KONSEP H A C C P-New
KONSEP H A C C P-New
KONSEP H A C C P-New
A • AGONIZING
C • CONFUSING
C • COMPLICATED
P • PAPERWORK
HAC
CP:
Identify Two
critical Part
Hazard
control
analysis
points
7
HACC
P:
Pre-
HACCP
Principles
Requisite HACCP Impl
Program
eme
ntati
on
6/3/2022 8
GMP (Good
Manufacturing
Practices)
• Analysis, examination
Analysis • of endangering ..
• critically, deciding
Critical • For the control
• Steering, supervision
Control • Of the conditions
• Point, place
Point • In a process
Apa itu HACCP?
Bahaya Keamanan Pangan
Benefit of HACCP
• To provide food safety that can be recognized
nationally and internationally.
• To reduce level of non-conformance products.
• To minimize recall of defect products, etc.
Obstacles in the implementation of
HACCP
• HACCP Plan is developed by personnel that
have not had inappropriate knowledge
• HACCP system is highly influenced by
management commitment
• HACCP Plan is only implemented when the
company is going to be audited
Responsibility to HACCP
• Shall be authorized person HACCP team
leader
• All employees are responsible for the
implementation
• Is not only responsibility of QA and QC
Langkah 1
Pembentukan Tim HACCP
Bayi
Anak-anak
Wanita hamil
Orang tua
Alergenic
Orang sakit
Langkah 4
PENYUSUNAN DIAGRAM ALIR
Area Ganti
pakaian kerja
30
Sumber bahaya
g e n d a lik a n b a h a y a
Bagaimana Men
Pertumbuhan bakteri
Bacteria multiply by
splitting in half. Under
ideal condition for
growth, they can double
in number every 15 –30
minutes. This mean that
one single bacteria could
multiply to a million in
least than 6 hours.
Apa yang dibutuhkan bakteri untuk
tumbuh?
Food -
F needs protein
Oxygen - aerob/anaerob
O
M Moisture – aw: 0.85
Pertumbuhan bakteri
Bacteria multiply by
splitting in half. Under
ideal condition for
growth, they can double
in number every 15 –30
minutes. This mean that
one single bacteria could
multiply to a million in
least than 6 hours.
Apa yang dibutuhkan bakteri untuk
tumbuh?
Food -
F needs protein
Oxygen - aerob/anaerob
O
M Moisture – aw: 0.85
F- Food
To grow, foodborne pathogens need nutrients, specifically proteins and
carbohydrates. These proteins are commonly found in potentially hazardous
food items, such as meat, poultry, dairy products, and eggs.
These carbohydrates are frequently found in food items, such as, cooked
rice, beans, and baked or boiled potatoes.
37
A – Acidity
• The pH of a substance tells how acidic or alkaline
it is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to14. Food with a
pH between 0 and 6.0 is acidic, while food with a
pH between 8.0 and 14 is alkaline. A pH of 7.0 is
neutral.
• Foodborne pathogens typically do not grow in
highly acidic or highly alkaline food.
• Pathogenic bacteria grow best in food with a pH
between 4.6 and 7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral),
which includes most of the food we eat.
38
T - Temperature
• Most foodborne pathogens grow well between
the temperatures of 41°F and 135°F. This range is
known as the temperature “Danger Zone.”
• Exposing pathogens to temperatures outside the
danger zone does not necessarily kill them.
Refrigeration temperatures, for example, may only
slow down the growth. Food must be handled
very carefully when it is thawed, cooked, cooled,
and reheated since it can be exposed to the
temperature “Danger Zone” during these times.
39
T – Time
• Foodborne pathogens need sufficient time to
grow. Bacteria can double their population
every twenty minutes.
• If contaminated food remains in the
temperature “Danger Zone” for four hours or
more, pathogens can grow to levels high
enough to make someone sick.
40
O - Oxygen
Some pathogens require oxygen to grow, and
are called aerobic, while others grow without
oxygen, and are called anaerobic. The growth of
these anaerobic bacteria has been known to
occur in thick, heat-treated plant foods, such as:
untreated garlic-in-oil mixtures and foil-wrapped
baked potatoes that have been temperature
abused. Bacteria causing foodborne illness that
grow with or without oxygen is called
facultative.
41
M - Moisture
Because most bacteria require water to grow,
they grow well in moist foods. The amount of
moisture available in a food for pathogens to
grow is called water activity. It is measured on a
scale from 0 to 1.0, with water having a water
activity of 1.0. Potentially hazardous food
typically have a water activity above 0.85.
42
Bahaya Kimia
• Residu Hormon (obat
hewan),pestisida,mikotoksin : terkait GAP
• Logam berat : air atau material lainnya
• Emerging Chemical Contaminant : Process
contaminant :
– akrilamida (dari reaksi pangan tinggi Karbohidrat
yang diproses dengan suhu tinggi)
– Benzena : benzoat +Vit C (bereaksi dengan Cu &Fe
dari air terbentuk radikal OH –dekarboksilasi benzoat
: benzena)
– 3MCPD : terbentuk dari HVP-acid
Bahaya Fisik
• Batu, pecahan kaca, serpihan logam,potongan
plastik..
Bagaimana Mencegah?
• Bahaya Biologi ?
Kendalikan FAT TOM
melalui safety rules
Kendalikan GAP, Good
Bahaya Kimia ? Practices lainnya
Disiplin Pekerja,Penggunaan
Bahaya Fisik? Alat yang tepat
PRINSIP 1.
ANALISIS BAHAYA & PENETAPAN RISIKO
L M H
Peluang Terjadi (Reasonably likely
to occur) l Ll Ml Hl
m Lm Mm Hm*
h Lh Mh* Hh*
* Umumnya dianggap signifikan dan akan diteruskan/dipertimbangkan dalam
penetapan CCP
Jenis bahaya;
Kimia
Fisika Bahaya signifikan
Biologis
T Bukan CCP
T
Dapatkah pencemaran terjadi ?
y T Bukan CCP
y
T CCP
Bukan CCP
• Untuk tiap CCP, tim HACCP hrs menetapkan komponen kritis atau batas
kritis (CL) yg dianggap dpt membedakan antara yg diterima dan yg tdk.
• Batas kritis tidak boleh terlampaui karena sudah merupakan toleransi yg
menjamin bahwa bahaya dapat dikontrol.
• Batas kritis harus mudah diidentifikasi dan dijaga oleh operator proses
produksi perlu diusahakan dlm btk batas2 kritis fisik, dan jika tdk
memungkinkan baru mengarah pada kimia atau mikrobiologi.
• Batas kritis mikrobiologis biasanya tdk digunakan krn membutuhkan wkt
yg relatif lama utk memonitor.
Penetapan Batas Kritis
Batas Kritis :
merupakan perbedaan antara produk yang aman dan tidak
aman.
• Harus di validasi
• Data percobaan
• Saran ahli
• Petunjuk peraturan
• Model Matematika
TINDAKAN SEGERA
- Melakukan adjustment pd proses
- Melakukan tindakan pd produk
- Menghentikan proses
TINDAKAN PENCEGAHAN
- Menetapkan penanggung jawab tindakan koreksi
- Merekam tindakan koreksi
PRINSIP 6.
MENETAPKAN PROSEDUR VERIFIKASI RENCANA
HACCP