p£C[AL FUNCTIONS & INTEGD A

JA ypEE S · 'V1L 1'~

'1fvs
248 t()

1 J- ! en' sin bt' as \s

8. L- '((s~ i -b 1 )
b
1 at 'n bt = - ~
L ( be s1 b (s - a)2 + b2 ~ ~-------l
[BY Shift· : ---Q,~)~ i-~

9 L
.
1
(
- ~
8 -

(s - a) +
~-J
b2
= eat cos bt, as L(eat cos bt):::
ln_g h

~Q,
(s - Q))22~
Q~.
t-Jl'o

i- 1,2
i>e,-t->']

1 ) = ! e"' sinh bt , as
10. L- 1( (s-a).2-b2 b 1

.L (¼ eat sinh btJ= b • (s - at2 -b2 ";::-----....1

(8-Q)~
62
_1( s- a J= e"' cosh bt, as L(eat cosh bt)::: -:---z... . . 0 '
11. L (s - a) 2 - b2 . (~8 -- -~ Q
Q)2 --.. __
. ---~
8
12• L - 1 [ (s2 + a2)2 ] = _!_ t sin at ·
2a

13• L-' [ (s2: a ) ]

22
=~ 3 (sin at - at cos at).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _EXERCISE6.1 _ _ _ _ ___
Find the inve~se Laplace transform ofthe following /unctions:
1 1 3s-8
. 1. - cos - 2. 4 2 25
s s s +

3. 3 (s 2 - 2) 2
2s 5 4.; +(v;s- lJ 7
3s+2
5. 3s s
s 2 + 2s - 8 6.
(s + 3)2 + 4
7. 1 s
2
+s - 2
2
-. s - 6s + 10 8.
s (s + 3) (s - 2)
83
9. 8
s4-a4 10.
(s2 - 1)2
11. 1
ss-aa 12. s2 -10s +·13
(s - 7) (s 2 - 5s + 6)
.13. 2s 2 -6s + 5
s3 - 6s2 + 11s - 6 14. a (s2 - 2a2)
s4 + 4a4_
8 .
15.
s4 + 4a4 16. s+a
2
s+2 (s + 6s + 13)2
17.
(82~+5)2
18. s2 + 6
19. 2s-3 (s2 + 1) (s2 + 4)
82 + 4s + 13 3s+ 7
20.
s2 - 2s - 3
 W)

22, 1
"~ (" II ~ I ) (,, 2 ~ 9) .

___ _ SOLUTIONS_ _ _ _ _ _ __

1,

(-1_]
= 5 L- 1
s2
+ L- I (l_~
s sa12
+ _!_l _.I3 1,- 1 [ - 1_2
s2
s+ 3
l
 = e21 + 2e- 41.
Alternative Method:

3s 3s
-;;--:-.-- : : ----=-- -
s- + 2s - 8 (s + 4) (s - 2)

== -A
- +B
-
s+4 s-2
!Resolving into partial fractions]
:::: -2- + - -1 -
s +4 s-2
 Cf TRANSFORMS 251
£ l AJ1LA ~
,l£~s 2 1
=e
-3 t
cos t - 3 . 2e- at sin 2t

- s +s - 2 = ~ +-1
2 L +__c ... (1)
s + 3 8_2
8, Let s (s + 3) (s - 2) s
(s - 2), we have
Multiplying by s (s +3)
B(s) (s - 2) +C(sj (s +3
) ... (2)
2 = A( s + 3) (s - 2) +
s2. +s -
To find A, putting s = 0
fo (2), we have .
- 2 = A(3)( - 2)

in (2), we have
To find B, putting s = - 3
4 = B( - .3)( - 5) ⇒
B = _!
15

in (2), we have
To find C, putting s = 2
4 = C(2)(5)

s2 +-
s -- 2 - 1 -+ 1 4- -1+ -2 1
- 2
:. Fr om (l) , - -
s (s +3) (s - 2) 3
· s 15 · s + 3 5 · s

L-1 [. (: :~ :( :: 2)H
L-1 (!]+ 1!-L-1 (; ~3
H (;-! 2)
L-
1

= .! +_i e-3 t + ~ e2t

5 .
3 15
A B Cs+ D
s3
) - s-=-·a + s+a +·.~+
s3 a2 ... (1)

