NETWORK AnALYSTS

furus Cure
fouret cuent ourcoj, -e./ to
veltage -crent charoteasea, ileetical entgg clokod Srto
ae

Can be dttl.! Ento fndopendoat f dependent iouta.

foutus
Volta Jouste CAleit toure

Sndeyendont loue dependet hw'e Srkgperdent Depndat

torlre

VCVs CcVS CCcs vees

(% ) Vpvs (O) eandy
VD.CS

yunhole for an lealvatsye foute

v-1 haracte

compatly ndependert de ewttent ' horugh tti tensnal

-that eaiy the Value of teminavetage ' contant t
reJpet to the value
Practead elage
V Tleal Poure he tetnnal sellag

male id lontert put T=0 V= Uy-O .. Tlee-tetn val velkzge

 An Ahatugh trund
cussent
Gnereaes.
tesnsnal
Practicalv§ndd te ITdeal
custent
eure!
Dheal
Sx-the
thotughit). ant
The.tein¥nal
wshece 2.(ie,detraie topachicaf
Jowie. Pratcad
toure
tyrent erent c fse
cirent tetminal
Rn
R brakeal
u load
the vatage
fa
the cuient agitde ture
toye s vollageneatlyserce.
cfert wre seure,
ntesna
tage
of - a
nt. auet h ¢the
caentkorcea, ef the
ginen a tho the
ance tetmnal tet
the ato trminalncnaje msal
by talle
rei mble eistor
the as
fane V-1,
chatactatttRee VE(Vs) talle atage
6t
the the eumet
Joue
Theal
liet
Sore
depard!
cuient batteyy cuntnt
voltge t cuent as
ln vpeended
#
veltage prallel accal
uetne with genetally
ce. auou tall that
pepet
t with Yntreade
fbu n
h
to
tae

.G) Cuelent ouile

hee vaw depee n b ltetual

reßtanco
a
Teanivl datvaen. -
when cc)
) dependent
TB toxs
=uoV
Vyn The Cunet, 2 lof
)
otageCussent compor
tero. et ke
depandA
emy vottaqe
curont
the eunont oliagz,
7he aCIPY aurelt
ontd tl econbel
l d upontoune total 8ouau
the &ourt
the e.
tbe (i.e, cettorBupple. u -V-2k
ottge G
tov
Soure
eertcussentvote repeat each
voltage the aco
eiy R

toca toue
(vevs)
Boure toor
ure retitur coned12-(2Dq)
ote(evs) the loV
=past

(ccs)(vccs)
practalyCeslent combned la) .
Cc)42 to

enntalelitng
b). toV a
selltor yredstoy.
ed veag
to at
repyeert, model sny ufotamheoa Coned
(a)
V

cuet nd
dgerdat
elebonilorakon
the
bcl
 a tombinakom o an Poal velhag ut!L
netuetk
vyltate V Bn eogfee întet nal retanu e cennoded to a

and deluang stane the etago at he

Colutlae Rue to a potendal drp in le Prtztnal re
Vevs Aeemsnae the be wailen
ccV

+0, Ae aboe

em E teure dapunde May be wten a,

an
En
ccvs, thu
wth e a custot Bnem E the toure
he dapende en lhe vasiabe I, Ve
a rettaH some port
wuedh
n Vcs, te couoet Culent to cârcudt. Pra catly the cevs S the KcL eauakon pr
boure
a
a ollage
cenductane
n teme paat of cuseert
le ciret
I dopend en
te
cenuot Prattcally
velhge to Cuilent.he ees Nccs e tbe tuo cinl o!
setane Y,.The eqralance bhecensene
I4, depende n af wll.
past
an
Soune Conson,
Coneansa, to a furent kouro R Bn parall lh etae gestane n.

he take Rneical eqyralart ta a

quârlant cusient corputon, replae a wltage toure tuniprman
ret NoAn eload wtaqe buou e frtelhad retslane =0 Canngt be
kourte tranemed to a cunent
canst be ersetlel sito avotgenae
tene ciu¥t yale.

