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    08 CHEM X ICSE Ammonia

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    08 CHEM X ICSE Ammonia

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    08 CHEM X ICSE Ammonia

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    of 3

    FALGUNI MISS

    CHEMISTRY SUMMARY

    08. AMMONIA. 2023 – 24.

    ➢ Scope:
    o Laboratory preparation of ammonia from ammonium chloride, from
    nitrides like Mg3N2 & AlN & ammonium salts & its collection.
    o Industrial manufacture by Haber’s process.
    o Properties: Density, solubility of ammonia [Fountain experiment];
    Aqueous solution reactions, reaction with hydrogen chloride & with
    hot copper [II] oxide & chlorine; burning of Ammonia in oxygen.
    o Uses of ammonia.

    ➢ Ammonia: Alkaline air.

    ➢ Occurrence: Occurs naturally in urine, decomposition of organic matter,


    small quantities in atmospheric air and natural waters.

    ➢ Chemical Properties:
    1. Combustibility Non-combustible nor a supporter of combustion.
    Ammonia with oxygen undergoes burning and catalytic oxidation.
    Burning Green or greenish yellow
    4NH3 + 3O2 → flame.
    2N2 + 6H2O

    Catalytic oxidation Colourless NO gives reddish


    𝑃𝑡, 800℃ brown NO2.
    4NH3 + 5O2 →
    4NO + 6H2O Pt emits reddish glow.
    Pt continuous to glow after the
    heating is discontinued as the
    reaction is exothermic.

    Falguni Thakker 03, Sapna bldg. S.V Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 56. Tel 9820428493 Page 1
    FALGUNI MISS
    2.Action of Indicator Original Colour Final Colour
    indicators
    Litmus Red Blue

    Methyl orange Orange Yellow

    Phenolphthalein Colourless Pink

    Phenolphthalein Pink Pink


    (alkaline)

    3. Basic Nature. - An aqueous solution of ammonia is basic in nature.


    - Dry ammonia gas or liquid ammonia is neutral to dry litmus.
    - Ammonia when added to water ionizes water to H+, OH-
    - Formation of OH- gives ammonia its basic nature.
    - NH3 + H2O → NH4OH ; NH4OH ⇌ NH4+ + OH−
    - Liquor ammonia/ liquor ammonia fortis a weak base, as it undergoes partial
    dissociation to give hydroxyl ions [OH1-] in low concentration.
    a. Neutralization NH3 neutralize acids to give salt / salt & water.
    NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
    NH3 + HNO3 → NH4NO3
    2NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4
    NH4OH + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O
    NH4OH + HNO3 → NH4NO3 + H2O
    2NH4OH + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O
    b. *Ammonium Equation Colour of Solubility
    hydroxide precipitate in excess
    precipitates
    hydroxides of FeSO4 + 2NH4OH → (NH4)2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 Dirty green Insoluble
    metals from their FeCl3 + 3NH4OH→ 3NH4Cl + Fe(OH)3 Reddish Insoluble
    soluble salt brown
    solution.
    Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH → 2NH4NO3 + Pb(OH)2 White Insoluble
    (Curdy)

    ZnSO4 + 2NH4OH → (NH4)2SO4 + Zn(OH)2 White Soluble


    [ZnSO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH → [Zn(NH3)4]SO4 + (Gelatinous)
    4H2O]

    (*Cation chart CuSO4 +2NH4OH → (NH4)2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 Pale blue Soluble;


    given at the end) [CuSO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH → [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + gives deep
    4H2O] inky blue
    solution
    The precipitates formed are hydroxides of distinctive colour and nature hence
    ammonium hydroxide is used in quantitative analysis for identifying cations.

    Falguni Thakker 03, Sapna bldg. S.V Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 56. Tel 9820428493 Page 2
    FALGUNI MISS
    4. Reducing 1.Ammonia reduces heated metallic
    Action oxides to metals:
    2NH3 + 3CuO → 3Cu + 3H2O + N2
    2NH3 + 3PbO → 3Pb + 3H2O + N2
    Observation:
    1. Black CuO to pink Cu
    2. Buff yellow PbO to grey Pb
    2.Ammonia reduces Cl2: Observation:
    8NH3 (excess) + 3Cl2 → 6NH4Cl + N2 NH3 – Colourless gas
    NH3 + 3Cl2 (excess) → 3HCl + NCl3 Cl2 – Greenish yellow gas
    NH3 is oxidized by a metal oxide [CuO, PbO] NCl3 – Yellow explosive liquid
    and by a gas chlorine. NH4Cl – Dense white fumes.
    5. Thermal ∆ On heating ammonium chloride
    NH4Cl → NH3 + HCl
    dissociation Reversible reaction undergoes thermal dissociation to
    form ammonia and HCl.

    ONLINE YEAR LONG ICSE Std IX & X GLOBAL


    STUDY PROGRAM FOR THE YEAR 2023 – 24
    2024 - 25 PRIORITY BATCH REGISTRATION IN PROGRESS

    ONLINE PROGRAMS AVAILABLE FOR STD IX AND X:


    Regular, Live Test Series, GC Test Series and Prelim paper discussion sessions.

    YOU CAN BE IN ANY ICSE SCHOOL IN INDIA AND ABROAD.

    Conducted by:

    Ms. Falguni Thakker - B.Ed., Food Technologist.


    Introduction:

    Teaching MATHS and SCIENCE since 1990.

    Ex. Junior Scientist.

    Trainer of ICSE school teachers.

    Author of Key Point, Check Point and Final Revision Papers for Math

    Falguni Thakker 03, Sapna bldg. S.V Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 56. Tel 9820428493 Page 3

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