvwR©Z e¯‘i Zwor †ÿÎ e‡j| Zwor †ÿÎ GKwU †f±i
†ÿÎ| PvwR©Z e¯‘i PZyw`©‡K wewfbœ we›`y‡Z Gi wbw`©ó gvb I w`K Av‡Q| Zwor ‡ÿ‡Îi Gm AvB GKK
NC −1 |

cÖk-œ 2. Cwievnx‡Z Pv‡R©i Ae¯’vb e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi: Avgiv Rvwb, Acwievnx wKsev Kzcwievnxi †h As‡k PvR© cÖ`vb Kiv nq †m As‡kB Zv Ave×
_v‡K| PvR© Kzcwievnxi AY¨ As‡k PjvPj K‡i bv| Z‡e AšÍwiZ cwievnxi †h‡Kv‡bv As‡k PvR© cÖ`vb
Ki‡j mgagx© Pv‡R©i weKl©‡Yi Rb¨ Zv cwievnxi me©Î Qwo‡q c‡o Ges cwievnxi evB‡ii c„‡ô Ae¯’vb
K‡i| †fZ‡ii c„‡ô ev cwievnxi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z _v‡K bv|

cÖkœ-3. Zwor cÖve‡j¨i †f±i iæc †`LvI|

DËi: †Kv‡bv Zwor †ÿ‡Îi †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z GKwU GKK abvËK PvR© ¯’vcb Ki‡j Zvi Dci †h ej
cÖhy³ nq, Zv‡K H Zwor‡ÿ‡Îi Rb¨ D³ we›`yi Zwor †ÿÎ cÖevj¨ e‡j| G‡K E Øiv m~wPZ Kiv nq|
Zwor †ÿ‡Îi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z ¯’vwcZ + q 0 ciL Pv‡R©i Dci F ej wµqvkxj n‡j H we›`y‡Z Zwor
F.
cªve‡j¨i gvb n‡e, E=
q0
⎯⎯→
‡f±i iæc ⎯⎯→
E
= F

q0

cÖk-œ 4. e× Avab I gy³ Avavb ej‡Z Kx eyS?

DËi: Zwor Av‡e‡ki mgq cwievnxi †h cÖvšÍ Av‡ekx Avav‡bi wbK‡U _v‡K H cÖv‡šÍ Avavb Av‡ekx
Avav‡bi wecixZ nq| d‡j G‡`i g‡a¨ kw³kvjx AvKl©Y ej wµqv K‡i| Gi d‡j G cÖv‡šÍi Avavb ¯’vb
Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G Avavb‡K e× Avavb e‡j| Avevi `~ieZx© cÖv‡šÍ †h Avavb Avweó nq Zv Av‡ekx
Avav‡bi mgagx© nq| d‡j weKl©‡Yb Kvi‡Y G Avavb Av‡ekx Avavb †_‡K hZ`yi m¤¢e `~‡i †h‡Z Pvq|
ZvB G Avavb‡K gy³ Avavb e‡j|

cÖk-œ 5. †Kv‡bv cwievnxi PvR© + 1C ej‡Z Kx eyS?

1
DËi: †Kv‡bv cwievnxi PR© + 1C ej‡Z eySvq H cwievnx‡Z ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vi Zzjbvq ev,
1.6 10 −19
6.25  1018 wU B‡jKUªb NvUwZ i‡q‡Q|
1bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit
B‡jKwUªK¨vj BwÄwbqvis‡qi QvÎ wUUz GKwU mvwK©U ˆZwii D‡Ïk¨ 10 μF gv‡bi KZK¸‡jv aviK‡K
†kÖwY‡Z mshy³ Ki‡jv| AZtci †m GKB msL¨K aviK mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ K‡i mgvšÍivi mgevqwU‡K
†kÖwY mgev‡qi mv‡_ †kÖwY‡Z hy³ K‡i av‡i‡Ki GKwU e„nËi mgevq MVb Ki‡jv Ges GwU‡K 5V wefe
cv_©‡K¨i mv‡_ mshy³ Ki‡jv|
K) GKwU B‡jKUª‡bi PvR© KZ ?
L) PvwR©Z avi‡Ki kw³ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?
M) D‡jøwLZ gv‡bi PviwU aviK‡K †kÖwY‡Z mshy³ K‡i 5V wefe cv_©‡K¨i mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡j mwÂZ kw³
KZ n‡e ?
N) mgvšÍivj mgev‡q KZwU aviK mshy³ Ki‡j e„nËi mgevqwUi mwÂZ kw³i cwigvY 3.75×10-5 J
n‡e Zv MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g †`LvI|
DËit (K).
GKwU B‡jKUª‡bi PvR© -1.6×10-19C