9. Let s4 - a4 = (s - a) (s +a) (s2 +a2

2 ve
(s +a) (s +a ), we ha
2
Multiplying by (s - a) 2 2
2 +a2) +( Cs + D) (s - a ) ... (2)
2 +a 2) +B (s - a) (s
s3 = A (s + a) (s
Pu tti ng s = a in (2),
we have
1
a 3 = A (2a) (2a ) ⇒
2 A= 4

, we have
Pu tti ng s = - a in (2) 1
2
. 3
= B ( - 2a ) (2a ) ⇒ B =4
- a

ents of s3 in (2), we have

Comparing the coeffici
l= A +B +C .
1. = l
C = 1 - (A + B) = 1 _ 2 2
252 JA YPEE SPECIAL FUNC
TION S & INTE GRAL TRA
Nsr-0 R
Comparing the co nsta !\.is
nts terms in (2 ), we ha
ve
0 = Aas - Bas - a2D

or D=O

eat + e-atj + 1- cos at = 1

10. Let s
1
=_
2
l 2
s
2 .2
·
- [oosh at + ·cos at} .

(s 2 - 1)2 = (s + (s - 1)2
1)2
A H C
= s +1 +s - 1 +
D
(s + 1)2 '\_ Js - 1) 2 ... (1)
Multiplying (1) by
(s + 1)2
(s - 1)7, we ha ve ·
s = A(s + 1) (s - 1)2
+ B(s - 1) (s + 1)2 +
C(s - 1)2 + D(s + 1) 2
•• .(2)
Pu tti ng s = 1 in (2
), we have 1 = 4D ⇒ 1
D=
4
Pu tti ng s = - 1 in (2
), we have - 1 = 4C ⇒ C = ·- ¼
Comparing th e coef
ficient of s3 on both
side s of (2 ), we ha ve
0 = A+ B
Comparing th e co ns ... (3)
ta nt te rm s on both si
des of (2 ), we ha ve
O = A -B + C + D
A -B = O . [·: C +D = O]
Fr om (3) an d (4), w ... (4 )
e have A = 0, B = 0
From (1), 8
1 1
(s 2 - 1)2 - 4 (s + 1)2 + 4 (s - 1)2
L-1 s =- !_ L -1
(s 2 - 1)2 1 +! .L -1 1
4 (s + 1)2 4 (s - 1)2
1 - t t 1 t
=-
4 e 1 !+ 4 e .t (By sh ift in g proper
ty ]
=! t (et - e- t)
4
 m

1t . .
= i sm.tt
2

1 1
3
s3 - a = (s - a) (s2 +as+ a2)
11, Let
+C-~
A t- ;;Bs-- ... (1)
=- 2 as +a2
s- a s +
3 3
by s - a , we have
Multiplying both sides
2 s +C) (s - a) ... (2)
1 = A(s +as+ a ) +(B
2

have
Putting s = a in (2), we
1
2
1 =3a A ⇒ A= -
3a2

ients of s in (2), we have

2
Comparing the coeffic
1
--
.. O=A+B ⇒ B = 3a2
have
g the co efficients of constant terms in (2), we
Comparin
2
1 =Aa -a C

1 = ! - aC ⇒ aC =_ 3
l ⇒ C =_1_ 3a
,3
1 2
1 1 1 - 3a 2 s - 3a
-2 -a+ -s2+a
- --
From (1), - -3- · s - s+ a2
s3 - a - 3a
1 s+ 2a

l
1 1

L-1s3(~- 1a )=-1 L-1(s_1- a)--1 L-lr S+ ~+

2
fa

+·
2
3 3a2 3a
(•+i)
~ j
HJ' +t•)
8 a )
+ ) l L- 1 [
I _ _1 at l L- 1 [
2 - 3a' 2-+-(f-3-•J-2
(-s-+-; J-
- 3a2 e - 3a2

I
2~1 /A Yl'ff SPECIAL FUNCTIONS & INT£c;1<~f. r,<~

l . ~2 , 'i3 ( -~) ( ~" ) - I - tvs,•0\ ,

~1 ~
. f
,at _ - 1~ e cos - 2 at - 3a 2
2 a L ( · ··- 1

= :k?C 3a' . 8 + +( Qr i) 1
- -n l . j

3a
2 cos -V3 at _ -2a
__ _l_., eat __!__2 e- -"
2
1
1 --
{:f
-a
. -23· at
- sm
e --
2 .
'J
(v~ )
_c-· .

