1.

Title of the Project Proposal:

 Air Pollution Surveillance and Anticipation system using Zigbee with

IoT and Nano particles.

 Air pollution monitoring and control with ARDUINO and

Nanotechnology

 Air filter system with nano particles and Zigbee .

 IoT based Air purifier system using Nano particles.

2. Project Keywords: ARDUINO, Zigbee, IoT, Air pollution, nano technology

3. Objectives of the proposal:

 To display the values of the pollutants such as sulphur dioxide,carbondioxide etc

on the digital board thereby creating the awareness among public to control air
pollution

 To send the alert messages along with location to air pollution control board so
that it can take up the necessary action to control air pollution

 To maintain a repository of pollutants in the air to diagnose the pollution effects.

 To control the air pollution using vandalium nano particle as a nano catalyst.

Overview of project
1. The project aims at measuring levels of harmful gases in air,temperature and humidity of
the air contributing to air quality index of the particular region
2. The reading values are made to be displayed in the Digital board obtained from the gas
sensors, humidity sensors, temperature sensors.
3. The values can be linked to air pollution control board of that region and alert message
can be sent if it crosses the threshold values of pure air.
4. Background of the project:
[1]A real-time ambient air quality monitoring wireless sensor network for schools in
smart cities
Authors:H. Ali, J. K. Soe, Steven. R. Wel
Published in: Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 2015 IEEE First International
The work highlights on solar powered air monitoring system based on zigbee network
modules.The sensors working on the solar collect value from the air and note the real
time data values of pollutants such as carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen dioxide(NO2),It
also enables the authority to monitor the air quality conditions on Desktop/Laptop
through the app called as LabView.The sytem also alerts the concerned board if air
quality characteristics cross the normal compositions of pure air.

[2]Polluino: An efficient cloud-based management of IoT devices for air quality

monitoring
Published in: Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better
tomorrow (RTSI), 2016 IEEE 2nd International Forum
The work proposes the huge collection of data for managing the quality of air ,To process
such data IOT cloud platform is used via Arduino hence the name of the project as
polluino.The collection of data periodically helps in monitoring the atmosphere and keeps
us ready for the environmental disasters.

[3]A wireless system for indoor air quality monitoring

Published in: Industrial Electronics Society , IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of
the IEEE
Authors: R du Plessis, A Kumar, GP Hancke
The system uses the concept of HVAC i.e heating,ventilation,Air conditioning smart
home system for indoor air quality measurements of carbon monoxide and Nitrogen
dioxide as well the temperature of the individual room embedded only for a particular
building using IoT platform.

In this project of ours the statistical readings are noted for the region of hubballi Dharwad
which is highly essential to monitor the quality of air collected in the month of February
shown in fig 1 and fig 2.The graph along x axis represents the days of the month of February
and air quality index at Deshpande nagar on hourly basis.The second figure represents the
measurement of pollute of 2.5 micrograms at the same area.This can be controlled using Air
pollution monitoring and control system.The prior survey of composition of CO2 and NO2
are carried out and listed in the TABLE 1 and TABLE 2 from the past years 2012- 2018.

Fig 1: The graph representing Air quality index for the month of February on hourly basis in
Deshpande nagar hubballi

Fig 2: The graph representing particulate pollutant of 2.5 microns for the month of February
on hourly basis in Deshpande nagar hubballi
 5. TABLE 1: NORMAL COMPOSITION OF PURE AIR
Air component Chemical formulae Percent volume
Nitrogen N2 78.08%
Oxygen O2 20.95%
Water H2O 0 to 4%
Argon Ar 0.93%
Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.0360%
Neon Ne 0.0018%
Helium He 0.0005%
Methane CH4 0.00017%
Hydrogen H2 0.00005%
Nitrous Oxide N2O 0.00003%

6. TABLE 2: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY INDEX OF HUBBALI-DHARWAD FROM

2012-2018
Year SO2 in micro grams NO2 in micro grams PM10 in micro grams
per cubic meter per cubic meter per cubic meter
2012-13 7.0 16.0 80.0
2013-14 6 15.0 86.0
2014-15 5 19 75.0
2015-16 5.5 20 69.0
2016-17 5.5 22 76.0
2017-18 5.2 21 67.2
Standards 50.0 40.0 60.0
 5.Methodology:

The figure 1 proposes a model of the project ,a block of sensors to measure the harmful gases in
air are used namely carbondioxide sensor,nitrogen dioxide sensor and air quality sensor.There
are standard values for these harmful gases listed in the table 1.The three implanted sensors
measure the concentration of the gases and would display on the digital board connected to the
Arduino uno containing ATmega 16 microcontroller helps to build and interact with the objects
that can sense and control the objects in the physical world.The air quality sensor i.e MQ135 is
used to detect ammonia and nitrogen dioxide ,co2,benzene ,smoke and as well different
poisonous gases that affect the air quality.This sensor is made up of the inorganic compound
called as tin dioxide ,it does the lower conductivity in cleaning the atmosphere.The amplification
process is carried by 2N2222 transistor operating at moderately high speed.A DC motor fan can
be used to convert direct electrical energy into mechanical energy to change the periodic
direction of the current flow in the motor.NodeMCU is an open IOT platform which runs on the
ESP-12 module using Lua scripting language.This IOT platform enables us to connect to online
website thingspeak as an alternative option and get the works done for you.
The parameter air quality index is to convert the level of the pollutants received from different
nodes to specified pollution standards known as air quality index using the formulae
Air Quality Index=(Pollutants level/Standard pollution level)*100.
It is explained with the below example as
The level of pollutant standard for NO2 and SO2 are 0.15 and 0.13 ppm. The different index
values for the established atmospheric levels are listed in the Table 2.If the nitrogen levels are
around 15% in air ,and index value of clean air is 90 then AQI 16.66 which falls in the category
of clean air.
TABLE 3:
Index value Measurement of pollution in air
0-100 Clean Air
101-125 Minute Air Pollution
126-150 Significant Air pollution
>150 Heavy Pollution.

