Moles & Stoicheometry

Worksheet#1 AS Moles and Stoichiometry
CHEMISTRY
AS
WORKSHEET#1
Moles & Stoichiometry
COMPILED BY:
KAMRAN SHAHZAD
 Cell# 0314 538 9234
 E-mail: [email protected]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 1
Q1. 1.00 g of carbon is combusted in a limited supply of pure oxygen. 0.50 g of the carbon
combusts to form CO2 and 0.50 g of the carbon combusts to form CO.
The resultant mixture of CO2 and CO is passed through excess NaOH (aq) and the remaining
gas is then dried and collected.
What is the volume of the remaining gas? (all gas volumes are measured at 25 oC and 1
atmosphere pressure.)
A. 1 dm3 B. 1.5 dm3 C. 2 dm3 D. 3 dm3

M/J-15-11
Q2. Which mass of solid residue will be obtained from the thermal decomposition of 4.10 g of
anhydrous calcium nitrate?
A. 0.70 g B. 1.00 g C. 1.40 g D. 2.25 g
M/J-15-11
Q3. When 3.00 g of an anhydrous nitrate of a Group II metal is decomposed, 1.53 g of gas is
produced.
What is the nitrate compound?
A. Beryllium nitrate
B. Calcium nitrate
C. Magnesium nitrate
D. Strontium nitrate
M/J-15-12
Q4. In some countries, anhydrous calcium chloride is used as a drying agent to reduce
dampness in houses. The anhydrous salt absorbs enough water to form the dehydrate
CaCl2. 2H2O.
What is the percentage increase in mass?
A. 14% B. 24% C. 32% D. 36%
O/N-14-13
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 2
Q5. Ferrochrome is an alloy of iron and chromium. Ferrochrome can be dissolved in dilute
sulfuric acid to produce a mixture of FeSO 4 and Cr2(SO4)3. The FeSO4 reacts with K2Cr2O7 in
acid solution according to the following equation.
14H+ + 6 Fe2+ + Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O
When 1.00 g of ferrochrome is dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid, and the resulting solution
titrated 13.1 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 K2Cr2O7 is required for complete reaction.
What is the percentage by mass of Fe in the sample of ferrochrome?
A. 1.22 B. 4.39 C. 12.2 D. 43.9

O/N-14-13
Q6. Ammonium sulfate in the soil is slowly oxidised by air, producing sulfuric acid, nitric acid
and water as the only products.
How many moles of oxygen gas are needed for the complete oxidation of one mole of
ammonium sulfate?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
M/J-14-12
Q7. In an experiment, 0.125 mol of chlorine gas, Cl2, is reacted with an excess of cold aqueous
sodium hydroxide. One of the products is a compound of sodium, oxygen, and chlorine.
Which mass of this product is formed?
A. 9.31 g B. 13.3 g C. 18.6 g D. 26.6 G
M/J-14-12
Q8. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this equation.

Which calcium compound contains 54.1 % by mass of calcium?
A. Calcium hydroxide
B. Calcium nitrate
C. Calcium oxide
D. Calcium sulfate
O/N-13-13
Q9. The approximate percentage composition of the atmosphere on four different planets is
given in the table below.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 3
The density of a gas may be defined as the mass of 1 dm3 of the gas measured at s.t.p.
Which mixture of gasses has the greatest density?
major gasses/
planet
% by number of molecules
A Jupiter H2 89.8, He 10.2
B Neptune H2 80.0, He 19.0, CH4 1.0
C Saturn H2 96.3, He 3.25, CH4 0.45
D Uranus H2 82.5, He 15.2, CH4 2.3

O/N-13-12
Q10. Which sodium compound contains 74.2 % by mass of sodium?
A. Sodium carbonate
B. Sodium chloride
C. Sodium hydroxide
D. Sodium oxide
O/N-13-12
Q11. The reaction between aluminum powder and anhydrous barium nitrate is used as the
propellant in some fireworks. The reaction produces the metal oxides and nitrogen.
10Al + 3Ba(NO3)2 5Al2O3 + 3BaO + 3N2
Which mass of barium oxide is produced when 5.40 g of aluminum powder reacts with an
excess of anhydrous barium nitrate?
A. 1.62 g B. 3.06 g C. 9.18 g D. 10.2 g
O/N-13-13
Q12. A mixture of 10 cm3 of methane and 10 cm3 of ethane was sparked with an excess of
oxygen. After cooling to room temperature, the residual gas was passed through aqueous
potassium hydroxide.
All gas columes were measured at the same temperature and pressure.
What volume of gas was absorbed by the alkali?
A. 15 cm3 B. 20 cm3 C. 30 cm3 D. 40 cm3

M/J-13-11
Q13. Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2, will decompose when heated to give a white solid and a
mixture of gases. One of the gases released is an oxide of nitrogen, X.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 4
7.4 g of anhydrous magnesium nitrate is heated until no further reaction takes place.
What mass of X is produced?
A. 1.5 g B. 2.3 g C. 3.0 g D. 4.6 g

M/J-13-11
Q14. Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2, will decompose when heated to give a white solid and a
mixture of gases. One of the gases released is oxygen.
What mass of oxygen is produce?
A. 3.2 g B. 6.4 g C. 12.8 g D. 19.2 g

M/J-13-12
The nitrates of beryllium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium all decompose in the same
way when heated. When 2.00 g of one of these anhydrous nitrates is decomposed, 1.32 g
of gas is produced.
What is the nitrate?
B. Calcium nitrate
O/N-12-12
Q16. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
560 Kg of nitrogen and 120 kg of hydrogen are pressurized, heated and passed over an iron
catalyst. When the mixture of gases reaches equilibrium, it contains 96 kg of hydrogen.
Which mass of ammonia does it contain?
A. 24 kg B. 68 kg C. 136 kg D. 680 kg
O/N-11-12
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 5
Lead (IV) chloride will oxidise bromide ions to bromine. The Pb4+ ions are reduced to Pb2+
ions in this reaction.
If 6.980 g of lead (IV) chloride is added to an excess of sodium bromide solution, what mass
of bromine would be produced?
A. 0.799 g B. 1.598 g C. 3.196 g D. 6.392 g
O/N-11-13
A 5.00 g sample of an anhydrous Group II metal nitrate loses 3.29 g in mass when heated
strongly.
Which metal is present?
A. Magnesium
B. Calcium
C. Strontium
D. Barium
O/N-11-13
A significant contribution to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels comes from the thermal
decomposition of limestone, in the manufacture of cement and of lime for agriculture
purposes.
Cement works roast 1000 million tonnes of limestone per year and a further 200 million
tonnes is roasted in kilns to make lime.
What is the total annual mass output of carbon dioxide (in million tonnes) from these two
processes?
A. 440 B. 527 C. 660 D. 880
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 6
Nickel makes up 20% of the total mass of a coin. The coin has a mass of 10.0 g.
How many nickel atoms are in the coin?
A. 2.05 x 1022 B. 4.30 x 1022 C. 1.03 x 1023 D. 1.20 x 1024
O/N-10-11
Q21. Camphor is a white solid which was used to make the early plastic celluloid. Camphor
contains the same percentage by mass of hydrogen and oxygen.
What is the molecular formula of camphor?
A. C10H6O6 B. C10H8O C. C10H16OD. C10H10O2
O/N-10-11
2.920 g of a Group II metal, X, reacts with an excess of chlorine to form 5.287 g of a

compound with formula XCl2?
What is metal X?
A. Barium
B. Calcium
C. Magnesium
D. Strontium
M/J-10-12
Q23. 0.200 mol of a hydrocarbon undergo complete combustion to give 35.2 g of carbon dioxide
and 14.4 g water as the only products.
What is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon?
A. C2H4 B. C2 H 6 C. C4 H 4 D. C4 H 8
O/N-09-12
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 7
Q24. Use of Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
In leaded petrol there is an additive composed of lead, carbon and hydrogen only. This
compound contains 29.7% carbon and 6.19% hydrogen by mass.
What is the value of x in the empirical formula PbC8Hx?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 16 D. 20
M/J/-9-01
Q25. A household bleach contains sodium chlorate (I), NaClO, as its active ingredient. The
concentration of NaClO in the bleach can be determined by reacting a known amount with
aqueous hydrogen peroxide, H2O2.
When 25.0 cm3 of bleach is treated with an excess of aqueous H2O2, 0.0350 mol of oxygen
gas is given off.
What is the concentration of NaClO in the bleach?
A. 8.75 x 10-4 mol dm-3