DËit (L).
µgvMZ PwR©Z Kivi d‡j †Kv‡bv avi‡Ki AšÍwiZ cv‡Zi wef‡ei gvb µgk e„w× cvq Ges GK ch©v‡q
G wefe GKwU m¤ú„³ gv‡b †cŠQvq| PvR© mÂvwjZ nIqvi mgq aivKw¯’Z PvR© bevMZ PvR©¸‡jvi Dci
weKl©Y ej c‡ÖqvM K‡i| G weKl©Y e‡ji weiæ‡× PvR©‡K aviKwUi cv‡Z cvVv‡Z n‡j AwZwi³ wKQz KvR
Ki‡Z nq| aviKwU PvwR©ZKi‡Yi mgq PvR©¸‡jvi Dci †gvU K…ZKvR w¯’wZkw³iƒ‡c avi‡K mwÂZ nq|
GwU n‡jv PwR©Z avi‡Ki kw³|
DËit (M).
DÏxcK †_‡K cvB,
Avi‡Ki aviKZ¡, C=10 μF= 10 × 10-6F
GLb GB gv‡bi PviwU aviK‡K †kÖwY‡Z mshy³ Ki‡i G‡`i Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ n‡e,
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
CS C C C C
1 4
ev, =
CS C
C 10  10−6 F
 CS = = = 2.5  10−6 F
4 4
wefe cv_©K¨, 5V
1
mwÂZ kw³, U= C SV 2
2
1
=  2.5  10−6 F  (5V ) 2 = 3.125  10−5 J
2
AZGe, mwÂZ kw³ n‡e 3.125 10 −5 J
DËit (N).
g‡b Kwi, e„nËi mgvev‡qi mgvšÍivj Ask n msL¨vK aviK mshy³ Kiv n‡qwQj| †h‡nZz, mgvšÍivj
As‡k I †kÖwY mgevq As‡k mgvb msL¨vK aviK mshy³ Kiv n‡qwQj| AZGe, e„nËi mgev‡qi †kÖwY
mgev‡q As‡kI n msL¨vK aviK mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
DÏxcK †_‡K cvB, cÖwZwU avi‡Ki aviKZ¡, C=10μF
 mgvšÍivj mgevq AskwUi Zzj¨ aviKZ¡,
Cp=C + C + C + .....+ n msL¨K
 Cp=nC=n×10μF
GLb, †kÖwY AskwUi Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ CS n‡j,
1 1 1 1
= + + +..........+n msL¨vK
CS C C C
1 n
ev, =
CS C
C
 Cs
n
GLb, e„nË, mgevqwUi ‡gvU Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ C1 n‡j,
1 1 1
= +
C1 C p Cs
1 1 n
ev, = +
C1 nC C
n
1 1 n
ev, = +
C1 nC C
1 1 + n2
ev, =
C1 nC
nC n  10F
 C1 = =
1+ n 2
1 + n2
GLv‡b, mwÂZ kw³, U=3.75×10-5J
1
ev, C1V 2 = 3.75  10 −5
2
1 n
ev,  2  10  10−6  52 = 3.75  10−5
2 n +1
n
ev,  1.25  10−4 = 3.75  10−5
n +1
2

n 3.75  10 −5
ev, =
n 2 + 1 1.25  10 −4
n 3
ev, =
n + 1 10
2

ev, 3n2-10n+3=0
ev, 3n2-9n-n+3=0
ev, 3n(n-3) – 1( n- 3) = 0
ev, (n-3)= 0
nq, x-3=0 A_ev, 3x-1 = x
1
 x=3 x=
3
 1
 n = 3,
3
1
n c~Y©msL¨v e‡j n = 3 Ges n
3
AZGe, mgvšÍivj mgev‡q 3wU aviK mshy³ Ki‡j e„nËi mgevqwUi mwÂZ kw³i cwigvY 3.75×10-5
J n‡e|

2bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit

`ywU aviK‡K mgvšÍivj hy³ Ki‡j Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ 5 F Ges †kÖwY‡Z hy³ Ki‰j Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ nq 1.2 F|
K) wefe cv_©K¨ Kv‡K e‡j ?
L) mgwefe Z‡ji ‰ewkó¨ †jL|
M) aviK `ywUi aviKZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
N) aviKØq †kÖwY mgev‡q _vK‡j Zv‡`iZzj¨ aviKZ¡ †QvUwUi †Q‡qI †QvU n‡eÑ L_vwUi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY
Ki|
DËit (K).
Zwor †ÿ‡Îi Gkwe›`y †_‡K Aci we›U`y‡Z GKwU GKK abPvR©‡K ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z †h cwigvY KvR mvwaZ
nq Zv‡K H `yB we›`yi ga¨Kvi wefe cv_©K¨ e‡j|
DËit (L).
mgwefe Z‡ji ˆewkó¨ n‡jv
1. ZvwoZvwnZ cwievnxi Zj me©`v mgwefe Zj| G Z‡ji Dci ZwoZvavb¸‡jv w¯’i _v‡K|
2. Zwor ej‡iLv mgwefe Zj‡K mg‡Kv‡Y †Q` K‡i|
3. G Z‡ji Dci †Kv‡bv ZvwoZvavb‡K GKwe›`y †_‡K Aci we›`y‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv KvR
Ki‡Z nq bv|
DËit (M).
‡`Iqv Av‡Q, mgvšÍivj mgev‡q Zzj¨ aviKZ¡, Cp= 5 F Ges †kÖwY mgev‡q Zzj aviKZ¡ Cs=1.2F
g‡b Kwi, aviK¸‡jvi aviKZ¡ h_vµ‡g, C1 I C2
Avgiv Rvwb,
Cp=C1+C2…………………... (1)
1 1 1
= + ..................... (2)
CS C1 C2
(1) bs n‡Z cvB, 5= C1+C2 ………. (3)
(2) bs n‡Z cvB,
1 1 1
= +
1.2 C1 C2
1 C1 + C2
ev, =
1.2 C1C2
1 5
ev, =
1.2 C1C2
ev, C1C2= 5 ×1.2 = 6
GLb, (3) bs †_‡K cvB,
6 6 6 + C2
C1 = ev, 5= + C2 =
C2 C2 C2
ev, 5C2= 6 + C22
ev, C22-5C2+6 = 0
ev, C22-3C2-2C2+6= 0
ev, C2(C2-3)-2 (C2 -3) = 0
ev, (C2 – 3) (C2 – 2) 0
nq C2- 3 = 0 A_ev, C2 – 2 = 0
ev, C2= 3 ev, C2= 3
 C2= 3, 2
6
GKb, C2= 3 n‡j cvB, C1 = =2
3
6
Ges C2= 3 n‡j cvB, C1 = =3
2
AZGe, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z aviK aviKZ¡ C1 = 3 F ev 2 F ; C2 = 2 F 3 F|
DËit (N)
Avgiv Rvwb, †kÖwY m¾vi AšÍf©y³ aviK¸‡jvi aviK‡Z¡i wecixZ gv‡bi mgwó Zzj¨ avi‡Ki aiZ‡Z¡i
wecixZ gv‡bi mgvb e‡i `ywU aviK †kÖwY mgev‡q _vK‡j Zv‡`i Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ †QvUwUi †P‡q †QvU nq|
we‡kølYt awi, DÏxc‡Ki aviK `ywUi gvb h_vµ‡g C1 Ges C2 †`Iqv Av‡Q| †kÖwY mgev‡qi Zzj¨
aiKZ¡ Cs=1.2 F Ges mgvšÍivj mgev‡qi Zzj¨ aiKZ¡ Cp=5 F
 Zzj¨ aviK‡Z¡i msÁv †_‡K cvB,
C1+C2= 5 .................. (1)
1 1 1
Ges + = ..............(2)
C1 C2 1.2
C2 + C1 1
ev, =
C1C2 1.2
5 1
ev, = [ (1) bs mgxKiY n‡Z]
C1C2 1.2
ev, C1 C2 = 6
6
ev, C1 =
C2
6
GLb, + C2 = 5 [ (1) bs mgxKiY n‡Z]
C2
6 + C2
2
ev, =5
C2
ev, 6 + C22 = 5C2
ev, C22 – 5C2+ 6 = 0
ev, (C2 = 3) (C2- 2) = 0
 C2= 3,2
GLb, C2 = 3 n‡j, C1= 2
C2 = 2 n‡j, C1= 3
A_©vr, aviK؇qi gvb h_vµ‡g 3 F I 2 F GLv‡b †`Lv hvq †h, †QvU aviKwUi gvb 2 F hv †kÖwY
mgev‡qi Zzj¨ aviK‡Z¡i gv‡bi †P‡q eo|
 A_©vr Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ Cp< †QvU avi‡Ki gvb
AZGe, Dc‡iv³ we‡kølY †_‡K ¯úó †h, `ywU aviK †kÖwY mgev‡q Zv‡`i Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ †QvUwUi †P‡q
†QvU nq|

3bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit

wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Kit

K) aviK Kv‡K e‡j ?