-he o koeeg behaue

Conytat
equlivalent chcutt.
 kugpled bythe oas
Beuce
Vetaqe duru - total poon
dot' (a) The

(6)tle total
Cumeit ue 30).
2Ýs = (0 x0.3
Cunont by the prahal touyo
e) he total poues Ruplied
Taninal 3) 10= ou
ure,
Cuneut to veltag toe egsialont.
03
7 tone eireu&t valul. eqiralent cunent koure fi,

)
fojze

=Um Equsvalart creat tnune

Seaßes Circ:
aure cornected Bn
oheneve tho elemeste na &rut coede d to the etating
that the end teyinal one emant
to'un[nal, the oes aenant seto,
toeL rcuit. t slemet may be &her
ane to al a
<quralnt. hdecto Capa&trg
ehant
,-0-34, 4 toad wnet I =104, aceL al he
he (a total Calkalt
touu, b) total carst ahe
whenee the elemortty Kn a Cennutedo te
Pratcab soure, ond le) tota that the starßng teimae all the eleme nt laje
e t are conneckd to
al the parallel
by He prankeal touco'. at a
Bouye o a
cirront loyel ta anotho tommo
cycustthe atemerti may
 mtng parallal branehek. Atene Bn paralladl cfrute
esait
uent ual, al he alament a
al
the alenar. Rane Raikoer ane tail to be conreled Bn parallal one end o all tle
Rastne letke Rujoy Bt coune tled ta a comnon point, Smibaly tthe sthet end of all teifon
SeRes rehe cfret poirl ae

R
iy Conete d aere the toure.
Ra
Resy
M e,
ca)
netuk, here Ro8stancas Sn Reshe
Sn ferles
t ny acrou eack elet
trengltot
Fom abone fgune Ca),
the creut. ne
p tor tent T ie,
cunent
.-,kn ale the
neirfano
Connetod n efe au avoy he vestane Bi tama, the cuert

Cenbipaho

can be
by

T= 4tI, +lyt--- -
polertial dnps Vs

t---
+ Rn
Tu, when reßtantk, ae R
an
qralont rolsfanee cewLted Sn
diraty addng ttee the Can
Comnercto
he valuy o<
fndtRdual raktuw.
 tue.
Tthe ane CoueledBn parallol. find
thneo rekiby u , 1Q,bed tbe urot
tYrent taty. u 12A. And
Mtaitn, Rlle,lle|l.. -total rosane. le total
aupply elige.
bhese the
meanfn perallal wstl throngh each eultar and the

Cart be aftten a
.n. mho ôx ) Siemery ( 12

colere, aeg ezuiaknt conduttane 3+ 1+ 2

1 2

Probem:-aet,
tree netaneA ef 3,6, 9DA ale coveca fn deelot acpu a

Ri

uov
Cnductaner Bn fesle
Lndue nletueke Le

y=1k, =13-3316 99-q42V th teles cobinaon Ve

Cose a &rut

argu eah efitanu the gfnen druat.

lo

and llag
300
3o
t

V=V,tV
 that,

e (an
lut, Ljtly =Ley, kel

fom
we Can
4ely ) can be repacad by an
eahvalert rductanta, drag the fame.

)
Can be Spuiaknt ireult
exfended to
dt
bo roplad by
hum e frdlidualeuialet Gndetance
ndectenA.
toe value fe
Li

the paalsl Connedel fnduetancey

e Can iay hat equhabut hdutlare,druiny
an

ho Foure. The
4 thelr eyukalene he tae Custent

Badsldual faductaneL.
the faveye o!
 Cencept tan be catended 6
-
be
equivaknt indthane ohee valu
o um 1

we Cag
an
4 Can be
cultent Hom e trra,
draulngshe fane.
B

epal t
B
eqyaraknt capadtana eile coutkd Capacana
Tndvcta
Capuitie leluekis ncetfPatalld e lercdlent
eukended to auy eiet.
no to capacktaneybeGnveplacod
Ht conupt can be capaetane Bn deieL Can
e Ca day that the