B. 0.700 mol dm-3
C. 0.875 mol dm-3
D. 1.40 mol dm-3
M/J-09-01
Titanium (IV) oxide, TiO2, is brilliantly white and much of the oxide produced is used in the
manufacture of paint.
What is the maximum amount of TiO2 obtainable from 19.0 tons of the ore ilmenite,
FeTiO3?
A. 10.0 tons B. 12.7 tons C. 14.0 tons D. 17.7 tons
O/N-08-01
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 8
Ethyl ethanoate can be obtained from ethanoic acid and ethanol by the following reaction.
Ethanol (30 g) and ethanoic acid (30 g) are heated under reflux together, and 22 g of ethyl
ethanoate are obtained.
What is the yield of the ester?
A. 25% B. 38% C. 50% D. 77%

O/N-08-01
Q28. In the Basic Oxygen steel-making process the P4O10 impurity is removed by reacting it with
calcium oxide. The only product of this reaction is salt calcium phosphate, Ca 3(PO4)2.
In this reaction, how many moles of calcium oxide react with one mole of P 4O10?
A. 1 B. 1.5 C. 3 D. 6
M/J-08-01
Q29. Use of Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
When a sports medal with a total surface area of 150 cm2 was evenly coated with silver,
using electrolysis, its mass increased by 0.216 g.
How many atoms of silver were deposited per cm2 on the surface of the medal?
A. 8.0 x 1018
B. 1.8 x 1019
C. 1.2 x 1021
D. 4.1 x 1022
O/N-07-01
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 9
Q30. Samples of 10 cm3 of each of the first four members of the alkane series are separately
mixed with 70 cm3 of oxygen. Each is then burned and the total volume, V, of residual gas
measured again at room temperature and pressure.
Which graph represents the results that would be obtained?
O/N-06-01
Q31. A 5.00 g sample of an anhydrous Group II metal nitrate losses 3.29 g in mass on strong
heating.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 10
A. Magnesium
B. Calcium
C. Strontium
D. Barium
O/N-06-01
Q32. N2O4 is a poisonous gas. It can be disposed of safely by reaction with sodium hydroxide.
What is the minimum volume of 0.5 mol dm-3 NaOH(aq) needed to dispose of 0.02 mol of
N 2 O4 ?
A. 8 cm3 B. 12.5 cm3 C. 40 cm3 D. 80 cm3

M/J-06-01
What mass of solid residue can be obtained from the thermal decomposition of 4.10 g of
anhydrous calcium nitrate?
A. 0.70 g B. 1.00 g C. 1.40 g D. 2.25 g

M/J-06-01
Q34. The petrol additive tetraethyl-lead(IV), Pb(C2H5)4, is now banned in many countries. When it
is completely burned in air, lead(II) oxide, CO2 and H2O are formed.
How many moles of oxygen are required to burn one mole of Pb(C2H5)4?
A. 9.5 B. 11 C. 13.5 D. 27
O/N-05-01
What volume of oxygen, measured under room conditions, can be obtained from the
thermal decomposition of 8.2 g of calcium nitrate (Mr = 164)?
A. 150 cm3 B. 300 cm3 C. 600 cm3 D. 1200 cm3
O/N-05-01
Q36. A pure hydrocarbon is used in bottled gas for cooking and heating.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 11
When 10 cm3 of the hydrocarbon is burned in 70 cm 3 of oxygen (an excess), the final
gaseous mixture contains 30 cm 3 of carbon dioxide and 20 cm 3 of unreacted oxygen. All
gaseous volumes were measured under identical conditions.
What is the formula of hydrocarbon?
A. C2H6 B. C3 H 6 C. C3 H 8 D. C4H10
M/J-05-01
Q37. On collision, airbags in cars inflate rapidly due to the production of nitrogen.
The nitrogen is formed according to the following equations.
How many moles of nitrogen gas are produced from 1 mol of sodium azide, NaN3?
A. 1.5 B. 1.6 C. 3.2 D. 4.0

M/J-05-01
Q38. The foul smell that skunks spray is due to a number of thiols, one of which is methanethiol,
CH3SH, which burns as follows.
A sample of 10 cm3 of methanethiol was exploded with 60 cm3 of oxygen.

What would be the final volume of the resultant mixture of gases when cooled to room
temperature?
A. 20 cm3 B. 30 cm3 C. 50 cm3 D. 70 cm3
O/N-04-01
Q39. Which of these samples of gas contains the same number of atoms as 1g of hydrogen
(Mr : H2, 2)?
A. 22g of carbon dioxide (Mr : CO2, 44)
B. 8 g of methane (Mr : CH4, 16)
C. 20 g of neon (Mr : Ne, 20)
D. 8 g of ozone (Mr : O3, 48)
M/J-04-01
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 12
Q40. Which substance, in 1 mol dm-3 aqueous solution, would have the same hydrogen ion
concentration as 1 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid?
A. Ethanoic acid
B. Nitric acid
C. Sodium hydroxide
D. Sulphuric acid
M/J-04-01
Most modern cars are fitted with airbags. These work by decomposing sodium azide to
liberate nitrogen gas, which inflates the bag.
A typical driver’s airbag contains 50 g of sodium azide.

Calculate the volume of nitrogen this will produce at room temperature.
A. 9.2 dm3 B. 13.9 dm3 C. 27.7 dm3 D. 72.0 dm3
M/J-04-01
Analytical chemists can detect very small amounts of amino acids, down to 3 x 10 -21 mol.
How many molecules of an amino acid (Mr = 200) would this be?
A. 9 B. 200 C. 1800 D. 360 000
O/N-03-01
A garden fertilizer is said to have a phosphorus content of 30.0 % ‘P2O2 soluble in water’.
What is the percentage by mass of phosphorus in the fertilizer?
A. 6.55% B. 13.1% C. 26.2% D. 30.0%
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 13
Q44. A sample of the hydrocarbon C6H12 is completely burned in dry oxygen and the product
gases are collected as shown.
[Ar : H, 1 ; C, 12 ; O, 16.]
The increases in mass of the collecting vessels P and Q of the apparatus are MP and MQ,
respectively.
What is the ratio MP/MQ?

A. 0.41 B. 0.82 C. 1.2 D. 2.4
O/N-03-01
Q45. The use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
What is the number of molecules in 500 cm3 of oxygen under room conditions?
A. 1.25 x 1022
B. 1.34 x 1022
C. 3.0 x 1022
D. 3.0 x 1026
M/J-03-01
Q46. A mixture of 10 cm3 of methane and 10 cm3 of ethane was sparked with an excess of
oxygen. After cooling to room temperature, the residual gas was passed through aqueous
potassium hydroxide.
What volume of gas was absorbed by the alkali?
A. 15 cm3
B. 20 cm3
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 14
C. 30 cm3
D. 40 cm3
O/N-02-01
Q47. Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2 will decompose when heated to give a white solid and a
mixture of gases. One of the gases released in an oxide of nitrogen, X.
What mass of X is produced?
A. 1.5 g B. 2.3 g C. 3.0 g D. 4.6 g
O/N-16-11
Q48. People are advised to eat less than 6.00 g of salt (sodium chloride) per day for health
reasons.
Which mass of sodium is present in 6.00 g of sodium chloride?
A. 0.261 g B. 2.36 g C. 3.64 g D. 3.88 g
O/N-16-12
Q49. Tetraethyl lead, Pb(C2H5)4, has been used as a petrol additive.
What is the percentage by mass of carbon in tetraethyl lead?
A. 10.2 B. 14.9 C. 29.7 D. 32.0
M/J-16-11
Q50. A piece of rock has a mass of 2.00 g. It contains calcium carbonate, but no other basic
substances. It neutralizes exactly 36.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
What is the percentage of calcium carbonate in the 2.00 g piece of rock?
A. 22.5% B. 45.0% C. 72.0% D. 90.1%
M/J-16-11
Q51. A 0.005 mol sample of anhydrous calcium carbonate was completely thermally
decomposed to give 100 cm3 of gas measured at a certain temperature and pressure.
In a separate experiment carried out at the same temperature and pressure, a 0.005 mol
sample of anhydrous calcium nitrate was completely thermally decomposed. The volume
of gaseous products was measured.
What total volume of a gaseous products was produced from the calcium nitrate?
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 15
A. 50 cm3 B. 100 cm3 C. 300 cm3 D. 250 cm3
M/J-16-12
Q52. An excess of chlorine gas, Cl2, is passed through 60 m of cold aqueous 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium
3
hydroxide. In a separate experiment an excess of chlorine gas is passed through 60 cm3 of