3a'

_ Y:. t

= ~2 If'' - 3!2 e. ~2 cos 2at-

{i e a2 sm
{;f •
2
(£ ]
2at

1 ut .C _!!_t Y3 ]
• -2- at .
== 3a2 [eat - e--_2 cos 2
v3 at - v_c
3 e 2 sm

. s2 - 10s + 13 - s2 - _lOs + 1!____:

12. Let (s _ 7) (s' _ 58 +6) - (s - 7) (s - 2) {s - 3)

A B C
- ~ + -- +--
s-3
(1
··· )
-s-7 s-2
Multiplying by (s - 7) (s 2 - 5s + 6), we have
2

s - 10s + 13 = A(s - 2) (s -3) t B(s - 7) (s - 3) + C(s - 7) (s - 2) ...(2)

To find A, putting s == 7 in (2), we have

- 8 == 20A ~ A == - _g_
5
To find B, putting s == 2 in (2), we have

- 3 == 5B ~ B == - -3
5
To find C, putting s == 3 in (2), we have

- 8 == - 4C ⇒ C == 2
Substituting the values of A, B, C in '. 1J. we get
_s!_~_!Os :t]!___- - ~ .. 1 3 2
~ - 5(; :.2) + ~
L- I ( --
(s - 7) (s' - 5s + 6) -
_s_2 -
(s - ~
10s + 13 l
-fu.7 6) ~-5
5·s
2 r 1 )
L-t _; ~ - 5 L· \ ;:_2
3 ( 1 )

== -
2
·- e 71 -
3
- e2t + 2 :3t
+2 L-11--
, 1 ]
s-3
13. Let 5 5 e ·
__2~ _-:-__6s +_5__ __ 2s 2 - 6s + 5
'i 2 - ----- - ----
8' - 6s + Ils - 6 (s - I) (s - 2) (;:3}
::: - 1L + -!L + _£__
S-I s-2 s-3
... ( 1)
 , i(/' rnAN8I OUM,',
,,,L,',~,
. I Al I 1
·t 111
,,, + Us - 6), WO hav e
· .lvinl{ ( 1) L,y (8' - nH ,
~111ltlP . 1) (H _ 2)
2) (s - 3) + 8(8 - 1) (IJ - :J) +C 8
( • ,,,( 2 )
z/ _(j_q + 5 = A(s -
r. d A putting s = 1 in (2), we have
1 = 2A ⇒ A == ~
1b nil '
have t = _ B ⇒ B=- 1
To find B, putting s = 2 in (2), we
5 = 2C ⇒ c= j
To find c, putting s = 3 in (2), we have
nd C in (1), we have
Substituting the values of A, Ba
2s 2 - 6s + 5 = - -- 1 - 1 -· - ·-5 - -
-- +-·-·- +
- 2 + 11s - 6 2 (s - 1) s - 2 2 (s - 3)
s3 - 6s
1- t (. 2s2 -2 6s + 5 = 1 .L- I 1
J.
(_1-)- 1- J ( - } - ] + QL -1 (- -l 3
s- 2 2 _s
j
s3 - 6s + lh.:.. 6 2 s-

= ! et _ e2t +§. e:~t

2 2
2
2
a (s2 - 2a ) _ a (s 2 - 2a )
14. 84 +
4a4 - (s2 +2a2)2 _ 4a28 2
- a (s2 - 2a2)
2 - 2as + 2a 2) (s 2 + 2as + 2a ).
2
- (s
2 As + B Cs + D
a (s 2 - 2a )
Let (s ,- --
2 2 _+
-as a
--=
_2
2
+
2-) (~ 2+ 2as 2a 2) = s - 2as + 2a
2 + ; 2 + 2as + 2a 2
... (1)

2 2 2as + 2a 2) ... (2)

2) = (~ + B) (s 2 + 2as + 2a ) + (Cs + D) (s -
:. a (s 2 -
2a
, we get
aring the coefficients of s3, s 2, san d constants terms in (2)
Comp ... (3)
A+ C= O
... (4)
2a A+ B- 2a C+ D= a
... (5)
2a 2A + 2aB + 2a C - 2aD = 0
2