N
a tourt
C

we tnow that,
HHE

V= V,+,
HH
V>

Caputianuy
 Conillei a clredt cth tuo
fnRualll ceueted to an ac captctanu doya T

Ane te
be fanu CafacitanuL ase palallel to tu Capacitance fn
soue poralle
e eltage acH-Hhom wl

dt
Saig-Parall Cict:
kct

get,
i- (Cit Cs ) Comnahon 64 R e Ra concked to a de sauso
wwwM

fro
(" 2 C> B that ha Paralll parallal
con be relaud by an
droung he dame cument equivalant capautane Copa itane fnto a
ingle eqvadar& retane
tom the
Capaana Ceg, a given by the kun Rndidual
palled
Tiit conept can be CapaitaRL
repla ad by equlialnt
we Can etended, to ay
that ha ninbe o
Bquiralt drut
fndidual capaettenes Capatesnce u capai
pasaleltanas
n
can be

Rates

p Ra. espeively aae coat a

 hadaby , ulo

etes
t BllRs Total ument, I-Y (00

ndctorr sealet e puallb! coninton ! Braneh cuent

= QSx20 A

Tz = = 15 A
64s
Lg (oA

Comnoio anNeltogo
Ca (ct)

) ne aat, calula
F 6oV

V
a) cunetr
each
aGS. the ressty 12V
ot
Deblem' |2

DLn e ghen rt, find te total equlalert (2t24

branch cunant and he voltage dipi

atDIA eali tance.
(oov
 dot
I6 -|"6

The iotage Vacty th. Puvallal reitn. hay e found

by ping hlady, ulle
au tu beriey acros tho

combinaton ! to6V
Inductr Sn deales e puallel Total YeLftane - e cirlt
V
Total cunent, I
Branch cuant
=20A
t
La

Condnoto - 15 A
(Gt)

n he ct, callat a) curent

each relsor. c) tha eltag dop V

totl rent
Aeilstane he irut, aNs the reystoy.
(oov tot (2 |2
R 24(bilsu)
(2t24
 0-4
2ut 3
Rab(Y) =Ra+R
3
Rbc (Y) =R+ Re
Rea Y) Re +Ra
From detta Coeded eáreaat, teneßstanas Hom
Ras (Rsct Rea)
(A) Rab|| (kctRea) Rab t Rhc t Rca
Ras
Rsc (Reat Ras)
Rab t Rpc t Rea
Qtaar and slarptta Dranfotmatens Rea Cn) = Reall (Rayt ksc) Ria (Rast R)
arr tone nehuska Sn oti o etance Rab t Rhe+ Rea
n paraltee- delta rutuot o) Aar nekat). Tn such 4ihuatkonu not
oie o sinpl th netuotk by defes e parallel cirt mles. Eqyaing tle eitanas behveen nole pair 9.
he slafaefa e Dettalsber taufocmatson anotho teehnue Ras ( Rhc t Rea)
Rat R
1 e tupe Rabt Rpc + Rea
Ra
Sinlaay, tor the nodo pe¥r BC,
Rot Re - Ree (Rea t Rab)
Rabt Rbet Rea
4):dla- conudedetx fg b)' Star-cnede estan

Ret Ra = Rea (last4 Rsc)

t B 4 Cand a comnen phrt n.
fest Rbc t+ Rca
n tar behuan he Saune huo node
equsalnt,ton the neksBane bebeo
df thee tuo neht: ase to be netuwok o , (a) mut be
pair of ndes B the delta-cungded Rat-- Re = as (Rat Rea)
Rabt Re 4 Rea Rabt Riet Rea
galta to Star Transtematom:

Rab t Re t Rea
(uRe

C Ri Rt Ra tRaRel Rea ( RastRsc)

Rabt Rbe t Rea
 velstnee couuckd' dtat- flqure, hon
reafou. hee Vemenbe
Rca Rye Ras Raky Rmbel To
Rea Rp+e (Rabt reftanek. deta tum e sed nsde
RyRa
t, equal
to node
fu onnadel
a to tar equivalant the Thw
we
Rea Ryct Kabt
Rea Ryet Rast Re
Rsc Rak Re Rea -
Kea Rbte Rayt kea Ryet Rayt
R Ras Ry
Reat Rse
Rea Rete Rubt Rea tkheRat
Rea Rab Ra Ra) Reat Rucl
temo epreveA
an becan Re A Ra,R ha,
at, Ra
Rea ,Roc2 etstainag
te
fn equ'valot Ka, Rea tKhe kagt
o! slay tbe restrtancs he ae Re eRb
e nehutk
Rea tRhet Kas fRea ReRabt
aReaRbctRasken Ros Kea Ras
Rea +Re tRab
Rea) (Rte Rab =Kp
hane,
Ra
Rt Rayt
Tranufomtion Relta to
star Rea Rab Ra
Rea Reet Rabt
conuucion ttar- Rea ARab ARa
B
Ria +
Rae tRat
Rea Ket tKaj QRa
Kea Rab
hane, we
equialbnt
to
 Ral t RhRe+ R Ra +
(Kic kas) (Ra kse) Ra
Ra Ka