hot aqueous 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide until no further reaction takes place.
How much more sodium chloride will be produced by the reaction with hot NaOH than
with cold NaOH?
A. 0.002 moles
B. 0.003 moles
C. 0.005 moles.
D. 0.006 moles
M/J-16-12
Q53. Which mass of urea, CO(NH2)2, contains the same mass of nitrogen as 101.1 g of potassium
nitrate?
A. 22 g B. 30 g C. 44 g D. 60 g
M/J-16-13
Q54. Which volume of oxygen, at room temperature and pressure, is needed for complete
combustion of 1.0 mol of methylpropan-1-ol?
A. 108 dm3
B. 144 dm3
C. 156 dm3
D. 288 dm3
M/J-16-13
Q55. X is the oxide of a Period 3 element. X reacts with water to give an acidic solution.
A solution is prepared by reacting 0.100 g of X with excess water. This solution was
neutralized by exactly 25.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution.
What could be the identity of X?
A. Al2O3 B. MgO C. P4O10 D. SO3
O/N-15-11
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 16
Q56. 5.0g samples of the carbonates of barium, copper, lithium and magnesium are
decomposed to the metal oxides and carbon dioxide.
For which compound is there the greatest loss in mass?
A. Barium carbonate
B. Copper (II) carbonate
C. Lithium carbonate
D. Magnesium carbonate
O/N-18-11
Q57. A 4.00g sample of an anhydrous Group 2 metal nitrate is heated strongly until there is no
further change. A solid residue of mass 1.37g is formed.
A. Barium
B. Calcium
C. Magnesium
D. Strontium
O/N-18-12
Q58. When 3.00g of an anhydrous nitrate of a Group 2 metal is decomposed, 1.53g of gas is
produced.
What is the nitrate compound?
B. Calcium nitrate
M/J-18-11
Q59. Which formula represents the empirical formula of a compound?

A. C2 H 4 O B. C2 H 4 O 2 C. C6H12 D. H 2 O2
O/N-17-11
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 17
Q60. Exactly 3.705 kg of substance Y are needed to neutralize 100 moles of HCl (aq).
What could be substance Y?
A. Ca B. CaO Ca(OH)2 D. CaCO3
O/N-17-12
Q61. A sports metal has a total surface area of 150 cm2. It was evenly coated with silver by
electrolysis. Its mass increased by 0.216g.
How many atoms of silver were deposited per cm2 on the surface of the metal?
A. 8.0 x 1018 B. 1.8 x 1019 C. 8.7 x 1020 D. 1.2 x 1021
M/J-17-11
Q62. Which would contain 9.03 x 1023 oxygen atoms?
A. 0.25 mol aluminium oxide
B. 0.75 mol sulfur dioxide
C. 1.5 mol sulfur trioxide
D. 3.0 mol water
M/J-17-12
Q63. A chemist took 2.00 dm3 of nitrogen gas, measured under room conditions, and reacted it
with a large volume of hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. Only 15.0% of the nitrogen gas
reacted to produce ammonia.
Which mass of ammonia was formed?
A. 0.213g B. 0.425g C. 1.42g D. 2.83g
M/J-17-12
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 18
SECTION – B
Q1. A 0.17 g sample of a Group 14 chloride, XCl4, reacted with water to produce an oxide, XO2,
and HCl.
equation 1
The HCl produced was absorbed in 100 cm3 of 0.10 mod dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution
(an excess).
In a titration, the unreacted sodium hydroxide solution required 30.0 cm 3 of 0.20 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid for complete neutralization.
(a). Calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrochloric acid used in the titration to
neutralise the unreacted sodium hydroxide solution.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(b). Write the equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1]
(c). Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium hydroxide neutralized in the titration.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(d). Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium hydroxide that reacted with the HCl
produced by the reaction in equation 1.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 19
(e). Calculate the amount, in moles, of HCl produced by the reaction in equation 1.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(f). Calculate the amount, in moles, of XCl4 in the original 0.17 g sample.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(g). Calculate the molecular mass, Mr, of XCl4.
Mr = ………………………………mol
[1]
(h). Calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of X and suggest its identity
Ar of X = ………………………………mol
Identity of X = ………………………………mol
[2]
O/N-16-21
Q2. A 0.50 g sample of a Group 2 metal, M, was added to 40.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid (an excess).
equation 1
(a). Calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrochloric acid present in 40.0 cm 3 of 1.00 mol
dm-3 HCl.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 20
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(b). When the reaction had finished, the resulting solution was made up to 100 cm 3 in a
volumetric flask.
A 10.0 cm3 sample of the solution from the volumetric flask required 15.0 cm 3 of
0.50 mol dm-3 sodium carbonate solution, Na2CO3, for complete neutralization of
the remaining hydrochloric acid.
(i). Write the equation for the complete reaction of sodium carbonate with
hydrochloric acid.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
[1]
(ii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium carbonate needed to react with
the hydrochloric acid in the 10.0 cm3 sample from the volumetric flask.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(iii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrochloric acid in the 10.0 cm 3 sample.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(iv). Calculate the total amount, in moles, of hydrochloric acid remaining after
the reaction shown in equation 1.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 21
(v). Use your answers to (a) and (b)(iv) to calculate the amount, in moles, of
hydrochloric acid that reacted with the 0.50 g sample of M.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(vi). Use your answer to (v) and equation 1 to calculate the amount, in moles, of
M in the 0.50 g sample.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(vii). Calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar of M and identify M.
Ar of M = ………………………………mol
Identity of M = ………………………………mol
[2]
O/N-16-22
Q3. An experiment was carried out to determine the percentage of iron in a sample of iron
wire.
(a). A 3.35 g piece of the wire was reacted with dilute sulfuric acid, in the absence of air,
so that all of the iron atoms were converted to iron(II) ions. The resulting solution
was made up to 250 cm3.
(i). Write a balanced equation for the reaction between the iron in the wire and
the sulfuric acid.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
A 25.0 cm3 sample of this solution was acidified and titrated with 00250 mol dm -3
potassium dichromate(VI). 32.0 cm3 of the potassium dichromate(VI) solution was
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 22
required for complete reaction with the iron(II) ions in the sample.
The relevant half-equations are shown.
(ii). Use the half-equation to write an equation for the reaction between the
iron(II) ions and the acidified dichromate(VI) ions.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
(iii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of dichromate(VI) ions used in the titration.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(iv). Calculate the amount, in moles, of iron(II) ions in the 25.0 cm3 sample of
solution.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(v). Calculate the amount, in moles, of iron in the 3.35 g piece of wire.
amount = ………………………………mol
[1]
(vi). Calculate the mass of iron in the 3.35 g piece of wire.
mass = ……………………………… g
[1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 23
(vii). Calculate the percentage of iron in the iron wire.
percentage = ……………………………… %
[1]
(b). Some electronegativity values are shown.
(i) Use the data to suggest the nature of the bonding in iron(III) chloride.
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
(ii). Suggest an equation for the reaction between iron(III) chloride and water.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
M/J-16-23
Q4. The sulfur dioxide content of wine is most commonly measured by the Ripper Method
which involves titration with iodine in the presence of starch as an indicator.
A 50.0 cm3 sample of wine required 12.35 cm3 of 0.010 mol dm-3 I2(aq) for complete
reaction with the SO2.
(i). How many moles of SO2 are present in 500 cm3 of wine?
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 24
moles of SO2 in 50.0 cm3 = …………………………………..

