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    of 3

    31 Oct 2024, 20:20

    Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into


    pyruvate, releasing energy.

    *Steps of Glycolysis:*

    1. Glucose phosphorylation (Glucose → Glucose-6-


    phosphate)
    2. Phosphoglucose isomerase (Glucose-6-phosphate →
    Fructose-6-phosphate)
    3. Aldolase (Fructose-6-phosphate → Fructose-1,6-
    bisphosphate)
    4. Triosephosphate isomerase (Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
    → Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
    5. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
    (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate)
    6. Phosphoglycerate kinase (1,3-bisphosphoglycerate → 3-
    phosphoglycerate)
    7. Phosphoglycerate mutase (3-phosphoglycerate → 2-
    phosphoglycerate)
    8. Enolase (2-phosphoglycerate → Enolpyruvate)
    9. Pyruvate kinase (Enolpyruvate → Pyruvate)

    *Key Enzymes:*

    1. Hexokinase (glucose phosphorylation)


    2. Phosphofructokinase (fructose-6-phosphate
    phosphorylation)
    phosphorylation)
    3. Pyruvate kinase (pyruvate formation)

    *Regulation:*

    1. Feedback inhibition (ATP, NADH, citrate)


    2. Allosteric regulation (phosphofructokinase)
    3. Hormonal regulation (insulin, glucagon)

    *Importance:*

    1. Energy production (2 ATP, 2 NADH)


    2. Pyruvate production (entry into citric acid cycle)
    3. Cellular respiration
    4. Glucose metabolism

    *Types of Glycolysis:*

    1. Aerobic glycolysis (oxygen present)


    2. Anaerobic glycolysis (oxygen absent)
    3. Fermentation (lactate or ethanol production)

    *Diseases Related to Glycolysis:*

    1. Glycogen storage diseases


    2. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
    3. Cancer (altered glycolysis)

    *Related Metabolic Pathways:*


    *Related Metabolic Pathways:*

    1. Citric acid cycle


    2. Pentose phosphate pathway
    3. Gluconeogenesis

    Would you like information on specific enzymes, regulation,


    or related pathways?

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