Smart Door Lock System

MINI PROJECT PROPOSAL

Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems Design Project

EEE 2301

Group Members:

1. Dhananjaya Yatigammana - 22ug1-0041

2. Nipuni Herath - 22ug1-0819

Faculty of Engineering

Sri Lanka technological Campus

JUNE 2024

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Table of Contents

intro............................................................................................................................................3

Problem Statement.....................................................................................................................4

Objectives..................................................................................................................................4

Methodology .............................................................................................................................5

Work plan...................................................................................................................................7

Estimated Budget of the Project.................................................................................................8

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 1. INTRODUCTION
As we come up with the module on embedded systems, we are going to build a smart door lock
system using embedded systems. An embedded system is a specialized computing system
designed to perform dedicated functions within a larger mechanical or electrical framework,
often operating under real-time constraints and optimized for specific tasks with limited
resources. The core components of an embedded system include a microcontroller, which acts as
the brain of the system, memory to store data and instructions, input/output interfaces to interact
with external devices, and embedded software that is meticulously programmed to perform
particular functions efficiently.

Embedded systems are pervasive in modern technology, with applications ranging from
automotive control systems, which manage everything from engine performance to infotainment
systems, to household appliances like washing machines and microwaves, which utilize
embedded systems to automate and optimize their operations. Medical devices, such as
pacemakers and infusion pumps, rely on embedded systems for precision and reliability, while
consumer electronics, including smartphones, smartwatches, and gaming consoles, use them to
deliver sophisticated functionalities in compact forms.

This project aims to leverage the principles and technologies of embedded systems to create a
secure, efficient, and user-friendly door locking mechanism. By integrating microcontrollers,
sensors, and communication interfaces, our smart door lock will provide enhanced security
features, such as biometric access, remote control, and real-time monitoring, demonstrating the
practical applications and benefits of embedded systems in modern security solutions.
This means that, whether at home or on the go, users can lock or unlock their doors, grant
temporary access to visitors, and receive notifications about any unauthorized attempts to access
their premises.

Here, we have devised the "Smart Door Locking System" -an electronic security system capable
of detecting intruders and notifying security personnel. The system involves the construction of
an electronic digital lock utilizing the "PIC16F877A" microcontroller as the processing unit. The
microcontroller integrates security information using a four-digit password entered through a 4x3
keypad. The operation includes opening and closing the door with password entry. If the

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password is correct, the microcontroller interfaces with other components to open the door;
otherwise, an alarm is triggered, and the system remains locked. Simultaneously, an LCD panel
displays essential information. Until the correct password is input, it indicates the door is
"locked." If the correct password is entered, it displays "Unlocked"; otherwise, it shows
"Password incorrect" and "Locked." A DC motor performs the action of unlocking the door,
receiving instructions from the microcontroller only when the correct password is provided.

This smart door locking system demonstrates the practical application of embedded systems in
enhancing security. By integrating advanced technology with robust security measures, the
system offers a reliable and adaptable solution suitable for both residential and commercial
applications.

2.PROBLEM STATEMENT

We are building a smart door lock using a password to enhance security in our daily lives. In
today's world, ensuring the safety of our belongings and loved ones has become paramount. This
innovative device enables users to unlock doors secured with a password, offering both
convenience and robust security features.

The primary purpose of employing smart door locks is to provide homeowners and businesses
with enhanced convenience, security, and control over access to their premises. Smart locks
significantly bolster security measures. They incorporate advanced features such as encryption,
two-factor authentication, and detailed activity logs that monitor entries and exits in real-time.
Temporary access codes can be generated for specific occasions or visitors, ensuring flexibility
and ease of use while maintaining security protocols.

Integration with broader smart home systems further enhances functionality. Smart locks can
automate tasks such as locking doors upon departure or unlocking upon arrival, seamlessly
integrating with other smart devices like security cameras for comprehensive surveillance and
monitoring. Additionally, the elimination of physical keys reduces the risk of theft or loss,
offering peace of mind to users.

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These locks also provide customizable settings, allowing users to tailor access permissions based
on individual needs. Whether adjusting access levels for family members, guests, or service
providers, smart locks offer flexibility and control. Real-time notifications inform users of door
activities, further enhancing security measures by keeping them informed of who enters or exits
their property. In essence, smart door locks represent a significant advancement in home security
technology, offering a blend of convenience, customization, and enhanced security to meet the
demands of modern living.

