PhysicsC 2022 FRQ Set2

2022
AP Physics C:
®
Mechanics
Free-Response Questions
Set 2
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ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C TABLE OF INFORMATION
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Proton mass, m p 1.67 10 27 kg Electron charge magnitude, e 1.60 10 19 C
Neutron mass, mn 1.67 10 27 kg 1 electron volt, 1 eV 1.60 10 19 J
Electron mass, me 9.11 10 31 kg Speed of light, c 3.00 108 m s
Universal gravitational 6.67 10 11 N<m 2 kg 2
Avogadro’s number, N 0 6.02 10 23 mol 1 G
constant,
Acceleration due to gravity
Universal gas constant, R 8.31 J (mol <K)
at Earth’s surface, g 9.8 m s2
Boltzmann’s constant, k B 1.38 10 23 J K
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1u 1.66 10 27 kg 931 MeV c 2
Planck’s constant, h 6.63 10 34 J <s 4.14 10 15 eV <s
hc 1.99 10 25 J <m 1.24 103 eV < nm
Vacuum permittivity, e0 8.85 10 12 C2 N < m 2
Coulomb’s law constant, k 1 4 pe0 9.0 109 N< m 2 C2

Vacuum permeability, m0 4 p 10 7 (T <m) A
Magnetic constant, k m0 4 p 1 10 7 (T< m) A
1 atmosphere pressure, 1 atm 1.0 105 N m 2 1.0 105 Pa
meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F

kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, C
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H
PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

D
Factor Prefix Symbol q 0 30D 37D 45D 53D 60D 90D
109 giga G sin q 0 12 35 2 2 45 3 2 1
106 mega M cos q 1 3 2 45 2 2 35 12 0
103 kilo k tan q 0 3 3 34 1 43 3
10 2 centi c
10 3 milli m The following assumptions are used in this exam.
10 6 micro m I. The frame of reference of any problem is inertial unless otherwise
stated.
10 9 nano n II. The direction of current is the direction in which positive charges
10 12 pico p would drift.
III. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from an isolated
point charge.
IV. All batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated.
V. Edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor are
negligible unless otherwise stated.
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS
MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Ãx Ãx 0 a x t a = acceleration G 1 q1q2 A = area
E= energy FE B = magnetic field
1 2 4pe0 r 2
x x0 Ãx 0 t at F = force C = capacitance
2 x G
f = frequency G FE d = distance
Ãx2 2
Ãx 0 2 a x x x0 E
h = height q E = electric field
G G I = rotational inertia e emf
=
G
a
ÇF Fnet
J = impulse G G Q F = force
m m
K = kinetic energy vÔ E < dA e0 I = current
G G k = spring constant J = current density
dp dV
F A = length Ex L = inductance
dt dx
L = angular momentum A = length
G G G G G
J m= mass n = number of loops of wire
Ô F dt Dp
P = power
DV Ô E <dr
per unit length
G G p = momentum N = number of charge carriers
p mv 1 q
r = radius or distance V Ç rii per unit volume
G G 4pe0 P = power
Ff m FN T = period i
t = time Q = charge
G G 1 q1q2 q = point charge
U= potential energy UE qV
DE W Ô F <dr 4pe0 r R = resistance
v = velocity or speed
1 2 W= work done on a system r = radius or distance
K mÃ Q
2 x = position DV t = time
C
m = coefficient of friction U = potential or stored energy
dE k e0 A V = electric potential
P q = angle C
dt d
t = torque v = velocity or speed
G G r = resistivity
P F <v w = angular speed Cp
a = angular acceleration
Ç Ci F = flux
i
DUg mg Dh f = phase angle k = dielectric constant
G G 1 1 G G G
Fs k D x Cs
ÇC FM qv B
Ã2 i i
ac w2r G G
r
G G G
Us
1
k Dx
2
I
dQ vÔ < d A m0 I
B
2 dt
t r F G
x xmax cos( wt f
G m0 I d A r
G G 1
QDV
1
C DV 2 dB
G Çt t net UC 4p r 2
a 2 2
I I 2p 1 G G G
T rA
w f R F Ô AB
I d
2 2 A
I Ô r dm Ç mr
m G G Bs m0 nI
Ts 2p E rJ
k
Ç mi xi G G
x cm I Nevd A FB Ô B < dA
Ç mi Tp 2p
A
g G G
Ã rw DV d FB
G I e vÔ < d A
E
G Gm1m2 R dt
G G G FG
L r p Iw r2 Rs Ç Ri dI
e L
1 2 Gm1m2 i dt
K Iw UG
2 r 1 1 1 2
ÇR UL LI
Rp i i 2
w w0 at
1 2 P I DV
q q0 w0 t at
2
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS
GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS
Rectangle A = area df d f du
A bh C = circumference dx du dx
V = volume
Triangle d n
S = surface area x nx n 1
1 dx
A bh b = base
2 d ax
h = height e aeax
Circle  = length dx
A pr2 w = width d 1
ln ax
r = radius dx x
C 2p r s = arc length d
s rq q = angle dx
>sin ax @ a cos ax
Rectangular Solid
d
V wh dx
>cos ax @ a sin ax
Cylinder s
r n 1 n 1
V pr 
2
q
Ôx dx
n 1
x , n 1
ax 1 ax
S 2p r  2p r 2
Ôe dx e
a
Sphere
dx
4 3 Ôxa ln x a
V pr
3
1
S 4p r 2 Ô cos ax dx a
sin ax
1
Right Triangle Ô sin ax dx cos ax
a
a 2 b2 c2
VECTOR PRODUCTS
a  
sin q
c A B AB cos q
c  
b a AB AB sin q
cos q
c q 90°
b
a
tan q
b
AP® Physics C: Mechanics 2022 Free-Response Questions
Begin your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.
PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
SECTION II
Time—45 minutes
3 Questions
Directions: Answer all three questions. The suggested time is about 15 minutes for answering each of the questions,
which are worth 15 points each. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in this
booklet in the spaces provided after each part.
1. A small sled slides across a rough horizontal table with an initial velocity v0. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the sled and the table is mk . A string connects the sled to a device on the ground. The device maintains
constant tension FT in the string by unwinding the string as the sled slides to the right. The total mass of the sled
is m. The string is attached to the device at x = 0 and at a height of y , as shown in Figure 1. The horizontal
position of the sled is represented by x , as shown in Figure 2 . Express all algebraic answers in terms of m, mk ,
FT , x , y , and physical constants, as appropriate.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
© 2022 College Board.