Kbc = R + Ret Kb Re 10
Ra
(Rabt Ract Ra)

Rse Rca
Ra Re - Ras Rea Rase

Ras
R<

Re
Can be weittn au,
noler the dam o
Thuu the cquâradant delta rettne betuaen tuothe
Ray Re RcaRatRst Rea) to thoe noda plus produt te
o str relstara'eonnecked ded by tha ttid tar e tanu
Ra Ryt R,Rt Re Ra (Ras t Ryct Rea) ame tuo t r Tesstanees

Ras Rsc Rea To remnbe

Ra Rpt R Ret ReRa
(Rabt Ryc t Rea) to nemonbeu theie rele
Rbe Ras eatanos Ra, Rs e R. are
Ra Rs t Ra Ret Re Ra = Rcax om tqune, dtar coucded
Ralt Ryct Rea deta-coneled netan Rab, Rye 4 Rea.
elachically equlrabnt to
Ra Ryt Rs Ret ReRa hase,
Rea + Re Ra
Rs Rea la
ww
Re
Kca = R t Re + Ke Ka

Rekonue belwon tuo

Raky+ R,Ret RRa = Rbc
Ras Rca
pls prdt dame to astana deiled by
Rabt Rbc +Rea
 ) for Hlu gien redkve not.oek,
etanin 4he canovalant veitlane 3

tHar nek to
Jol- The qåven niw tan be reducod o
equivalent lalta natetk, slmyda deaiu Cor) paallul comnbna on ctycd4 D
by tsanuenig ithen ABeA deth og)
Bc DB della duoet irto equralent ar ntuoik.
www

4x3
ddta hatk cad be detet nqnsd +3+4
6
Y/A troufenion fenula 3+3t6
4t3+6
= 7
R3

3
3

rettan
Coneled
3+3=6
a l o

D 4S64
Cowneetedn
&eiey
-3)
6+6
can be dotu mlned
Ras Rea Sox20
Sot30+20
Rsc Rab 30x JO
Rabt Rbctkes
Re
Rabt kyetRea
Q0X 30 l2
Sot 30t20
its qalant deltanatuk.
A
 lo) 2012t

w w

Kge = 6+8+ 6x8 -bov

)2

36 ww

104 12t 8 = 20
Noo, 3122 6ov
3+29
R
I2+18
74
=36 P= 6oX = |20 h)
ut36

5) find e ument leuig in ss relstor

) 6
uAw L
Qelha alar tanotnaton abofod 3os 30N
tind te rktene bobion
-4

the teinnlnal A 4B.

dol Fom the qluen crcald , Connenlng the dolta conded eittaneg
30 tR0 So
A 9

30X 20
qasae)
SDA30+20 SDt3o+QD
SDt30+20
sinple sealet , paralld combinakan
30
lo

(IstISS = 30
Ketstus ud e aie n teieg, ut2= 6J2
Conusded
 -The heoren are ane

deBiad rom tle fundanental la e Conept.-A fven cirust can be analyg

wing henyemy ch,
by difeunt methide ie., wsng kcu, kvL,
prebarme fuvoo only a nojbicked analyli, namaby,
Many
Hhe detenÑnaton
ere bronh ory, (or) comptng
a ioad cor) maximum powe that
vltoqe 2 tuent tugplied to nohuk to lond et. Such netuok
can be tra<ouod tom
a
costan
can be selved by the opplcaon
ATu rut Can be Kehuek heorem.
aedrewn au,
4 lineas nahsk
pueiting tho &- coweted estagcey Gn teAm
mare &oue, tle reLpone n
tuo or reiporea Caused bey the fndfdual Borures
GtlutI2 nan-operate
othes touyet
-S-23 ackng alore, sile the given by
creust th mullkpe sote
| iey the respore Pn a due to ndidual Beureat acing aloy
repenes
algebraa tum 64 toura,
the eet a an fndaidual
replaad bu
nthe nohuerk mut be
tho haal vottage ouyce maseut
icrcatt and deal cuslent
funll. tesmsnal:
S.25 pon csrct acon theiu
=4"35 tor lniay Apkme.
43252