[1]
(ii). How many moles of SO2 are present in 1 dm3 of wine?
moles of SO2 in 1 dm3 = …………………………………..

[1]
(iii). How many milligrams, mg, of SO2 are present in 1 dm3 of wine? Give your answer to
three significant. (1 g = 1000 mg)
mass of SO2 in 1 dm3 = ………………………………….. mg

[1]
M/J-15-22
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 25
Q5. (a). Sulphur and chlorine can be reacted together to form disulphur chloride, S 2Cl2.
Disulphur dichloride, S2Cl2, is decomposed by water forming Sulphur and a mixture

of hydrochloric acid and sulphurous acid.
When 2.7 g of S2Cl2 is reacted with an excess of water, 0.96 g of Sulphur, S, is

produced.
(i). What is the amount, in moles, of S2Cl2 present in 2.7 g?
(ii). What is the amount, in moles, of S produced from 1.0 mol of S2Cl2?
(iii). Construct a balanced equation for the reaction of S2Cl2 with water.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[4]
(b). The reaction between S2Cl2 and water is redox reaction.
Which product has been formed by oxidation and which b reduction?
Product formed by oxidation ……………………………………………….
Product formed by reduction ……………………………………………….

[2]
O/N-07-02
Q6. Most submarines travel under water using electrical power from batteries. The German
engineer Helmut Walter designed a diesel engine that could be used to propel a submarine
beneath the surface of the sea. Instead of taking air from above the surface of the sea.
Walter’s engine used hydrogen peroxide, H 2O2, to provide oxygen for a conventional diesel
engine.
Hydrogen peroxide may be catalytically decomposed t give waster and oxygen.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 26
(a). (i). What is meant by the term catalyst?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Construct a balanced equation for the decomposition of H2O2.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3]
Diesel fuel may be considered to consist of the hydrocarbon C15H32 which reacts completely
with oxygen according to the following.
(b). (i). To which homologous series doe C15H32 belong?
…………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Use the equation above and your answer to (a)(ii) to calculate the amount,
in moles, of H2O2, that will provide sufficient oxygen for the complete
oxidation of one mole of C15H32.
Amount of H2O2 = …………………………………………… mol[3]
A submarine equipped with a Walter engine used 212 tonnes of diesel fuel during an
underwater voyage. The submarine also called concentrated aqueous H2O2.
[1 tonne = 106 g]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 27
(c). (i). Calculate the amount, in moles, of diesel fuel used during the underwater
voyage.
Amount of diesel fuel = …………………………………………mol
(ii). Use your answer to (b)(ii) and (c)(i) to calculate the mass, in tonnes, of
hydrogen peroxide used during the underwater voyage.
Mass of H2O2 = …………………………………………….tonnes

[4]
(d). The exhaust products of the Walter engine were passed into the sea.
What would happen to them?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
O/N-08-02
Q7. Copper forms two chlorides, CuCl and CuCl2.
(a). When copper is reacted directly with chlorine, only CuCl2 is formed.
Suggest an explanation for this observation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1]
Titanium also reacts with chlorine.
(b). When an excess of chlorine was reacted with 0.72 g of titanium, 2.85 g of a chloride
A was formed.
(i). Calculate the amount, in moles, of titanium used.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 28
(ii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of chlorine atoms that reacted.
(iii). Hence, determine the empirical formula of A.
(iv). Construct a balanced equation for the reaction between titanium and
chlorine.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[4]
M/J-09-21
Q8. A third polycarboxylic acid present in unripe fruit is a colourless crystalline solid, W, which
has the following composition by mass: C, 35.8% H, 4.5%; O, 59.7%.
(a). (i). Show by calculation that the empirical formula of W is C4H6O5.
(ii). The Mr of W is 134. Use this value to determine the molecular formula of W.
[3]
A sample of W of mass 1.97 g was dissolved in water and the resulting solution titrated
with 1.00 mol dm-3 NaOH. 29.4 cm3 were required for complete neutralization.
(b). (i). Use these data to deduce the number of carboxylic acid groups present in
one molecule of W.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 29
(ii). Suggest the displayed formula of W.
[5]
M/J-10-21
Q9. Although few halogenoalkanes exist naturally, such compounds are important as
intermediates in organic reactions and as solvents.
The bromoalkane B has the following composition by mass: C, 29.3%; H, 5.7%; Br, 65.0%.
The relative molecular mass of B is 123.
(a). Calculate the molecular formula of B.
[3]
O/N-10-23
Q10. Antimony, Sb, proton number 51, is another element which is used in alloys.
Magnesium and antimony each react when heated separately in chlorine.
(a). Construct a balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium and chlorine.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1]
When a 2.45 g sample of antimony was heated in chlorine under suitable conditions, 4.57 g
of a chlorine A were formed.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 30
(b). (i). Calculate the amount, in moles, of antimony atoms that reacted.
(ii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of chlorine atoms that reacted.
(iii). Use your answers to (i) and (ii) to determine the empirical formula of A.
(iv). The empirical and molecular formulae of A are the same.
Construct a balanced equation for the reaction between antimony and

chlorine.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[5]
O/N-10-23
Q11. In 1814, Sir Humphrey Davy and Michael Faraday collected samples of a flammable gas, A,
from the ground near Florence in Italy.
They analysed A which they found to be a hydrocarbon. Further experiments were then
carried out to determine the molecular formula of A.
(a). What is meant by the term molecular formula?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2]
Davy and Faraday deduced the formula of A by exploding it with an excess of oxygen and
analyzing the products of combustion.
(b). Complete and balance the following equation for the complete combustion of a
hydrocarbon with the formula CxHy.
[2]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 31
(c). When 10cm3 of A was mixed at room temperature with 50 cm3 of oxygen (an
excess) and exploded, 40 cm3 of gas remained after cooling the apparatus to room
temperature and pressure.
When this 40 cm3 of gas was shaken with an excess of aqueous potassium
hydroxide, KOH, 30 cm3 of gas still remained.
(i). What is the identity of the 30 cm3 of gas that remained at the end of the
experiment?
…………………………………………………………….
(ii). The combustion of A produced a gas that reacted with the KOH(aq)
What is the identity of this gas?
…………………………………………………………….
(iii). What volume of the gas you have identified in (ii) was produced by the
combustion of A?
………………………………………… cm3
(iv). What volume of oxygen was used up in the combustion of A?
………………………………………… cm3 [4]
(d). Use your equation in (b) and your results from (c)(iii) and (c)(iv) to calculate the
molecular formula of A.
Show all of your working.
[3]
O/N-10-21
Q12. Methanoic acid, HCO2H, was formerly known as formic acid because it is present in the
sting of ants and the Latin name for ant is formica. It was first isolated in 1671 by John Ray
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 32
who collected a large number of dead ants and extracted the acid from them by
distillation.
In this question, you should give all numerical answers to two significant figures.
At room temperature, pure methanoic acid is a liquid which is completely soluble in water.
When we are stung by a ‘typical’ ant a solution of methanoic acid, A, is injected into our
skin.
Solution A contains 50% by volume of pure methanoic acid.
A ‘typical’ ant contains 7.5 x 10-6 dm3 of solution A.
(a). (i). Calculate the volume, in cm3, of solution A in one ant.
Volume = ……………………………………….cm3
(ii). Use your answer to (i) to calculate the volume, in cm3, of pure methanoic
acid in one ant.
Volume = ....…………………………………. cm3
(iii). Use your answer to (ii) to calculate how many ants would have to be
distilled to produce 1 dm3 of pure methanoic acid.
Number = ……………………………………….. [3]
When we are stung by an ant, the amount of solution A injected is 80% of the total amount
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 33
of solution A present in one ant.
The density of pure methanoic acid is 1.2 g cm-3.
(b). (i). Calculate the volume, in cm3, of pure methanoic acid injected in one ant
sting.
volume = ……………………………………… cm3