2 3 ... (6)
2a 2B + 2a D = - 2a
a from (6) in (4), we get
Putting the value ofB + D = -
2aA - 2aC - a = a
... (7)
or A- C= l

From (3) and (7), we have

2 C) + 2a (B - D) = 0
Si_milarly from (5), 2a (A+
[·:A +C =O I ... (8)
i.e., B- D= O

From (6) and (8), we have

C, D in (1), we have
Substituting the values of A, B,
 JAYPEE SPECIAL FUNCTIONS & INTEGT<AJ ,
- 11("N
sr:01<
l a l a !vis
2 - s- - - - s- -
a(s2 - 2a ) 2 2 2 2
-c------: ~ = 2 2+ 2
s 4 + 4a 4 s - 2as + 2a s + 2as + 2a 2
L- 1[a(s2- 2a2)]_! L-1( s-a J-!L-1 ( s+a
s•:~• -: Cs-a):+a 2
2 (~]
2
or L- 1 (a(s 2a ) = - e0 ' cos at - - e-at cos at
84 + 4a4 2 2

=(e" ~,-•')cos at = sinh at . cos at

15. s s
84 + 4a4 = 54 + 4a2 8 2 + 4a4 _ 4a28 2
s
= (s 2 + 2a 2 ) 2 - (2as) 2
s
= (s 2 + 2as + 2a 2) (s 2 - 2as + 2a 2) ... (1)
Let s As+B Cs+D
(s 2 + 2as + 2a 2) (s 2 - 2as + 2a 2 ) s 2 + 2as + 2a 2 + s 2 - 2as + 2a2

... (2) .
s = (As_+ B) (s 2 - 2as + 2a 2) + (Cs + D) [s 2 + 2as + 2a 2)
... (3)
Compari ng-tbe coefficients of s 3 , s 2 , sand constant terms in (3), we have
0=A+ .C
... (4)
0 = - .2aA + B + 2aC + D
... (5)
1 = 2a2A- 2aB + 2a 2 C + 2aD
... (6)
0 = 2a B + 2a D
2 2

From (7),
Putting this value in (5),
B+D=0
0=-A+ C
- ...(7)

... (8)
Also 0=A+C ... (9)
:. From (8) and (9), A =0 and C = 0
Also from (6) 1 =-2aB +2aD ...(10)
From (5), 0=B+D ... (11)

F:rom (10) and (11), B=-.1_ D=·.1_

4a' 4a
From (2), we have
1 1
s -4a 4a
-,-- ~-~-----=+~---~
s 4 + 4a 4 - s 2 + 2as + 2a 2 s 2 - 2as + 2a 2

L-' (s• :4a}- ia L-' (csr ~z +a+ ia L-t (cs -a~ +.,j 2
 257

. J
[·: L-1 (--~-) 1
(s2 +a2/ . = 2~t sm at

11,
V1 [(s -1i: 1 1
5)2] = - [ l(s /2:22+11 2] .

.
=e-21 1 t sm t.
2
s2 +6 y +6 ... (1)
18, ,Let '(s2 + 1) (s2 + 4) =(y + 1) (y +4) ' where s2 =Y

y+6 =~+~ ... (2)

Let (y + l)'(y + 4) y + 1 y + 4 .
Multiplying both sides by (y + 1) (y +4), we have
y + 6 = A(y +4) +B(y +1) ... (3)

To find A, putting Y = - 1 in (3), we have

5
3A=5 => A=-
3
·To find B, puttingy = - 4 in.(3), we have
- 3B = 2 => B = - ~
' 3

:. From C2), (s' /;)~; + 4) =(i)(s•: 1)-(¾) s2: 4

1-1(c., /:)~~+4)H 1-1 (.,: 1)-11-1(., :4J
5 . 2 1 . 1 .
= sm t - . s_m 2t = (5 sin t - sin 2t ).
3 32 3
19. .1-1(s• ~ !13 ) i. 1- 1(cs ~2f: 9)
= L- 1 ((2s + 4) - 7) ~
(s + 2)2 + 9

=
1' 1 (cs ~2;'.~ 9)- 71~ 1 ( c• + 2~2 + 9)
 JA Yl'EE SPECIAL FUNCTIONS & IN, .