tol' Lot be -the custent thggh s reiltana wher

 aling alone 455
nalyia
alone.
atfiy Caait
alone, ia
&-Ihuorens

Chapler

cusent htgh sn alo io4

7he oA (unend tors i neplaud by epen
áruat.

thurigh SN also oA

The tota curent, I=4I - 0t 20 = 204

) Rad the wument

through 3etnce
Doy in he cheatt esng dypea poon down.

3Jruitr of of
Y 2 circuit
combination
er 3 when when superp
The
V,,
by
Fig V
8.3.1
of of determined 8.3.2.
series
that that figacross
as as in
same same be shown
voltage
cannot
polarity polarity as
andshown alonecircuit
the
it
V, voltage acting 8.3.3,
circuit with with
voltage open
resistance = of tig
2t3 P square is
by n
thethe fes resistance, sourcereplaced
superposition,
findin acting. to
resistor 2 V
proportional
theorem, 6 is 3
across alone
Source 2 whenS
-3664
4 62 alone 6
Voltage of by i
30 superposition
by source principle consumed
iS
oconsumed power ose redrawn
1+3 = "= by PowerSince the
m
basis 8.EXAMPLE
3 VË Now r is
Using SOLUTION
mesh Let, find 8.3.2
when beth the Fouwes ale aceng,
=1-Pl41-8| - 3-624
The Note To lig

By pinsde o dupapoihon, I-l+4.

I =3-624
 themconnected
be replaced and fig fig
V,
To SOLUTION
the fig
EXAMPLE8.4
456
rs
8.4.4.8.4.3. find superpositson Cross
check
will && In I2
The Let,
voltage 8.4.1 (-)*
be V, fig by &InThe the Now, Le, Find
resistances
same Since 8.4.5 single 22 fig response 10
V" sourtes
V; V,
by P=La
P
9sg814 r&
by principle the theorem
circuitsource V
are 8.4.4, principle = = be
voltage
2&22 1equivalent
and the actingsarme
is
Voltage acting.same as the
inthe Voltage are Dot
s 6 6
0.6667
so voltage parallel. voltage
of is V of cqual
resistances replaced as acting ÞIS80 P=
V,
=are
fig when of thatacross thatacross superposition.across -04+3
lo
6
|UEEET=
V.
2 5 in 8.4.3 superposition, across actal =384 W
& The of of together
V the
in 5 2 =
540W •uoo y
parallel 0.75divides circuit by V V, 2 V, 2 Q power 84 Zt620=(t880-)
parallel 3 is shor sOurce 2 2 2 resistance =
redrawn when
resistance when 438 SuyTo
S2. 2&I2 resistance
resistance
as S2 (cEEET+8)+.
the between of W.
Let
combinations circuit
is 10 5 shown Bere,
fig Vsource sË
vollage these 8.4.5. are as acting V
source with
in DANOS
shown
in shown
as with in the P
voltages the alone fig when circuit
.. uonsotadns
across series parallel polarity polarity
alone 8.4.2. PS
Tune
auoe s
alone P +
are in ir bot lIt
is of can wayn 788S0=
$I9 be
observed
jo
8.4.3Fig 8.42Fig 84.1Fig that •suodsYs I YdËTuud
S 5V 1WYXA 9°8
320 -10V the
power NOILN70s
AA.
calol.., kg
pufo.
os