(ii). Use your answer to (i) to calculate the mass of methanoic acid present in
one ant sting.
mass = ………………………………………… g [3]
Bees also sting us by using methanoic acid. One simple treatment for ant or bee sting is to
use sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3.
(c). (i). Construct a balanced equation for the reaction between methanoic acid and
sodium hydrogencarbonate.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). In a typical bee sting, the mass of methanoic acid injected is 5.4 x 10 -3 g.
Calculate the mass of NaHCO3 needed to neutralize one bee sting.
Mass = ……………………………………… g [3]

M/J-11-23
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 34
Q13. Some intercontinental jet airlines use kerosene as fuel. The formula of kerosene may be
taken as C14H30.
(a). To which homologous series of compounds does kerosene belong?
………………………………………………………………. [1]
(b). When kerosene burns in an excess of air, carbon dioxide and water form.
Balance the following equation for the complete combustion of kerosene.
[1]
(c). In this section, give your answers to one decimal place.
The flight path from Beijing to Paris is approximately 8195 km.

A typical intercontinental jet airliner burns 10.8 kg of kerosene for each kilometer
covered.
(i). Calculate the mass, in tonnes, of C14H30 burnt on a flight from Beijing to
Paris. [1 tonne = 1 000 kg]
(ii). Use your equation in (b) to calculate the mass, in tonnes, of CO2 produced
during this flight.
[4]
M/J-11-21
Q14. When 0.42 g of a gaseous hydrocarbon A is slowly passed over a large quantity of heated
copper (II) oxide, CuO, A is completely oxidised.
The products are collected and it is found that 1.32 g of CO2 and 0.54 g of H2O are formed.
Copper is the only other product of the reaction.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 35
(a). (i). Calculate the mass of carbon present in 1.32 g of CO2.
Use this value to calculate the amount, in moles, of carbon atoms present in
0.42 g of A.
(ii). Calculate the mass of hydrogen present in 0.54 g of H2O.
Use this value to calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrogen atoms present
in 0.42 g of A.
(iii). It is thought that A is an alkene rather than an alkane.

Use your answer to (i) and (ii) to deduce whether this is correct.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [5]
O/N-11-23
Q15. Compound A is an organic compound which contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
When 0.42 g of the vapour of A is slowly passed over a large quantity of heated copper (II)
oxide, CuO, the organic compound A is completely oxidised to carbon dioxide and water.
Copper is the only other product of the reaction.
The products are collected and it is found that 0.352 g of CO2 and 0.144 g of H2O are
formed.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 36
(a). In this section, give your answer to three decimal places.
(i). Calculate the mass of carbon present in 0.352 g of CO2.
Use this value to calculate the amount, in moles, of carbon atoms present in
0.240 g of A.
(ii). Calculate the mass of hydrogen present in 0.144 g of H2O.
Use this value to calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrogen atoms present
in 0.240 g of A.
(iii). Use your answers to calculate the mass of oxygen present in 0.240 g of A.
Use this value to calculate the amount, in moles, of oxygen atoms present in
0.240 g of A.
[6]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 37
(b). Use your answers to (a) to calculate the empirical formula of A.
[1]
o
(c). When a 0.148 g sample of A was vapourised at 60 C, the vapour occupied a volume
of 67.7 cm3 at a pressure of 101 kPa.
(i). Use the general gas equation pV = nRT to calculate Mr of A.
Mr = ……………………………….
(ii). Hence calculate the molecular formula of A.
[3]
O/N-11-22
Q16. Washing soda is hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O.
A student wished to determine the value of x by carrying out a titration, with the following
results.
(a). (i). Write a balanced equation for the reaction between Na2CO3 and HCl.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of HCl in the 35.8 cm3 of solution used in
the titration.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 38
(iii). Use your answers to (i) and (ii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of Na2CO3
in the 25.0 cm3 of solution used in the titration.
(iv). Use your answer to (iii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of Na2CO3 in the
250 cm3 of solution in the standard volumetric flask.
(v). Hence calculate the mass of Na2CO3 present in 5.13 g of washing soda
crystals.
[6]
(b). Use your calculations in (a) to determine the value of x in Na2CO3xH2O.
[2]
M/J-12-23
Q17. (a). Ammonium sulfate reacts with NaOH in a 1 : 2 ratio.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 39
Complete and balance the equation for this reaction.
[2]
(b). A 5.00 g sample of a fertilizer containing (NH4)2SO4 was warmed with 50.0 cm3 (an
excess) of 2.00 mol dm-3 NaOH.
When all of the ammonia had been driven off, the solution was cooled.
The remaining NaOH was then titrated with 1.00 mol dm-3 HCl and 31.2 cm3 were
required for neutralization.
(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between NaOH and HCl.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of HCl in 31.2 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 HCl.
(iii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH in 50.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm-3 NaOH.
(iv). Use your answers to (i), (ii) and (iii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of
NaOH used up in the reaction with (NH4)2SO4.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 40
(v). Use your answer to (iv) and the equation in (a) to calculate the amount, in
moles, of (NH4)2SO4 that reacted with NaOH.
(vi). Use your answer to (v) to calculate the mass of (NH4)2SO4 that reacted with
NaOH.
(vii). Hence, calculate the percentage purity of the ammonium sulfate fertilizer.
[7]
M/J-12-21
Q18. Carbon dioxide, CO2, makes up about 0.40 % of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is produced by
animal respiration and by the combustion of fossil fuels.
In animal respiration, oxygen reacts with a carbohydrate such as glucose to give water,
carbon dioxide and energy.
The typical daily food requirement of a human can be considered to be the equivalent of
1.20 kg of glucose, C6H12O6.
You should express all of your numerical answers in this question to three significant
figures.
(a) (i). Construct a balanced equation for the complete oxidation of glucose.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 41
(ii). Use your equation to calculate the amount, in moles, of CO2 produced by
one person in one day from 1.20 kg of glucose.
(iii). On the day on which this equation was written, the World population was
estimated to be 6.82 x 109.
Calculate the total mass of CO2 produced by this number of people in one
day. Give your answer in tonnes. (1 tonne = 1.00 x 106g]
[5]
(b). When fossil fuels are burned in order to give energy, carbon dioxide and water are
also produced.
Thy hydrocarbon octane, C8H18, can be used to represent the fuel burned in motor
cars. A typical fuel-efficient motor car uses about 4.00 dm3 of fuel to travel 100 km.
(i). Construct a balanced equation for the complete combustion of octane.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). The density of octane is 0.700 g cm-3.