L) †Kvb avi‡Ki aviKZ¡ 100μF ej‡Z Kx eyS ?
M) Dc‡ii mgwš^Z avi‡Ki Rb¨ †gvU mwÂZ kw³ wbY©q Ki|
N) †ewk PvR© mwÂZ Kivi Rb¨ Dc‡ii mgevqwU Kx mwVK ? MvwYwZK we‡køl‡bi gva¨‡g DËi `vI|
DËit (K).
KvQvKvwQ ¯’vwcZ `ywU cwievnxi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b AšÍiK c`v_© †i‡L Zwor Avavbiƒ‡c kw³ mÂq K‡i ivLvi
hvwš¿K †KŠkj‡K aviK e‡j|
DËit (L).
‡Kv‡bv cwievnxi Zwor wefe GK GKK e„w× Ki‡Z Gi g‡a¨ †h cwigvY PvR© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq, Zv‡K H
cwievnxi aviKZ¡ e‡j|
‡Kv‡bv avi‡Ki aviKZ¡ 100μ F ej‡Z eySvq H avi‡Ki wefe 1 V evov‡Z 100 μ C Pv‡R©i
cÖ‡qvRb|
DËit (M).
DÏxc‡K C1 Ges C2 aviKÎq †kÖwY mgev‡q mshy³|
myZivs Zv‡`i Zzj¨ aiKZ¡ Cs n‡j, Avgiv Rvwb,
1
=
1
+
1
+
1 GLv‡b,
Cs C1 C2 C3 C1 = 4F
ev, =1 1
+
1
+
1 C2 = 8F
Cs 4F 8F 10F C3 = 10F
1 10 + 5 + 4
ev, =
Cs 40F

ev, 1 = 19
Cs 40F
40
 Cs = μF= 40 ×10-6F
19 19
 DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ aviK mgev‡qi Rb¨ †gvU mwÂZ kw³i gvb,
U = 1 CsV 2 GLv‡b,
2 V = 100V
1 40 −6
=   10 F  (100V ) 2

2 19
= 0.0105 J
 ‡gvU mwÂZ kw³i gvb 0.0105 J |
DËit (N).
ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB, aviKÎ †kÖwY‡Z hy³ _vK‡j mgevqwUi Rb¨ †gvU mwÂZ kw³i gvb 0.0105 J |
Avevi, aviKÎq mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ _vK‡j,
Zzj¨ aviKZ¡, Cp= C1+C2+C3
= (4+ 8+ 10) μF = 22 μF = 22× 10-6 F
 aviKÎq mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ _vK‡j mgevqwUi Rb¨ †gv mwÂZ kw³i gvb,
1
Up = C pV 2
2
1
=  22  10 − 6 F  (100V ) 2
2
= 0.11J
GLb, mgevqwUi aviKÎq hw` me¸‡jv ‡kÖwY‡Z ev me¸‡jv mgvšÍiv‡j bv mwR‡q `ywU aviK †kÖwY‡Z
GKwU mgvšÍiv‡j wKsev `ywU aviK mgvšÍiv‡j GKwU †kÖwY‡Z mvRv‡bv nq Z‡e Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mwÂZ kw³i
gvb 0.0105 J Ges 0.11J Gi gv‡S Ae¯’vb Ki‡e|
 Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, AwaK kw³ m‡qi Rb¨ Dc‡ii mgevqwUi aviKÎq mgvšÍiv‡j web¨¯Í Ki‡Z
n‡e|

4bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit

GLv‡b, C1 = 2 μF; C2 = 8 μF; C3 = 10 μF

K) d¨vivW Kv‡K e‡j ?
L) 6.5 e Avavb cvIqv m¤¢e bq Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) 1 bs wP‡Î e¨e¯’vwU‡Z †gvU mwÂZ kw³i cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
N) DÏxc‡Ki 1bs I 2bs e¨e¯’vi Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ b~b¨Zg aviK‡Z¡i †P‡q h_vµ‡g †ewk I Kg
MvwYwZKfv‡e Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki|
DËit (K).
‡Kv‡bv aviK‡K GK Kzj¤^ PvR© cÖ`vb Ki‡j hw` Gi wefe GK †fvë e„w× cvq Z‡e D³ avi‡Ki aviZ¡‡K
GK d¨vivW ev ms‡ÿ‡c d¨vivW e‡j|
DËit (L).
weÁvbx‡`i wewfbœ cixÿv n‡Z cÖvgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, PvR© wbiwew”Qbœ bq, GKwU b~b¨Zg gv‡bi c~Y© msL¨vi
MywYZK| G b~b¨Zg PvR© n‡”Q GKwU B‡jKUªb ev GKwU †cvÖU‡bi PvR© Ges Gi gvb 1.6×10-19C| GB
PvR©‡K hw` e Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq Zvn‡j †Kv‡bv e¯‘i †gvU PvR© q = ± ne †jLv hvq|
GLv‡b, n n‡”Q GKwU c~Y© msL¨v| †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡Z Pv‡R©i gvb wbiew”Qbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv| A_vr 6.5 e Avavb
cvIqv m¤¢e bq|
DËit (M).
1 bs wP‡Î, wZbwU aviKZ¡ C1, C2 Ges C3 mgvšÍivj mgev‡q mshy³ Av‡Q|
myZivs Zv‡`i Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ Cp n‡j,
Cp = C1 + C2+ C3 DÏxc‡K,
 = (2+8+10) μ F C1= 2μ F
= 20 μ F C2= 8μ F
= 20 × 10 F-6
C3= 10μ F
Ges wefe cv_©K¨, V= 100V
 e¨e¯’vwU‡Z †gvU mwÂZ kw³i cwigvY,
1
U = C pV 2
2
1
=  20  10 − 6 F  (100 ) 2
2
= 0.1J
A_©vr 1bs wP‡Î e¨e¯’vwU‡Z †gvU mwÂZ kw³i cwigvY 0.1J
DËit (N).
DÏxc‡Ki 1bs wP‡Î C1, C2 Ges C3 mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ nIqvh ÔMÕ bs n‡Z cvB, Zv‡`i Zzj¨
aviKZ¡,
Cp = C1 + C2+ C3
= 20μ F