.... 2 L·
-
I ··-
( (s
s+2
+ 2) + 9 2
l -(- 7L I -
1
(s + 2~
.
ECR-11.. .

l
-
. I f<,1"-ls1-,
011
~s
9
= 2e- 'JJ cos 3t - 7e- 21 ½sin 3t
= ½e- 2t (6 cos 3t - 7 sin 3t) .
3s + 7 = 3s + 7 = _A_ + -A_
20. Let 2 2s - 3 (s - 3) (s + l) s- 3 s +I
5 -

3s + 7 = A(s + 1) + B(s - 3)
Takings = 3 in (2), 9 + 7 = 4A
Takings = - 1 in (2), - 3 + 7 = - 4B => B = - I
3s + 7 _4___ 1_
From (1),
s -2s-3 s-3. s+l
2
.

L- I ( 82 ~~ ~ a)= 4LT 1
(s ; a)- V ~ l) = 4e& _ ,-,
1
(8

1 A B C D
21. Let -=-------= =- + - - + - 2 + - - ~2
s 2 (s-a) 2 s s-a s (s-a)
.,.(I)
2 2
1 = As (s - a) +;& (s..:. a)+ C (s -a) 2 + Ds2
.,,(2)
Putting s = 0 in (2), we have l=Ca 2 1
=> C=-
a2
Putting s = a in (2), we have 1 = Da.2 => 1
D=--
a2 .

Comparing the coefficients of s3 in (2), 0 =A + B

Comparing the coefficients of s2 in (2), 0 = - 2aA - aB + C + D
2
2aA + aB = C + D = 2
a-
2
or 2aA-aA= 2 [·: B =-Al
a
. 2
or aA=-
a2

·o r 2
B=--
aa
2 1 21
1 a3 a3 a2 · -a 2
:. From(l), =----+- +---
s 2 (s-a) 2 s s-a s2 (s-a)2
. 1
L- 1 s'l.. (s 1- =1..L-1 !s _ _g_ -1(_1_) _! _ 1 (_!_) _!_L-1~
( a)2 ) a3 (J
a3 L s - a + a2 L s2 + az (s - a)

_1._ 1 2 at l 1 at
-
a
3" -ae
•a
+2t+~e .t
a a
1
 259
LACE TRANSFORMS
./}IV£R5£ LAP
1
= a3 [2 - 2ea1 +at+ atea']

1 1
= a3 [(2 + at) - (2 - at) e" ].

1 1 2
+ ) where y = s
22. Let 8 2 (s2 + l) (s2 + 9)· = y (y + l) (y 9
A B-+ -·C
-
' = -+
y+ l y+ 9
y
1
-1 --1 -- ··
9 8 72
=y - y + l +y + 9 [E.1 shorter ,nethod]

1 1 - -1 . 1 + -1 · . - --l -
-
=- . 2 2
'9 s 8 s 2 + 1 72 s + 9

1 - 1 (s2 (s2 + f) (s2 + 9)) = ! 1 1

- ( s\) ~ 11 -1( 2
8 ~ 1) + 7~ 1 - 1 ( i} 9J

1 1 . 1 .
=gt- B SID t + SID 3t.
216
nsforms
Other Methods For Finding Inverse Tra 1
1 [F(s -a )]= e°' L- F(s).
1
(1) (i) If L- [F(s) ] = f (t) , th en L-
1 [e-a•F(s)] = Jtt - a) u( t - a) fo r any
(ii) If L- 1[F(s)] ;:: ftt) th en L-
a ~ 0 wh er e u( t - a) is a step fu
nction.
...( 1)
·Proof. (i) Here L- 1F(s) = f (t) .
F(s) = L -r{(t)]
i e.' .
. F(s - a) = L [eat f (t)]
or L- 1F(s - a) = eat f (t)
1 [Using (l)J
or 1- 1F(s - a) = eat 1- F(s)
pe rty is kn ow n as shi fti ng pro pe rty of inverse La pla ce tra nsfor-
. (This pro
rnat1on )
ce
o ; Q rlir Pr. t consequence of
second shifting the ore m on Lapla
 c '-'Vlded th e ,·
t' •
nv e rs e
off"" f (s) ds c a n b e ca
tftltt
6fottt' J lc u la te d .
s

froof, As L- 1 \F(s)1 = f (t)