Calculate the amount, in moles, of octane present in 4.00 dm3 of octante.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 42
(iii). Calculate the mass of CO2 produced when the fuel-efficient car is driven for
a distance of 100 km.
[5]
(c). Calculate how many kilometres the same fuel-efficient car would have to travel in
order to produce as much CO2 as is produced by the respiration of 6.82 x 10 9 people
during one day. Use your answer to (a) (iii).
[2]
O/N-12-23
Q19. Zinc is an essential trace element which is necessary for the healthy growth of animals and
plants. Zinc deficiency in humans can be easily treated by using zinc salts as dietary
supplements.
(a). On salt which is used as a dietary supplement is a hydrated zinc sulfate, ZnSO 4.xH2O.
which is a colourless crystalline solid.
Crystal of zinc sulfate may be prepared in a school or college laboratory by reacting

dilute sulfuric acid with a suitable compound of zinc.
Give the formulae of two simple compounds of zinc that could each react with
dilute sulfuric acid to produce zinc sulfate.
………………………………………………………… and ……………………………………………………… [2]
(b). A simple experiment to determine the value of x in the formula ZnSO 4.xH2O is to
heat it carefully to drive off the water.
A student placed a sample of the hydrated zinc sulfate in a weighed boiling tube
and reweighed it . He then heated the tube for a short time, cooled it and
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 43
reweighed it when cool. This process was repeated four times. The final results are
shown below.
(i). Why was the boiling tube heated, cooled and reweighed four times?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of the anhydrous salt produced.
(iii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of water driven off by heating.
(iv). Use your results to (ii) and (iii) to calculate the value of x in ZnSO4.xH2O.
[7]
(c). For many people, an intake of approximately 15 mg per day of zinc will be
sufficient to prevent deficiencies.
Zinc ethanoate crystals, (CH3CO2)2ZN.2H2O, may be used in this way.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 44
(i) What mass of pure crystalline zinc ethanoate (Mr = 219.4) will need to be
taken to obtain a dose of 15 mg of zinc?
(ii) If this dose is taken in solution as 5 cm 3 of aqueous zinc ethanoate, what

would be the concentration of the solution used?
Give your answer in mold m-3.
[4]
O/N-12-22
Q20. Chile saltpeter is a mineral found in Chile and Peru, and which mainly consists of sodium
nitrate, NaNO3. The mineral is purified to concentrate the NaNO 3 which is used as a
fertilizer and in some fireworks.
In order to find the purity of a sample of sodium nitrate, the compound is heated in
NaOH(aq) with Devarda’s alloy which contains aluminium. This reduces the sodium nitrate
to ammonia which is boiled off and then dissolved in acid.
The ammonia gas produced is dissolved in an excess of H2SO4 of known concentration.
The amount unreacted H2SO4 is then determined by back-titration with NaOH of knows
concentration.
(a) A 1.64 g sample of impure NaNO3 was reacted with an excess of Devarda’s alloy.
The NH3 produced was dissolved in 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 H2SO4.
When all of the NH3 had dissolved, the resulting solution was titrated with
NaOH(aq). For neutralization, 16.2 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm-3 NaOH were required.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 45
(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of H 2SO4 present in the 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol
dm-3 H2SO4.
(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH present in 16.2 cm 3 of 2.00 mol
dm-3 NaOH.
(iii) Use your answer to (ii) to calculate the amount, in mole, of H2SO4 that
reacted with 16.2 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm-3 NaOH.
(iv). Use your answers to (i) and (iii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of H 2SO4
that reacted with the NH3.
(v). Use your answer to (iv) to calculate the amount, in moles, of NH3 that
reacted with the H2SO4.
(vi). Use your answer to (v) to calculate the amount, in moles, of NaNO 3 that
reacted with the Devarda’s alloy.
(vii). Hence calculate the mass of NaNO3 that reacted.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 46
(viii). Use your answer to (vii) to calculate the percentage by mass of NaNO3
present in the impure sample.
[9]
(b). The above reaction is an example of a redox reaction.
What are the oxidation numbers of nitrogen in NaNO3 and in NH3?
NaNO3 ………………………………. NH3 ………………………………… [1]

M/J-13-22
Q21. A sample of a fertilizer was known to contain ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, and sand only.
A 2.96 g sample of the solid fertilizer was heated with 40.0 cm3 of NaOH(aq), an excess, and
all of the ammonia produced was boiled away.
After cooling, the remaining NaOH(aq) was exactly neutralized by 29.5 cm 3 of

2.00 mol dm-3 HCl.
In a separate experiment, 40.0 cm3 of the original NaOH(aq) was exactly neutralized by
39.2 cm3 of the 2.00 mol dm-3 HCl.
(a) (i). Write balanced equations for the following reactions.
NaOH with HCl
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(NH4)2SO4 with NaOH
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH present in the 40.0 cm3 of the
original NaOH(aq) that was neutralized by 39.2 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm-3 HCl.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 47
(iii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH present in the 40.0 cm3 of
NaOH(aq) that remained after boiling the (NH4)2SO4.
(iv) Use your answers to (ii) and (iii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH
that reacted with the (NH4)2SO4.
(v) Use your answers to (i) and (iv) to calculate the amount, in moles, of
(NH4)2SO4 that reacted with the NaOH.
(vi). Hence calculate the mass of (NH4)2SO4 that reacted.
(vii). Use your answer to (vi) to calculate the percentage, by mass, of (NH4)2SO4
present in the fertilizer.
[9]
M/J-13-21
Q22. Compound R is a weak diprotic (dibasic) acid which is very soluble in water.
(a). A solution of R was prepared which contained 1.25 g of R in 250 cm3 of solution.
When 25.0 cm3 of this solution was titrated with 0.100 mol dm-3 NaOH, 21.6 cm3
of the alkali were needed for complete reaction.
(i) Using the formula H2X to represent R, construct a balanced equation for the
reaction between H2X and NaOH.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 48
(ii). Use the data above to calculate the amount, in moles, of OH - ions used in
the titration.
(iii). Use your answers to (i) and (ii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of R
present in 25.0 cm3 of solution.
(iv). Calculate the amount, in moles, of R present in 250 cm3 of solution.
(v). Calculate Mr of R.
[5]
O/N-13-22
Q23. A sample of a hydrated double salt, Cu(NH4)x(SO4)2.6H2O, was boiled with an excess of
sodium hydroxide. Ammonia was given off.
The ammonia produced was absorbed in 40.0 cm 3 of 0.400 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. The
resulting solution required 25 cm3 of 0.12 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide to neutralize the
excess acid.
(a). Write the ionic equation for the reaction between ammonium ions and hydroxide
ions.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
3
(b). (i). Calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrochloric acid in 40.0 cm of 0.400
mol dm-3 solution.
[1]
(ii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralize
the excess acid. This will be equal to the amount of hydrochloric acid left in
excess.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 49
[1]
(iii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrochloric acid that reacted with
ammonia.
[1]
(iv). Calculate the amount, in moles, of ammonium ions in the sample of the
double salt.
[1]
(v). The sample contained 0.413 g of copper. Use this information and your
answer to (iv) to calculate the value of x in Cu(NH4)x(SO4)2.6H2O.
[2]
(vi). Calculate the Mr of Cu(NH4)x(SO4)2.6H2O.
[1]
M/J-14-23
Q24. (a). Define the term mole.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) 10 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, was reacted with 100 cm3 of oxygen gas, an
excess.
The final volume of the gaseous mixture was 95 cm3.
This gaseous mixture ws treated with concentrated, aqueous sodium hydroxide to