GLv‡b, Cp˃ C1, Cp˃ C2, Cp˃ C3|

A_©vr mgvšÍiv‡j mgev‡q Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ aviKmg~‡ni †h‡Kv‡bv aviK‡`i b~b¨Zg aviK‡Z¡i †P‡q ‡ewk|
Avevi, DÏxc‡Ki 2bs wP‡Î C1, C2 Ges C3 †kÖwY mgev‡q mshy³ nIqvq Zv‡`i Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ Cs n‡j,
1 1 1 1
= + +
Cs C1 C2 C3
C1 = 2 F 
1 
C2 = 8F 
1 1 1
ev, = + + 
Cs 2F 8F 10F
C3 = 10F 
1 20 + 5 + 4
ev, =
Cs 40F
1 29
ev, = F −1
Cs 40
29
Cs = F −1
40
= 1.38 μF
GLv‡b .. Cs<C1, Cs< C2 Ges Cs< C3|
A_©vr †kÖwY mgev‡q Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ aviKmg~‡ni †h‡Kv‡bv avi‡‡Ki b~b¨Zg aviK‡Z¡i †P‡q Kg|
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, 1bs I 2bs e¨e¯’vi Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ b~b¨Zg aviK‡Z¡i †P‡q h_vµ‡g †ewk I Kg|

cÖ¨vKwUm Askt- m„Rbkxj iPbvg~jK cÖktœ

1| wP‡Î `ywU mgvšÍivj cvZaviK †`Lv‡bv nj:
 cv‡Zi †ÿÎdj = 4cm2 cv‡Zi †ÿÎdj = 2cm2
(K) wP‡Î (i) cvZ؇qi wefe 2V n‡j avi‡K mwÂZ kw³i cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
(L) (i) I (ii) wP‡Îi avi‡Ki cvZ¸wj‡K wKfv‡e ¯’vcb Ki‡j Dfq avi‡Ki aviK‡Z¡i gvb mgvb
n‡e? MvwYwZK we‡kølY Ki|

2| wb‡Pi eZ©bxwU jÿ¨ Ki:

(K) C2 avi‡K Pv‡R©i cwigvY KZ?

(L) eZ©bxi C2 I C3 †K †kÖwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j mwÂZ kw³i cwigvY evo‡e wKbv hvPvB Ki|
3| wb‡Pi eZ©bxwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

(K) eZ©bxwUi Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ wbY©q Ki|

(L) eZ©bxwUi mKj aviK‡K mgvšÍiv‡j ms‡hvM Ki‡j cÖvß mwÂZ kw³, cÖ`Ë eZ©bxi mwÂZ kw³
A‡cÿv †ewk bv Kg n‡e-MvwYwZK hyw³ Øviv †`LvI|
4| c`v_©weÁvb j¨ve‡iUix‡Z GKRb QvÎ 0.2m I 0.3m e¨vmv‡a©i `ywU †MvjK‡K PvwR©Z K‡i,
`ywUi wefe h_vµ‡g 5V I 5V G DbœxZ K‡i ci¯úi n‡Z 1m `~i‡Z¡ ¯’cb Kij|
(K) DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g †Mvj‡Ki Pv‡R©i cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
(L) ‡MvjK؇qi ms‡hvM mij‡iLvi †Kv_vq cÖve‡j¨i gvb k~b¨ n‡e MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
†`LvI|
5| wb‡Pi wP‡Î A I B †K›`ªwewkó `ywU †MvjK evqy gva¨‡g ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b
Q1=210–9, Q2 = 310–9, r1 = 2m Ges AB =

(K) DÏxc‡K BD Gi ga¨we›`y‡Z †gvU Zvwor wefe wbY©q Ki|

(L) C we›`y‡Z GKwU GKK abvZ¥K Avavb ¯’vcb Ki‡j Dnv †Kvbw`‡K MwZkxj n‡e?-MvwYwZKfv‡e
we‡kølY Ki|
6| wb‡Pi wP‡Î `ywU aviK †`Iqv Av‡Q:

(K) wPÎ-1 G aviKZ¡ KZ?