L \f (t)\ = F(s)
. . lr n o W th
a t if L f (t) = F
~e~ (s), th e n

L~~}= rs
F(s)ds

_______
~=L- 1 r s
F(s)ds.

_ _ _ EXERC
ISE 6.2_ _
~ d inverse
fin
the Laplace trans
____
__
. form o f the foll
owing functio
- 1 -
1, ls - a)3
- ns:
· 2. s \
s (s + 1)
1
S, ~~ 4 1
• s2 (s + 2)
1
5, ;: c s 2 + 2 6 s
0 )
• (s + a )2
s
7, a2s2 + b2 8 . 1
• s4 (s2 + 1)
s+2
9. lo ~ + l (s + 2
8 10. lo g (s + 2) 1)
(s + 3)
1 s2 + b 2
11. 2 lo g .s2 + a2 s-1
12. s l o g
s +- 1-
13. log~-::} ·
14. lo g
8
· s2 + 1
(
8 + 1)
15. . tan- 1 2 16 . s+2
s • 2 (s + 1 ) (s ..,. 2)
8

17. c o t- 1 (s + s .
1) 18. ' 2
,s +. ':'2)2
 262

21. " 1 l
2 . (R2
+ ll ·I· 2)2 ·
_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ SOLUTJONS_ _ _ _ __
1
1. We know that L F(s - a)= lf' L- 1 IF(s)I

We rha~ s oo s + a in L.H.S. to get F(s) and find its inverse and

rt,· ";th c"' multi.

Her, L-'[(s _'a)'] e°' L- s;) e"' f! . = I( =

2. We know that L- 1 ( - 1
s+1
-J = e-t

Comparing with 1- 1 lF(s)J = f (t), we have

L i ( -3- !__ - )
s (s + 1)
=ft ft ft e- dt t

0 0 0

1 1
[ ',' If L · 1F(s)I = f (I), then L · ' ( ;: )= rrr
0 0 0
{(I) dtl

t ft [!_,]t dt
= f 1
0 0 O

ft ft [t - ~l_,]t dt
=
f
0
t

0
(1 _ e- ') dt =
0
O

[t2 + -e-t- - - t ]t
=
f 0
t
(t + e- ' - 1) dt = -
2 -1 o

=(~-,--i)-(o+ ~: -0]+ 1 2
- ,·
1
-1+1.
3. We know that L- 1 F(a - a)=e'''L- 1 F(s)
Using this, we have

L· 1( )') =
;(s~ 1 e· t · 1 1
[c;~~) s'] · s to~· -
[By changw,: II
 263

ff tf l
d f ' f e' dt
0 0 0

=e· ' f
tf t. [e'J: dt=e-, fl ft (e'-l)dt
0 0 0 O

4.

L- 1 (
s2 (s
1
+ 2)
J Jt e-
]= t 21 dt
0 0

[·: IW 'IF(s)I =f(t), then L -f;P] =ff f(t) dt]

= rr~:J: dt= f(~; +½)dt

= H'0
(1- ,-" ) dt = ½[t <: i:
_l
- 2
[t + e-
2
21
_ l] !
2
=
4
[2t + e- 21 - 1] .

5.
1
L- 1 ( -s2 + a2 ·-]= Ia sin at

L- 1 ( - !. --:- ] = !a .
,
s2 (s2 + a2)
Jt f t sin at dt
0 (I

=H [•co:at )t
0
t
Odt
 c;pECIAL FUNCTIONS & INTEGRAL Tl{
264 fAYPEE . , ANs1-•o

= 1J,.
2
1.
sm at
(1- cos at) dt == ~2 ( t - ~ . ._
)t

0
]{"-ts

1 ( sin at)= 1- [at - sin at] .