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5
Continue your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.
(a) On the dot below that represents the sled, draw and label the forces (not components) that are exerted on the
sled a short time after t = 0 but before the sled has come to rest. Each force must be represented by a distinct
arrow starting on, and pointing away from, the dot.
(b) Determine an expression for the angle q that the string makes with the vertical when the sled has traveled a
horizontal distance x .

6
(c)
i. Derive an expression for the normal force FN exerted on the sled by the table as a function of the
position x .
ii. Derive an expression for the magnitude of the net horizontal force Fnet exerted on the sled as a function
of the position x .

7
(d) Derive an expression for the work W done by the string on the sled as the sled moves from x = 0 to x = L .
(e) The sled comes to rest after traveling a horizontal distance x = 2L . As the system slides from x = 0 to x = L ,
the energy dissipated by friction is E1. As the sled slides from x = L to x = 2L , the energy dissipated by
friction is E 2 . Is E1 greater than, less than, or equal to E 2 ?
___E1 > E 2 ___E1 < E 2 ___ E1 = E 2
Justify your answer.

8
2. Block 1 of mass m1 is held at rest while compressing an ideal spring an amount Δx . The spring constant of the
spring is k . Block 2 has mass m 2, where m 2 < m1. At time t = 0, Block 1 is released. At time tC , the spring is no
longer compressed and Block 1 immediately collides with and sticks to Block 2 . The blocks stick together and the
two-block system moves with constant speed v, as shown. Frictional effects are negligible.
(a) The impulse on Block 1 from the spring during the time interval 0 < t < tC is JS. The impulse on Block 1
from Block 2 during the collision is J2. Which of the following expressions correctly compares the
magnitudes of JS and J2 ?
___JS > J2 ___JS < J2 ___ JS = J2