(L) wPÎ-2 (K= 5) civ‰e`y¨wZK c`v_© ¯’vcb Kiv n‡j aviKwUi aviK‡Z¡i wKi~c cwieZ©b n‡e
MvwYwZK hyw³i mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI|
7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR hvi cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨
3 wgUvi| cÖ_‡g A we›`y‡Z 250 Kzj¤^ PvR© ivLv n‡jv| cieZx©‡Z B we›`y‡Z –250 Kzj¤^ PvR© ivLv
n‡jv|
(K) cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î C we›`y‡Z wefe KZ n‡e?
(L) B we›`y‡Z PvR© ivLvi c~‡e© I c‡i C we›`y‡Z Zwor cÖve‡j¨i Kxi~c cwieZ©b n‡e Zvi MvwYwZK
cÖgvY `vI|
8|
 Dc‡ii wP‡Î A I B Dfq we›`y‡ZB 100C PvR© †`qv Av‡Q|
(K) ÔCÕ we›`yi Zwor cÖve‡j¨i gvb wbY©q Ki|
(L) ÔCÕ we›`yi Zwor cÖve‡j¨i w`K †Kvb w`‡K n‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
9| wb‡Pi eZ©bxwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

(K) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ aviK mgev‡qi Rb¨ cÖwZwU avi‡K mwÂZ Pv‡R©i cwigvY KZ?
(L) me©vwaK kw³ m‡qi Rb¨ Dc‡ii mgevqwU wK h_v_©? MvwbwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki|
10| DÏxc‡K + 49 C Pv‡R© PvwR©Z 1mg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘‡K f‚wgi 1mg mgvšÍivj e¨eav‡b ¯’vwcZ
`ywU avZe †cø‡Ui gv‡S Djø¤^fv‡e iwÿZ mylg Zwor‡ÿ‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q Abyf‚wgK eivei k~Y¨¯’v‡b GK
cÖvšÍ n‡Z Aci cÖv‡šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z MwZkxj Kiv nj| (g = 9.8ms–2)

(K) A ‡cøU n‡Z B ‡cøU PvwR©Z e¯‘‡K miv‡bv n‡j G‡Z wK cwigvY Zwor kw³ mwÂZ n‡e?
(L) DÏxc‡Ki PvR©wU wK Abyf‚wgK eivei MwZkxj _vK‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? Dˇii mc‡ÿ
MvwYwZK we‡kølY †`LvI|
11|
 (K) wPÎ-1 G A we›`y‡Z Zwor cÖvej¨ wbY©q Ki|
(L) wP‡Î-2 Gi A we›`y‡Z Ges wPÎ-1 Gi A we›`y‡Z Zwor cÖve‡j¨i gv‡bi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e
wKbv MvwYwZKfv‡e †`LvI|
12| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: A Ges B `ywU avZe †MvjK hv‡`i e¨vmva©
h_vµ‡g r1I r2 Ges PvR© Q1I Q2

(K) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †MvjK؇qi ZjgvwÎK Nb‡Z¡i Zzjbv Ki|

(L) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †MvjKØq‡K ci¯úi ms¯ú‡k© Avbv n‡j †Kvb †MvjK, Kx cwigvY PvR© w`‡e
bv wb‡e- MvwYwZK ‡hŠw³KZvmn we‡kølY Ki|
13| wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki:

(K) eZ©bxwUi Zzj¨ avi³ wbY©q Ki|

(L) cÖ‡Z¨KwU avi‡K mwÂZ Avavb mgvb n‡e wK? MvwYwZK hyw³mnKv‡i hvPvB Ki|
14| wb‡Pi wPÎ `ywU ch©‡eÿY Ki Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

(K) A ‡Mvj‡Ki c„ô †_‡K 0.3m `~‡i Zwor wefe wbY©q Ki|
(L) ‡MvjK `ywU‡K cwievnx Zvi Øviv hy³ Ki‡j Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡e Kx? MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
DËi `vI|
15| wb‡¤œi eZ©bxwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vIt
 (K) Dc‡iv³ DÏxc‡K eM©‡ÿÎwUi †K‡›`ª Zwor wefe wbY©q Ki|
(L) DÏxc‡Ki O we›`y‡Z Zwor cÖve‡j¨i gvb I w`K MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g DËi `vI|
16| ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ 10cm| wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kvbvq wZbwU PvR© †`Iqv
n‡jv| O wÎfz‡Ri gva¨‡g|

(K) B I C we›`yi Pv‡R©i Rb¨ A we›`y‡Z cÖve‡j¨i gvb wbY©q Ki|

(L) A we›`yi PvR©‡K O we›`‡Z Avb‡Z K…ZKvR wbY©‡q MvwYwZK we‡kølYmn gZvgZ `vI|
17| 3cm Ges 8cm e¨vmv‡a©i `ywU †Mvj‡Ki g‡a¨ h_vµ‡g 410–9C Ges 1610–19C Avavb
¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| GB `ywU †MvjK‡K hw` GKwU cwievnx Zvi Øviv mshy³ Kiv nq| †hLv‡b gva¨‡g
†f`b¨Zv 8.8510–12N–1m–2 |
(K) Dc‡ii DÏxc‡Ki †MvjK `ywU‡K mshy³ Kivi ci mvaviY wefe wbY©q Ki|
(L) Dc‡ii DÏxc‡Ki †Mvjxq aviKØq cwievnx Zvi Øviv mshy³ Kivi ci †`LvI †h GKwU †_‡K
Ab¨wU‡Z Avavb cÖevwnZ n‡e Ges cÖevwnZ Avav‡bi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
18|