= 2 t- a , avs
a

6
•
L- t·
(s
s .=
+a)2
e- ut L- 1 (s. -/)
8
[Changing 8 to
· 8 .... rt]
- -at L
-e
- 1 [ -1
s - s2
!!.]- . at [ 1 - at] .
- e-

1 1
7. Let 2 2 +b2==
F(s)= as ( b2)
a2. 8 2 +a. -2

L- 1 F(s) = f (t)

L-1 1 =f(t)

a•(••+!:) .·
i.e., 1..2 l sin Q_ t = f (t)
a b a
a
i.e., f (t) = J_ sin !!_ t which gives f.(0) = 0
ab a
1 d
L- s [F(s)] = dt f (t)

1
[·: If L - F(s) =f (O) ~ndf (O): 0, then L -I [sF(s)) :i f(t)]
=
L-' (a•s:+b.)= ! ·!(•in~')= a~ cos~ t -~
1 b. . .
=-cos-t.
2 ·
a a
Alternative Method :
 &&

f TRANSFORMS 265
LApLA C,

,~v
~~SE
"It It It
O O 0
(1- cost) dt

: : t It [f- sin tt dt = It J. t (t - sin t) dt

t

· I0 0 0 0

· ~J \ + t [ 2
cos t
]t/t = J i t2 +
t [
cos t - 1
.
l .
dt
0 . 0 .J

t,
"l~ +sin t - t] =½t +si\l t - t .
O
3

L\f( t)) :: f. 4i
· , s +2]
t 1- 1 log-s+ =f (t) 2) [
Here F(s) = log -- -
s +1
9, Le
,
( s +1
d ) i!_- ,
l
1- 1 - --· [F(s)] = t f (t)
- . ds ; "
[·: IW 1 IF(s)l =f (t), then L _,
J
~

[--i F(s)] = tf (t)]

-1-.1 I_E.-(1og 8 + 2 )]=tf(t) --
i.e., lds~ s+l

or
L" 1 (-;, \Jog (s +2) - Jog (s + 1)\ }=t /(t)

1
1- 11-1- - - -] = t f (t)
or Ls+l s+2 ·
e-t -e-21 = t f (t)
21
Hence f (t) = lt [e-t - e-
'
1.'

10. Let L- 1 [Jog l~• ~• j] f

2~(~): 3) = (t) say

Here
. (_i01LJ
F(s) = log (s + 2) (s + 3) J

Now t'[-!'F(•)]=tf(t) . . ·
i.e.;
L- 1 [- ! {2 log (s + 1) - log (s + 2)-log (s + 3)}] = tf (t)

or
1-1[.-L+2 ~ ~-_
8
_2__ ]= t f
s+3 s+l
(t)

e-21 +e_3, -2e-, = t {(t)

Hence f (t) = 1. (c-21 +e- 3t - 2e- t).

t

n
26b /A ¥PEE SPE~IAL FUNCTIONS & I N T E G l ! A L ~
Ns,_. 01

11. Let L- I(·! log s2 + b2l = f (t) say ii.ts

2 s 2 +a 2 .
••.(l)
2 2
1 s +b
Here F(s) = - log - 2- 2
2 s +a

Now L- 1 [-1 F(s)]= tf(t)

i.e., (!
L- 1 [- .4. lo s22 + b2l
ds 2 g s +a 2
= t f (t) l
or ! 1- 1 [-!!:._ !log (s 2 +b2)- log (s 2 + a2))] = t f (t)
2 ds

or ! L-1 [2~2 - - 2 2s
2 s +a . s + b~
,,]= t {(t)
or 8
!2 . 2 L- 1 [s2-
+-a2 -
\
-~-]=
s2 +b2
t f(t)

(cos at - cos bt) = t f (t)

Hence f (t) =!(cos at--cos bt). -

t

12. Let 1- 1 slog-

(
s - =f(t)
s+l
li
. S'--1
Here F(s) = s log-
st 1
8 1
L- 1 [ - l _<£_(slog - ]] = t f (t)
ds s +1

or L-'[- ! Is log (s-1)-s log (s' + 1))]= t 1/(t)]

or L-'[-ls~l +log(s-l)- :1-log(s+l)) ]=t/(t) .