To
lind which is To
By the redrawnis ind
By
vs)
v"
10x = By8.4Fi.g6 10 The the 0.+0.666775
V=V)*
principleresponse vollage
S.C. Vin asresponse 5
V
voltage 19 V,

of V,
thisshownsource division 8.4.4Fig V88S0 =
0.66670.75 +
0.6667division
= case. fig iseis Vi
replaced
in
3+4.706 superposition,
+

when 8.4.7. when 0.6667 rule. 2

2
both rule,
The by 10 auoo
lhe 0
fig shortVSOurce x
4.706 - V
= Suyoes 88S07 =
7.059 sources V
8.4.7circuit t
=
2.353 V
y is 88S07= V
84.Fi7g is MON (+8)+"}
='1= 1
asacting
are same puy "uoisidns
acting shown
3*015S.3+1 oj
nos
as alone Sg
that
in uoyisodiadns 3y 0IA ILS87+2
Chapter
fig fig 8.4.5Fig ut uag
UMOUs I+1='1
8.4.4,8.4.6. S-Jheoums Sunoe s sunse s! yo
1+2 Ix2 ajdiuud ES
except The jo Se YSuodsYs
=
06667 n Yjdyod) •OMOS y
8.4.8Fig circuit in kq u!
the Cincuit •
suped
NOILOIOS 'moN a4I
+C 5 of o
0.752 source, Vfig Analysis •Sn ect• puf Ylered
8.4.6 oL
457
8St
 Theyerin's theorem
heena's fheorom dhaty -hst
volloge douo
Bruas actue nibuok may be vepaud by an cquivalnt
VEh

en seales uofth an eqnkvalnt relstane Ruh. The vetoge

tosre

calod havenin' elge Pouye and Rt tt giuen by the etage aou the
the ca cut and
to open teimtna (A e 6) fndependent tourey
h telnina A 4 B when thu
seitayce a teen teom
deaaded.

Thevenla' yuralunt crult

Pocodue to Caleulat -heenin's qubvaent Cârut:
Cenidot a netusck,
To
-the cr conuila o two
theorem.EXAMPLE
SOLUTION neroosition find
finTo Determine principleBy the
ind LeL total
.3arereplaced
The (he By the n Fig Remone the loal m e cirit e, teminal A8
2+4 eo principle K current 8.6.4
Vsourceresponse
mesh = circuit 1,|+
=
superposition,
of
acting.Current
is Current
acing. is
1.6529
basis of of52 I
currentin when
single is superposition, through through
by I; fig +
matrix replaced when 8.7.1 9.5806 both
equatcquivalent
ion by V
25 52 >
$2 using = the
resislance resisance |1.2335 sources
short source 25
is, V
andcircun A are
then is in in
acting the the 20 acting
I as
Snon direction direction
is alone
solved
in of of 8.7.IFig
(Vas).
ig 8.65Fig
8.by
7.2. 1 when I, O204
mesh when
anal The 50 25
22 V
resistances source V source
alone alone
in
Rit R

-
 dep 3i- Rpau al! tha ergy leuos by thte Sautinal veuttanL
l utent foureu. seee and ofenrulthg
= 12 -(ir)= v
Tled, Vy=Vaa 12-Iau

dey Cadulat thesyón's

rukstanu behucn the teminae AB.
Thenanany rutanu, k = suiralant
Fm the abon Hgue tlseh ln reitana betuan tenlnab 48,(KAn)
lep 3 we
teps - otm Curent
volage Thenenin equiant Rtke
n kerfas wfA crrult coth Thenenin'u
A
= 0943 4
Thenanfn't sefane R'. RrtRe
I :0993A
12V

yb'- CeNk 4he doad behaaen

the teimena t B.t the ciralt ehonSn do
a rehtance 0
Using hencnw's heorem.

By thms lao,
lov V

WWeSU
Cunert bJ retoy n
the ciru

Scf

q-4296 Kah

cusert
19-14 2
 os
Fnd the Theuwnink járalat
6-3: 3V
DIpect to telnale 4 6. h= Va-V =
o lo 3V

-f8
DA cBD by kvl ae can 39

301 = S0- /0

So-10 J 334 (3+2) (3+)/

30
cethefeua Sn -tlee path DABD e
-S0tIOI K=0

=36-66 V
So- 0I = sO- (ioA l-33 ) Cutent
3

dep ID = 0-63 W
= (o-2s1)x
thusadns aahvdent
theorem - mavínu
Maufnm buer traney theorem state tat, +he soure)
Tratu touyee Cor) cument
Matmum Power
4) Usig, thaenin's thuneg, fnd the Jore (oltaqe
traneed burm restaneCR) equal to theBrtenal
ov
3 powek can be he load
to the led ten o the dource
reuatana) (K)
( joure
Yesßsfartee