9
(b) On the following axes, draw graphs of the magnitude of the momentum of each block as a function of time,
before and after tC . The collision occurs in a negligible amount of time. The grid lines on each graph are
drawn to the same scale.
km1
(c) Show that the velocity v of the two-block system after the collision is given by the equation v = ∆x .
m1 + m 2

10
(d) A group of students use the setup to perform an experiment. They measure the mass of Block 1 to be
m1 = 0 .500 kg, and the spring constant k of the spring to be 150 N/m . The mass of Block 2 is unknown. They
perform several trials and in each trial the spring is compressed a different distance ∆x and the final velocity v
of the two-block system is measured. They graph v as a function of ∆x, as shown below.
i. Draw a line that represents the best fit to the data points shown.
ii. Use the best-fit line to calculate the mass of Block 2.

11
(e) After the experiment, the students use a balance to measure the mass of Block 2 and find it to be greater than
what was determined in part (d). To explain this discrepancy, one of the students proposes that the spring
constant was incorrectly measured at the beginning of the experiment. The students measure the spring
constant again and record a new value, k′ .
Should the students expect that k′ be greater than 150 N / m, less than 150 N / m, or equal to 150 N / m ?
_____k′ > 150 N / m _____k′ < 150 N / m _____ k′ = 150 N / m


12
L
3. A uniform board of length L and mass m is attached to a pivot from the left end of the board. The left end of
4
the board is attached to an ideal spring of spring constant k that is attached to the ground. The right end of the
board is initially held by a student so that the spring is unstretched, as shown in Figure 1. The student slowly
lowers and then releases the board. The board remains at rest in the horizontal position, with the spring stretched,
as shown in Figure 2 . The rotational inertia of the board about the pivot is I .
(a) On the rectangle below, which represents the board, draw and label the forces (not components) that act on the
board while the board-spring system is in equilibrium. Each force should be represented by an arrow that starts
on, and points away from, the board, and should represent the location at which that force acts.

13
(b) Derive an expression for the distance the spring stretches, ∆x, when the board is in equilibrium. Express your
answer in terms of k , L , m, and physical constants, as appropriate.

14
(c) A student pushes the board down on the right side, stretching the spring a new distance ∆x 2 from the
unstretched position. The board is held at a small angle q 0 with the horizontal, as shown. The student then
releases the board from rest.
i. At time t = 0, the board is released. At t = t1, the board first crosses the horizontal. Sketch a graph of the
magnitude of the angular acceleration a of the board as a function of time t from t = 0 to t = t1.

15
ii. Derive an expression for the angular acceleration a0 of the board immediately after the board is
released. Express your answer in terms of k , L , m, I , ∆x 2 , q 0, and physical constants, as appropriate.

16
(d) Two blocks of equal mass m are attached to the board equal distances from the pivot point, as shown. The
board is again pushed down on the right side so that the spring stretches the same distance ∆x 2 as in part (c).
The board is then released. How does the new angular acceleration a′ when the blocks are attached compare
to the angular acceleration a0 from part (c) ?
___a′ > a0 ___a′ < a0 ___ a′ = a0

17
STOP
END OF EXAM

18

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2022

Coulomb’s law constant, k 1 4 pe0 9.0  109 N< m 2 C2

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS

Begin your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

___E1 > E 2 ___E1 < E 2 ___ E1 = E 2

Justify your answer.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Begin your response to QUESTION 2 on this page.

___JS > J2 ___JS < J2 ___ JS = J2

Justify your answer.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 2 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 2 on this page.

ii. Use the best-fit line to calculate the mass of Block 2.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 2 on this page.

_____k′ > 150 N / m _____k′ < 150 N / m _____ k′ = 150 N / m

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Begin your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

Justify your answer.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

© 2022 College Board.

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Coulomb’s law constant, k 1 4 pe0 9.0 109 N< m 2 C2

_E1 > E 2 _E1 < E 2 ___ E1 = E 2

_JS > J2 _JS < J2 ___ JS = J2

___k′ > 150 N / m _k′ < 150 N / m ___ k′ = 150 N / m