8

or 1- 1 [-l(- 8
s-1 s+l ]-log~l_l
--
s-lf
8
]= t f(t)
or L -1[ - l2s-1
2s
--lo·. g
s+ll]
_ s-lj
- =tf(t)

or -l[log--- 2s l
s+l --- L =tf(t)
s -1 s 1 2-

L- (log:~ :J-2 Vs'~ 1 =:/(t)

or 1 1

or L- 1 "( log s +
_ {
8
ll - \
2 cosh t ~ t f (t)

or L-
1
( log : ~ : ) = t f (t) + 2 cosh t = ~ (t) say
[q> (t) = t f(t) + 2 cosh t]
 267
c£ rNANSfORMS
. i;ll'l,A
~1it.'~si
' • (T the same result as above, we have
. 0s1n"
ll
1
111
Mit ( - 1) V 1 -dd- [log~..±__ = t $ (t)
s s-1

!
( _ l) L- i [ Jlog (s + I) - log (s - l)i ] = t i > (t)

or (-1) L-1[-1s+l__ -__s--1l__l= t $(ti)

(-1)1- 1 [s -1-s
s -1
-1]
2 =t$(l)

or
L-i[;2\]=t lj>(t)
or
2 sinh t = t [t f (t) + 2 cosh t] r

or 2 sinh t - 2 cosh t = t f (0
~
or
f (t) = 2 [•i:~ t - 0~1!.t]

f (t) == { [sinh (- t cosh t] .

Hence t
1- 1 [F(s)l = f W
13. Let
'( a2j· s2 - a2
F(s), = log 1 - •'-- · =log--s2
where s2

Now
. L-1[-;, l;(,+tf(tJ
s2 -
d log---
V 1[- - a2]
=t f(t)
i.e., ds s2

s2.2s -(s 2-a2)2s]

• I

or -L
. 1[
[~2-=~21-.
1
s"_____
- -- - - =tf(t)
-- - - ~
s2

s2-a2 s4 s]] = t f (t)

2

or _ 1-1 [(-L](2a
or -1- 1 -2a
2

[(s2 - a2) s =tf(t)

- - - l
or -1-1 2a
[ s(s-a)(s+a )
l 2· -t t
-: /()

or .[A
-1- 1 - + - + - =tf(t)B . Cl
s s-a s+a
or - 2 - 1 --+ -1- ] =tf(t)
- L-1 [-+
s s-a s+a
 268 JAYPEE SPECIAL FUNCTIONS & INTEc1~ AI
.,. ~.,. "
I \;()

or 2 L- 1 (l)- (-1-)- (-1-,

s
L- I
s-a
L- 1
s+a ;
= tf (t ) It~,

or (2 - e°' - e-a~ = t f (t )

f (t) = t1[2 - _n1

e- -e -at]

or f(t)=, 1-
2[ If"' + e- ot]
2

Hence f (t) = ~ [1 - cosh al) .

t

14. Let L- 1 (log

1 82
+
., (B + ])
l)) = {Ct )

L- 1 [- _d log
ds S(B+ 1)
_{~_+_!l]~ t f (t)
or V 1
[ '- :fa ,log (•' + 1) - log • - IOR ,. + I l ] - / / (I J
or L- I [-1-~ -s2 + 1
1- 1
s· " + 1
I] e If (I )

or L- I('.!.)+
s
L- I
s+1
(-1-)- 2 L- I( -J ,'l
.!!
7 + 1
r:I t f (I)

or 1 + c- ' - 2 co~ t = t f (I )

f (t) =} (1 + e- ' - 2 cos ti .

15. Let L- 1 [F(s)I ={(I) where F(s) = tan- 1
(~l
Now L-'[- ts (F(s))] = I /(I)

i.e., L-'[- ,!(tan-•m=l/(1)

or
L-'[i~~(- ~)]=1/(1)
or 2 L-
1
[+-]=
s +4
t f (t )

or 1 .
2.
2 sm 2t = t f (t)
f (t) =¾sin 2t.
 269

L. 1 F(s) =f (L) where F(1) ~ cot" (.+ I)

1
17. 1,ct
L. 1( - ~ cot· 1
(s • lJ]= If (I)

or
L- l [-_j_ --;;] f
1 + {s + lt
= t (t)

e-' sint =tf(t)

or
i
f(t) = e-' sin t.

18. Let L- 1 F(s) = f (t) where F(s) = (s n +a)2

{_fil_L-l[Joo
t
- ., S ·> • ds
(s .. + a-) 2
l
r
s .
1
[·: IW l (F(s)I = f (I), then L. 1 F(s) ds ='; 1
)

= L° I ½ r
s
2
(s + a'r~ 2s ds