absorb the carbon dioxide present. The reduced the gas volume to 75 cm 3.
All the volumes were measured at 298 K and 100 kPa.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 50
(i) Write an equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide ad carbon
dioxide.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii). Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of the
hydrocarbon.
Volume of CO2 produced = …………………………..cm3 [1]
(iii). Calculate the volume of oxygen used up in the reaction with the
hydrocarbon.
Volume of O2 used = …………………………..cm3 [1]
(iv). Use your answers to (b)(ii) and (b)(iii), together with the initial volume of
hydrocarbon, to balance the equation below.
[2]
(v). Deduce the values of x, y and z in the equation in (iv).
x = ……………………………………….
y = ……………………………………….
z = ……………………………………….
[3]
M/J-14-23
Q25. A 6.30 g sample of hydrated ethanedioic acid, H2C2O4.xH2O, was dissolved in water and the
solution made up to 250 cm3.
A 25.0 cm3 sample of solution was acidified and titrated with 0.100 mol dm -3 potassium
manganite (VII) solution. 20.0 cm 3 of this potassium manganite (VII) solution was required
to react fully with the ethanedioate ions, C2O42-, present in the sample.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 51
(a) The MnO4- ions in the potassium manganite (VII) oxidise the ethanedioate ions.
(i) Explain, in terms of electron transfer, the meaning of the term oxidise in the
sentence above.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii). Complete and balance the ionic equation for the reaction between the
manganite (VII) ions and the ethanedioate ions.
[3]
(b). (i). Calculate the number of moles of manganite (VII) used in the titration.
[1]
(ii). Use the equation in (a)(ii) and y our answer to (b)(i) to calculate the number
of moles of C2O42- present in the 25.0 cm3 sample of solution used.
[1]
(iii). Calculate the number of moles of H2C2O4.xH2O in 6.30 g of the compound.
[1]
(iv). Calculate the relative formula mass of H2C2O4.xH2O.
[1]
(v). The relative formula mass of anhydrous ethanedioic acid, H2C2O4, is 90.
Calculate the value of x in H2C2O4.xH2O.
[1]
M/J-14-22
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 52
Q26. The commonest form of iron (II) sulfate is the heptahydrate, FeSO4.7H2O. On heating at
90 oC this loses some of its water of crystallization to form a different hydrated form of iron
(II) sulfate, FeSO4.xH2O.
1.40 g of FeSO4.xH2O was dissolved in water to form 250 cm3 of solution.
A 25.0 cm3 sample of this solution was acidified and titrated with 0.200 mol dm -3 potassium
manganite (VII).
In this titration 20.0 cm3 of this potassium manganite (VII) solution was required to react
fully with the Fe2+ ions present in the sample.
(a). The MnO4- ions in the potassium manganite (VII) oxidise the Fe2+ ions in the acidified
solution.
(i). Explain, in terms of electron transfer, the meaning of the term oxidise in the
sentence above.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii). Complete and balance the ionic equation for the reaction between the
manganite (VII) ions and the iron (II) ions.
[3]
(b) (i). Calculate the number of moles of manganite (VII) used in the titration.
[1]
(ii). Use the equation in (a)(ii) and y our answer to (b)(i) to calculate the number
of moles of Fe2+ present in the 25.0 cm3 sample of solution used.
[1]
(iii). Calculate the number of moles of FeSO4.xH2O in 3.40 g of the compound.
[1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 53
(iv). Calculate the relative formula mass of FeSO4.xH2O.
[1]
(v). The relative formula mass of anhydrous iron (II) sulfate, FeSO4, is 151.8.
Calculate the value of x in FeSO4.xH2O.
[1]
M/J-14-21
Q27. (a). Iron pyrite is often called fool’s gold because of its appearance. Impure samples of
iron pyrite often contains a small amount of gold.
The gold can be obtained from impure iron pyrite. The impure iron pyrite is roasted
in oxygen, to produce iron (III) oxide and sulfur dioxide. Gold does not react with
oxygen.
(i). The sulfur dioxide produced during roasting would cause environmental
consequences if released into the atmosphere.
State and explain one of these environmental consequences.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(ii). Complete the equation to show the roasting of iron pyrite in oxygen.
4FeS2 + ……………………………….. 2Fe2O3 + …………………………………..
(iii). A sample of impure iron pyrite was roasted in oxygen. The composition of
the mixture of solid products is shown.
Calculate the mass of FeS2 present in the sample of impure iron pyrite.
Assume that all the FeS2 was converted to Fe2O3 during the roasting process.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 54
(Mr: FeS2, 120.0; Fe2O3, 159.6)
mass of FeS2 = …………………………………….. g

[2]
(iv). Use your answer to (iii) to calculate the percentage by mass of gold in this
sample of impure iron pyrite. Assume that gold is the only impurity in this
sample of impure iron pyrite.
Give your answer to two significant figures.
(If you were unable to calculate an answer to (iii), use 55.00 g as the mass of
FeS2 in this calculation. This is not the correct answer.)
percentage by mass of gold = ……………………………….. %

[1]
O/N-18-21
Q28. (a). Mohr’s salt, , is the hydrated form of ammonium iron(II)
sulfate.
x represents the number of moles of water in 1 mol of the salt.
A student wanted to determine the value of x. 0.784g of the hydrated salt was
dissolved in water and this solution was acidified.
All of the solution was titrated with 0.0200 mol dm-3 potassium manganate (VII)
20.0 cm3 of this potassium manganate (VII) solution was required for complete
reaction with the Fe2+ ions.
(i). Use changes in oxidation numbers to balance the equation for the reaction
taking place.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 55
[1]
(ii). State the role of the Fe2+ ions in this reaction.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(iii). Calculate the amount, in moles, of manganate (VII) ions that reacted.
amount = ………………………………….. mol

[1]
(iv). Calculate the amount, in moles, of Fe2+ ions in the sample of the salt.
amount = …………………………………. Mol

[1]
(v). Calculate the relative formula mass of
Relative formula mass = ………………………………….

[1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 56
(vi). Calculate the value of x.
x = …………………………………
[1]
M/J-18-22
ANSWER SHEET
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 57
1. (a). 6 x 10-3 (mol) [1]
(b). [1]
-3
(c). 6 x 10 (mol) [1]
-3
(d). 4 x 10 (mol) [1]
(e). 4 x 10-3 (mol) [1]
-3
(f). 1 x 10 (mol) [1]
(g). 170
(h). 28(0) [2]
Si/silicon
2. (a). 0.04 OR 4 x 10-2 [1]
(b). (i). [1]
(ii). 0.00075 OR 7.5 x 10-4 [1]
(iii). 0.0015 OR 1.5 x 10-3 [1]
(iv). 0.015 OR 1.5 x 10-2 [1]
(v). 0.025 OR 2.5 x 10-2 [1]
(vi). 0.0125 OR 1.25 x 10-2 OR 0.013 OR 1.3 x 10-2 [1]

(vii). 40 [1]
Ca / calcium [1]
3. (a). (i). [1]
(ii). [1]
(iii). (0.025 x 32.0 / 1000 =) 8 x 10-4 [1]
(iv). (8 x 10-4 x 6 =) 4.8 x 10-3 [1]
(v). (4.8 x 10-3 x 250 / 25.0 =) 4.8 x 10-2 [1]
(vi). (4.8 x 10-2 x 55.8 =) 2.68 / 2.678 [1]
(vii). (2.68 / 3.35 =) 80% [1]
(b). (i). covalent [2]
Small(er) difference in electronegativity between Fe and cl (than between Al and Cl)
(ii). [1]
4. (a). (i). 12.35 x 0.01 / 1000 = 1.235 x 10-4 [1]
(ii). 1.235 x 10-4 x 1000 / 50 = 2.47 x 10-3 [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 58
(iii). 2.47 x 10-3 x 64.1 = 0.158327 g = 158 (3 sf only) [1]
5. (a). (i).
(ii)
(ii).
correct products (1)
balanced equation (1) [4]
(b). oxidation product is H2SO3 [2]
reduction product is S
6. (a). (i). substance that speeds up a chemical reaction (1)

by lowering Ea
or by providing an alternative reaction pathway
or without being used up in the process (1)
(ii). [3]
(b). (i). alkanes or parafins (1)
(ii). 2H2O2 : O2 and C15H32 : 23O2 (1)
whence C15H32 : 46H2O2 (1)
allow e.c.f on (a)(ii) [3]
(c). (i). C15H32 = 212 (1)
allow e.c.f. on wrong Mr of C15H32 (1)
(ii). n(H2O2) required = 46 x 106 mol (1)
mass of H2O2 = 34 x 46 x 106 g = 1564 tonnes
final answer must be in tonnes (1)
allow e.c.f on (b)(ii) and (c)(i) [4]
(d). they would dissolve (1) [1]
7. (a). chlorine is a strong / powerful oxidizing agent (1) [1]
(b). (i). (1)
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 59
(ii). (1)
(iii). 0.015 : 0.06 = 1 : 4

empirical formula of A is TiCl4
allow ecf on answers to (i) and/or (ii). (1)
(iv). [4]
8. (a). (i).
(ii). [3]
(b). (i).
[3]
(ii).
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 60
one correct structure (1)

correctly displayed (1)
allow any correct ether [2]
9. (a). (i). [1]
(b). (i).
(iii).
(iv).
(v). [5]
10. (a).
[3]
11. (a). the actual number of atoms of each element present