3
e.
vaafabe lbad
2tcoNected to a delivead
pouee
Ten He
341 load load ginen by,
Pouwe trades betwen fvto e by the bouve to

,
whee-te load cument T f gnen by
 get, 4lence, he mayhmum pouer ktl be tran1feud rom Soua tu
xR the eoad oton the load
doue nelstance C).
relstane CR) o egual to the
The condPRon for maimum pewes (an be eblanol by dfeenfiating
Undes 4l condiBon, he manimum Peues
ea" () cflh repet te +he doad wtl be,

haney
)

(atb)
a 2al.+b2
Boblems?
alfutabe reltor R tor maxmum peal
=(st Rt 20sRi) Vs CvsRL) Co+ 2Rt 28%) traneler to R. Ao calulae the mamum
pouai
To end t the marimum ouse, we have to 4nd out
cireut
cendn, to t torm heendy egivalent
Fey maimum peei Qos reistance epen e so no
curert uU ootheugh .qorD hace
Aage t
tooV
the velage acYe 20 ft
dR = yoV.
By voltage idäm nute,
s+2kL +R - 2RL (RLtrs) dlep )
tot15

R,

RL
 t
S53
with
A
By mas'mum poueutane generator örk6
Hueeom, tor mamum peueg n volage
Re R the value R sloull be ofnetwork
ofa
to fom Q 2.7273 =272715
the
toreduced = m shou reandnoyitThe6
842.1the
2 841.10, of
sThevenin ofR
value belnow
Hanimum pout, Pan = been fig ves
fig rest
ofcircuitthe by sho the Ra short
cir ShowS
to power
has referénce from replaced
asR R.to resistance
Tn the Greust, nd the value B R tor circuit maxiFmum the toR ofterminals Iransfbr as
B
in be Thevenin's &
QA manmum pouer toartei. Alo, caleulate givenWith P
power, R of transfer should power A
tue macimu pouel. value asteminals
the R. for to
circuit maximum
of R maximum the power
8.41.10, respect of
ket teminals
of value the
Bg kvL, value 42 Determine
8.EXAMPLE 1aximum givenwith replace
open
fig lo The The OLUTTON for the
In t spect
to
aent
he quÌvalent ue.Now
OindOfind us Teduced
R, .Let to
ireuit
Hep E) g @
A
with below.
. R =\S esistance
shown
AA

seriesastechnique 841.3
Fie
AN
with 841.0
Fig
source
transfomation
traree voltage -..--.C.
A
single
source
ato by 841.10
Fig
powei R,
reduced
resistance
K = 1S matum canbe
load 8.41.2
Fig
circuitof
8.41.5
Fig 8.41.6
Fig
Maslnum Pozuer, Pae terminals
\or
oiven
SOLUTION
Theto
resnect
i
......
 St.ieCaoid,
212-4

40
30
842.Fi7g 10
843Fig
&428Fig

a) A anc Ris CoKecled n Jeia ith a parallal combnato !

as
shas
shown Tofin
ULT reterWictihce
104.
Sholow in t
fig us fod
o
w
anen, P= 4o,
replpemove8.4. the for &4Fig3 3-18A
fR =25
R. ence
determi
&43.6.
to mavaxluime uofm 8435Fig 20
to Now
for + fig Thevenin R.. p
poweesistance
the oltage <
ximum +8= 8.43.8,
4
resiste8 CoNrce
resistance.
hevenin's
power 14.sO short
by
8437Fig
Lransfer 6is
circuit
A3 value
the
12A
3.)9
=
14.5 reduced and
should
ofR 10 ) Bnunuat Sate Cmnim o) cet
9 current
sourceyP
to
single
equal
be 8.43.3Fig to0
equivalent
to
lourte
R,.
resisiance Hence
we A gen y , : 6-3 =3A
36 +
22 To 3+6
)
M
lo-2lo+8 V-12 V-T,
îo = 4