(K) Zwor w؇cv‡ji Rb¨ P we›`y‡Z wefe wbY©q Ki|

(L) A we›`yi Pv‡R©i cwigvY wظY Ki‡j O we›`y †_‡K KZ `~‡ii we›`y‡Z PvR© `ywUi Rb¨ †gvU Zwor
cÖvej¨ k~b¨ n‡e Zv wbY©q Ki|
19|
 (K) DÏxc‡Ki A we›`y‡Z Zwor wefe KZ n‡e?
(L) DÏxc‡Ki O we›`y‡Z Zwor cÖve‡j¨i gvb MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g DËi `vI|
20|

(K) A we›`y‡Z ¯’vwcZ Avav‡bi Rb¨ C we›`y‡Z Zwor cÖvej¨ KZ n‡e?

(L) A I B we›`y‡Z ¯’vwcZ Avav‡bi Rb¨ C we›`y‡Z †h jwä Zwor cÖvej¨ cvIqv hv‡e Zvi gvb E1I
E2 Gi mv‡_ KZUzKz wfbœ n‡e- MvwYwZK wnmve mn †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
21| wP‡Î A, B I C GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU †KŠwYK we›`y hvi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2m|
wÎfz‡Ri A I B we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g +6C Ges -6C PvR© ¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv|

(K) C we›`y‡Z cÖve‡j¨i gvb I w`K wbY©q K‡iv|

(L) DÏxc‡Ki AI B Dfq we›`y‡ZB abvZ¥K 6c PvR© ¯’vcb Ki‡j C we›`y‡Z cÖve‡j¨i gvb I
w`‡Ki Kx cwieZ©b n‡e Zv MvwYwZKfv‡e wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ gZvgZ `vI|
22|

(K) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K D we›`y‡Z Zwor cÖvej¨ wbY©q K‡iv|

(L) "O we›`y n‡Z GKB `~i‡Z¡i Aÿw¯’Z C we›`yi cÖvej¨ j¤^ wØLÛ¯’ D we›`yi cÖve‡j¨i Zzjbvq
†ewkÓ-DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evK¨wUi h_v_©Zv MvwYwZK we‡kølY K‡i †`LvI|
23| c`v_©weÁvb wefv‡Mi `yRb QvÎ GKwU M‡elYvq GKwU PvwR©Z †Mvj‡Ki avZe cwievnx e¨envi
K‡i hvi Pv‡R©i cwigvY 20C Ges e¨vmva© wQj 12 cm|
(K) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †MvjwUi aviKZ¡ wbY©q K‡iv|
(L) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †MvjKwUi c„ô I †K‡›`ª Zwor wefe †Kgb n‡e? h_vh_ we‡kølY K‡iv|
24|

(K) Zv‡`i ms‡hvRK †iLvi ga¨ we›`y‡Z Zwor cÖve‡j¨i gvb I w`K wbY©q K‡iv|
(L) hw` B we›`y‡Z +2c Gi cwie‡Z© -2c PvR© ¯’vcb Kiv nq Z‡e jwä cÖve‡j¨i gvb †Kv_vq k~b¨
n‡e Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? MvwYwZKfv‡e wbY©q K‡iv|
25|