3.OBJECTIVES
• Implement secure password-based access control.
• Enable remote locking and unlocking functionality.
• Integrate with existing smart home automation systems.
• Ensure robust encryption for data security.
• Provide real-time monitoring and activity logging.
• Offer customizable access permissions for different users.
• Optimize power consumption for efficiency.
• Support firmware updates for continuous improvement and security enhancements.

4.PROPOSED SOLUTION / METHODOLOGY

The methodology for this project involves a systematic approach to achieve the objectives of
developing a smart door lock system using the PIC16F877A microcontroller and embedded
system principles. First, the project will focus on implementing secure password-based access
control by programming the microcontroller to authenticate user passwords securely.

Ensuring robust encryption for data security will involve implementing encryption algorithms
within the microcontroller to protect user data during transmission and storage. Real-time
monitoring and activity logging capabilities will be achieved by programming the
microcontroller to log access events and transmit them to a centralized monitoring system.
Customizable access permissions will be facilitated through software interfaces that allow
administrators to assign different access levels and schedules to users.

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Optimizing power consumption for efficiency will be a priority, achieved by employing low-
power modes in the microcontroller and optimizing hardware design to minimize energy
consumption. Throughout the project, iterative testing and debugging phases will ensure
functionality and reliability, with continuous refinement based on feedback and testing results.
By leveraging the capabilities of the PIC16F877A microcontroller and adhering to best practices
in embedded systems design, the project aims to deliver a smart door lock system that enhances
security, convenience, and integration within smart home environments.

To build this system, we use components such as the PIC16F877A microcontroller, crystal
oscillator, capacitors, keypad, LCD display, LED lights, switches, and registers. The system
features one input device—a 3x4 keypad—and two output devices: LED lights and an LCD
panel. It includes switches for powering on/off and resetting the system. Resetting returns the
system to its initial state, requiring the user to re-enter data to unlock the door. Notably, the
system allows door locking and unlocking with the same password, facilitated by a manual
switch that toggles between these functions.

When the keypad is ready for password entry, an indicator light blinks, prompting the user to
input their password. If correct, the system displays "Door unlock" on the LCD panel and grants
access. Activating the manual switch after unlocking allows the door to be re-locked using the
same password after a brief delay, indicated by another LED. If an incorrect password is entered,
an alert LED signals an error to the owner. Additionally, the owner can change the password at
any time, adding flexibility to the system's security features.

STEPS FOR BUILDING THE SMART DOOR LOCK SYSTEM

1. Create a block diagram illustrating the interconnections between the microcontroller and
other hardware components.
2. Using Proteus, set up a simulation environment and virtually connect the components.
3. Configure MPLAB X IDE for PIC 18F4550 development, set up project settings, and
establish a connection with the microcontroller.
4. Develop the firmware in C programming language, incorporating functions for keypad
interaction, LCD display control, password storage, and verification.

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 5. The XC8 Compiler is used to compile the code and generate the hex file, which is
integrated into the Proteus simulation setup for virtual testing to ensure correct
functionality.
6. Build a prototype on a breadboard to test hardware connections and functionality,
7. Assemble the final circuit on a Dot Board, ensuring proper connections and component
placements. The keypad, LCD display, and electronic lock are connected to the PIC
18F4550 microcontroller based on the finalized schematic design.
8. Finally, a stable power supply is provided to ensure the microcontroller and other
components receive the required voltage.

5.WORK PLAN

Task 1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th week 5th week 6th week

Planning and
Designing

Implementatio
n &Integration

Testing and
Refinement

Documentation
& Finalization

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 6.ESTIMATED BUDGET

Item Purpose of the item Quantity Price (LKR)

PIC16F877A Systems Central Processing Unit 1 1200.00

Crystal oscillator Generate clock signals 1 5.00

Capacitors To reduce noise 2 2.00

3x4 Keypad Input Details to the system 1 200.00

LCD panel Display information 1 250.00

LED light For blinking 2 5.00

Resistors Save from over current flow 4 5.00

Switches Switch the system on or off 1 10.00

PickIT 3 To program the microcontroller 1 6800.00

8467.00
Total amount (LKR)