In one molecule of a compound [2]
(b).
[2]
(c). (i). oxygen / O2
(ii). carbon dioxide / CO2
(iii). 10 cm3
(iv). 20 cm3 [4]
(d).
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 61
[3]
12. Throughout this question, deduct one mark only for sig. fig. error.
(a). (i).
(ii).
(iii).
[3]
(b). (i).
(ii).
[3]
(c). (i).
(ii)
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 62
[3]
13. (a). alkanes / paraffins

not hydrocarbon [1]
(b).
[1]
(c). (i).
(ii). mass of CO2 produced
= 275.3 t of CO2
allow 275.4 t if candidate has used 88.506

allow ecf on wrong value for Mr of C14H30 [4]
14. (a). (i).
(ii).
(iii). yes because 0.03 mol of C are combined with 0.06 mol of H or
C : H ratio is 1 : 2 or
Empirical formula is CH2 [5]
15. (a). (i).
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 63
(ii).
(iii).
[6]
(b).
[1]
(c). (i).
(ii). [3]
16. (a). (i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
(v).
[6]
(b).
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 64
[2]
17. (a).
[2]
(b). (i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
(v).
(vi).
(vii).
[7]
18. In this question, numerical answers should be given to three significant figures.
(a). (i).
(ii).
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 65
(iii).
[5]
(b). (i).
(ii).
(iii).
[5]
(c).
[2]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 66
19. (a).
[3]
(b). (i).
(ii). octahedral or square-based bipyramid

(iii). 90o [3]
20. (a). (i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
(v).
(vi).
(vii).
(viii).
give one mark for the correct expression

give one mark for answer given as 91.2 – i.e to 3 sig.fig.
allow ecf where appropriate [9]
(b). [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 67
21. (a). (i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
(v).
(vi).
(vii)
[9]
22. (a). (i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
(v).
[5]
23. (a). the amount of substance containing 6(.02) x 1023 (fundamental) particles of that substance (or; the amount
of substance containing as many particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12) [1]
(b). (i). [1]
allow ionic equations or formation of NaHCO3

(ii). 95 – 75 = 20cm3 [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 68
(iii). excess oxygen = 75 cm3 so used = 25 cm3 [1]
(iv). [2]
(v). [3]
24. (a). [1]
(b). (i). [1]
(ii). [1]
(iii). [1]
(iv). [1]
(v). amount of Cu = mass / Mr == 0.413 / 63.5 = 6.5 x 10-3 (mol)
So Cu : NH4 = 0.0065 : 0.013 = 1:2 so x = 2 [2]
(v). Mr = 399.7 [1]
25. (a). (i). (The C2O42- ions) lose electrons owtte / ora [1]
(ii). [3]
(b). (i). [1]
(ii). MnO4- : C2O42- = 2 : 5
so amount of C2O42- = (5/2) x 2.00 x 10-3 = 5(.00) x 10-3 (mol)
ecf from (b)(i). [1]
(iii). 5.00 x 10-3 x 250/25 = 0.05(0) (mol)
ecf from (b)(ii) [1]
(iv). Amount = mass / Mr so Mr = mass/amount = 6.30 / 0.05 = 126 [1]
ecf from (b)(iii)
(v). 126 – 90 = 36
36 / 18 = 2.00
x=2 [1]
ecf from (b)(iv) if suitable
26. (a). (i). [1]
(ii). [3]
(b). (i). [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 69
(ii). [1]
(iii). 2.00 x 10-3 x 250 / 25 = 0.02(00) (mol) [1]

ecf from (b)(ii)
(iv). 3.40 / 0.02 = 170 [1]
ecf from (b) (iii)
(v). 170 – 151.8 = 18.2 [1]

18.2 / 18 = 1.01
x=1
ecf from (b)(iv) if appropriate
27. (a). (i). M1 acid rain [2]

M2
 Destroys / damages / weathers / erodes / buildings / statues
 Kills / harms fish / coral / plants / crops / trees / deforestation
 Leaches salts / ions (aluminium) from soil (into rivers / lakes)
 Leaches away soil nutrients
 Breathing difficulties
 Lowers pH / increases acdity of soil / rivers / oceans / seas
(ii). balanced equation with 11O2 and 8SO2 [2]
M1: O2 and SO2
M2: 11 and 8
(iii). M1 is for process of calculating number of moles of Fe2O3 [2]
33.18 ÷ 159.6 (0.2079 mod)
M2 for correct use of stoichiometry and 120.0 with candidate’s M1
M2 (0.2079) x 4 / 2 x 120.0 = 49.89 (g)
(iv). (0.37 / (0.37 + 49.89)) = 0.74 [1]
28. (a). (i). [1]
(ii). (Fe2+ is a) reducing agent / reductant [2]

2+
Provides / donates electron(s) loses electron(s) / increases its oxidation number / (Fe ) becomes
Fe3+.
(iii). 4 x 10-4 / 0.0004 [1]
(iv). 2 x 10-3 / 0.002 [1]
(v). 392 [1]
(vi). 6 [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 70
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 71

Moles & Stoicheometry

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Worksheet#1 AS Moles and Stoichiometry

Moles & Stoichiometry

A. 1 dm3 B. 1.5 dm3 C. 2 dm3 D. 3 dm3

A. 0.70 g B. 1.00 g C. 1.40 g D. 2.25 g

What is the nitrate compound?

What is the percentage increase in mass?

A. 14% B. 24% C. 32% D. 36%

14H+ + 6 Fe2+ + Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O

What is the percentage by mass of Fe in the sample of ferrochrome?

A. 1.22 B. 4.39 C. 12.2 D. 43.9

Which mass of this product is formed?

A. 9.31 g B. 13.3 g C. 18.6 g D. 26.6 G

Q8. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this equation.

Which mixture of gasses has the greatest density?

B Neptune H2 80.0, He 19.0, CH4 1.0

C Saturn H2 96.3, He 3.25, CH4 0.45

D Uranus H2 82.5, He 15.2, CH4 2.3

A. 1.62 g B. 3.06 g C. 9.18 g D. 10.2 g

What volume of gas was absorbed by the alkali?

A. 15 cm3 B. 20 cm3 C. 30 cm3 D. 40 cm3

What mass of X is produced?

A. 1.5 g B. 2.3 g C. 3.0 g D. 4.6 g

What mass of oxygen is produce?

A. 3.2 g B. 6.4 g C. 12.8 g D. 19.2 g

Q15. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this equation.

What is the nitrate?

Q16. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.

Which mass of ammonia does it contain?

A. 0.799 g B. 1.598 g C. 3.196 g D. 6.392 g

Q18. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this equation.

Which metal is present?

Q19. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this equation.

A. 440 B. 527 C. 660 D. 880

How many nickel atoms are in the coin?

A. 2.05 x 1022 B. 4.30 x 1022 C. 1.03 x 1023 D. 1.20 x 1024

What is the molecular formula of camphor?

A. C10H6O6 B. C10H8O C. C10H16OD. C10H10O2

Q22. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.

2.920 g of a Group II metal, X, reacts with an excess of chlorine to form 5.287 g of a

What is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon?

What is the value of x in the empirical formula PbC8Hx?

What is the concentration of NaClO in the bleach?

A. 8.75 x 10-4 mol dm-3

Q26. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.

A. 10.0 tons B. 12.7 tons C. 14.0 tons D. 17.7 tons

What is the yield of the ester?

A. 25% B. 38% C. 50% D. 77%

Q29. Use of Data Booklet is relevant to this question.

Which graph represents the results that would be obtained?

A. 8 cm3 B. 12.5 cm3 C. 40 cm3 D. 80 cm3

A. 0.70 g B. 1.00 g C. 1.40 g D. 2.25 g

What is the formula of hydrocarbon?

A. 1.5 B. 1.6 C. 3.2 D. 4.0

A sample of 10 cm3 of methanethiol was exploded with 60 cm3 of oxygen.

A typical driver’s airbag contains 50 g of sodium azide.

What is the ratio MP/MQ?

What volume of gas was absorbed by the alkali?

hydroxide. In a separate experiment an excess of chlorine gas is passed through 60 cm3 of

Q59. Which formula represents the empirical formula of a compound?