(K) eZ©bx‡Z mwÂZ kw³i cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv|

(L) C2 I C3 aviK‡K †kÖwY mgev‡q ms‡hvM Ki‡j †gvU mwÂZ kw³i cwieZ©b n‡e wKbv MvwYwZK
we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv K‡iv|
26| evqy gva¨‡g 2C I -2C PvR© `ywU ci¯úi n‡Z 4cm `~‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i GKwU PvR© wm‡÷g MVb
K‡i| PvR© `ywUi ms‡hvM †iLvi ga¨we›`y n‡Z Aÿ‡iLv eivei abvZ¥K Pv‡R©i w`‡K 30cm `~‡i
GKwU we›`y P Aew¯’Z|
(K) DÏxcKwUi P we›`ywU‡Z Zwor cÖvej¨ wbY©q K‡iv|
(L) DÏxc‡Ki PvR© wm‡÷gwUi j¤^ wØLÛ‡Ki Dci †h‡Kvb `ywU we›`yi g‡a¨ †Kvb PvR© ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z
KvR m¤úv`b n‡e wKbv- MvwYwZK we‡kølY K‡iv|
27| GKwU evqyc~Y© mgvšÍivj cvZ avi‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡Zi †ÿÎdj 0.2m2 Ges cvZ؇qi e¨eavb
0.8cm| aviKwU GKwU 120V e¨vUvwii mv‡_ hy³ Kiv nj| AZtci GKevi e¨vUvwii ms‡hvM
wew”Qbœ K‡i cvZ؇qi `~iZ¡ wØMyY Kiv nj Ges Av‡iKevi e¨vUvwii ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ bv K‡i cvZ؇qi
`~iZ¡ wظY Kiv nj|
(K) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z aviKwUi aviKZ¡ KZ?
(L) DÏxc‡K cvZ `ywUi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ e„w×i mgq †Kvb †ÿ‡Î mwÂZ kw³ †ewk n‡e? MvwYwZK
we‡køl‡Yi wfwˇZ gZvgZ `vI|
28| 3F, 3F Ges 3F aviK‡Z¡i wZbwU aviK‡K GKwU ˆe`y¨wZK eZ©bx‡Z hy³ Kiv n‡jv|
(K) mg‡qi m‡e©v”P Ges me©wb¤œ aviKZ¡ AbycvZ wbY©q Ki|
(L) aviK wZbwU Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j Zzj¨ aviKZ 5F¡ n‡e? GKB iKg GKwU eZ©bx A¼b Ki Ges
e¨vL¨v Ki|
29| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv:

(K) ‡MvjK؇qi ga¨eZx© ¯’v‡b Zwor wefe wbY©q K‡iv|

(L) ‡MvjKØq‡K ¯úk© K‡i Avevi ¯^¯’v‡b †i‡L A ‡Mvj‡Ki †K›`ª n‡Z 50cm `~‡i B ‡Mvj‡Ki
w`‡K ms‡hvRb †iLvi Dci jwã cÖvej¨ KZ n‡e hvPvB K‡iv|
30| wP‡Î A I B `ywU avZe †MvjK G‡`i Pv‡R„i cwigvc h_vµ‡g –9C Ges +16C | G‡`i‡K evqy
gva¨‡g 8cm `~‡i ¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv|

(K) PvwR©Z †MvjK ؇qi ms‡hvRb mij †iLvi ga¨ we›`y‡Z wefe wbY©q Ki|
(L) wP‡Î +16c Pv‡R©i cwie‡Z© +9C PvR© ¯’vcb Kiv n‡j ms‡hvRb mij †iLvi ga¨we›`y n‡Z Dj¥¤^
eivei, 0.5m `~‡i cÖve‡j¨i cÖK…wZ we‡kølY Ki|
31| 1C PvR© I 0.6m e¨vmwewkó KZ¸‡jv †MvjvKvi cvwbi †duvUv GKwÎZ K‡i GKwU eo †MvjK
cwiYZ Kiv n‡jv| G‡Z eo I †QvU †MvjKwUi ZjgvwÎK Nb‡Z¡i AbycvZ n‡jv 3:1
(K) ‡QvU cvwbi †duvUvi msL¨v wbY©q K‡iv|
(L) ewY©Z eo †dvUvwUi wefe wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e wK-bv? MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g †`LvI|
32|

Dc‡ii wP‡Î q1 =12nC, q2 = 20nC, q3 = 12nC I q3 = 16nC PvR©¸‡jv ci¯úi wew”Qbœ

Ges d=1.3m|
(K) DÏxcK Abymv‡i o we›`y‡Z Zwor wefe wbY©q K‡iv|
(L) DÏxcK Abymv‡i B e¯‘‡K f‚mshy³ Ki‡j O we›`‡Z Zwor wefe Kx c~‡e©i Zzjbvq n«vm cv‡e?
MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g †`LvI|
33|

(K) A I B Gi ga¨we›`y‡Z wefe wbY©q Ki|

 (L) C we›`y‡Z ˆe`y¨wZK cÖve‡j¨i gvb †Kgb n‡e? Zv MvwYwZK we‡kølY c~e©K wjL|
34|

(K) wP‡Î GKwU mgvšÍivj cvZ aviK †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hvi cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡Îi †ÿÎdj 0.05m2 Ges
cvZ؇qi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ 3cm | aviKwUi cvZ؇qi g‡a¨ evqy ivLv Av‡Q| k~b¨ gva¨‡gi ev evqy
gva¨‡gi Zwor †f`b †hvM¨Zv 8.85410–12C–1m–2.
(K) DÏxc‡Ki aviKwUi aviKZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
(L) DÏxc‡Ki aviKwUi aviKZ¡ †Kvb Dcv‡q ev¯Í‡e 2F Kiv m¤¢e Kxbv hv_h_ MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g hvPvB Ki|
35| cvk¦eZ©x wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges wb‡Pi cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi `vI|

(K) C2 avi‡Ki Pv‡R©i cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv|

(L) C1 I C2 ‡kÖwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j eZ©bxi kw³i †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|