TABLE 4:
Pollutant Level
CO2 0-10000ppm
NO2 53ppb-100ppb
SO2 75ppb

The figure 2 represents the architecture of the APMCS ,it consists of Zigbee module and cloud
storage to establish the network for the project.There is a component called zigbee coordinator
module functioning as the collector of data and establishment of connection with other devices
named as zigbee end devices.These segments work as physical and MAC layer performing the
power control,modulation,demodulation operating at frequency band of 2.4GHZ operating at a
speed of 2Mbps speed mentioned in the Table 3.The server is connected to zigbee modem via
RS-232 communication standard .The two components of zigbee help in transformation of data
and save it to the database i.e of the cloud storage.The Architecture includes all the hardware
materials listed in the table 3.The connections of the components is explained in next section.
Table 5:Frequency bands for zigbee
Device ISM Band Max Bit Rate Ch Vcc range Package
ATmega 2.4GHz 2Mbps 16 1.8-3.6 QFN64
128RFA1

AT86RF212 780MHz 1Mbps 1 1.8-3.6 QFN32

868MHz
915MHz
AT86RF231 2.4GHz 2Mbps 16 1.8-3.6 QFN32

Architecture of proposed scenario

Fig 4: Architecture of APMCS- Air pollution monitoring controlling system

Working of the APMCS
1.Design and Develop an architecture to interact with sensor nodes through Internet of things .
2.Collect the values and readings from air quality sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, Nitrogen
dioxide sensor from a region of interest.
3.Filter and preprocess the invalid readings and classify the readings crossing above threshold
mark from different sensor nodes and transmit to a M2M gateway via zigbee module with
accurate data values.
4.Data collected needs to be visualized in the form of tables and line graphs.
5.Sending alert messages to the air pollution control board of that region when particular
pollutant crosses the normal value through RS232 serial communication to the zigbee and then to
control board.
6.Storing the data in the cloud for future reference and continuously updating the values in the
digital board installed at public places of that particular region.
7.The reports and documents would be generated on monthly basis or weekly basis to control air
pollution by appropriate organizations.
Connections
1.Voltage from DTH power supply, ground is connected to +5V and 0V and signal can be
connected to the digital pin number 8 of Arduino uno.
2.To display the Digital board readings, connect it to pin 12 of Arduino uno,R/W pin to
ground,VSS pin to ground,VCC pin to 5V,10K resistor to 5V,ground and wiper to Digital pin
3.The datapins of DHT are connected to Digital pin of NodeMCU is an opensource IOT
platform.
4.The base of 2N2222 transistor is connected to pwm pin Arduino board.
Table 6: Hardware Architecture
Sl.n Hardware Components required
o
1 ATMEGA16 microcontroller
2 Sensor arrays
CO2 sensor
NO2 sensor
Air Quality sensor
3 Zigbee modules
4 Central Server
5 Arduino UNO
 6 DTH 11
7 2N222 Transistor
8 Potentiometer
9 NodeMCU
10 12-0-12 Transformer

Position of sensors
Analytic Hierarchy process(AHP) and Cellular Automata

Locations of monitoring the

specific positions of Air sensors

Traffic in Road Lanes,

Region wise Heating Residential layout Industrial Activities

A I- A II-A III-A IV-A V-A VI-

A VII- A VIII-A IX- A X- A XI- A XII

Fig : AHP hierarchy for the selection of sensor positions for the 12 major areas
Fig:Potential Positions of the air quality monitoring sensors in the case study area.

Area Region wise Traffic Industrial Global

heating Activities weighs
A1 0.169 0.0214 0.0141 0.0244
A2 0.2974 0.0149 0.0114 0.0288
A3 0.12915 0.0546 0.0434 0.05088
A4 0.0364 0.0434 0.0114 0.0202
A5 0.0251 0.0159 0.0411 0.0344
A6 0.08 0.0346 0.129 0.1043
A7 0.1134 0.2832 0.2008 0.2147
A8 0.0156 0.0271 0.1515 0.1151
A9 0.0482 0.0546 0.0674 0.1614
A10 0.0431 0.0689 0.2008 0.1126
A11 0.0156 0.1685 0.1017 0.1128
A12 0.0127 0.2128 0.0275 0.0698
TABLE : Results of AHP for the localization of monitoring sensors.
The displacement of each sensor is determined stochastically according to the following procedure:

1) The coefficient 𝑘 of polluted areas coverage is calculated for the current location of the sensor

certain cell, the 𝑘 coefficient is defined as the weighted sum of polluted cells within the Moore
and for the other future possible positions, that is, the eight cells in its neighborhood. Given a

neighborhood of the cell under consideration; the weights are chosen to decrease exponentially

2) A probability 𝑝 is assigned to each possible displacement on the basis of the calculated

with the distance from the central cell in which the sensor is located.

coefficients.
3) The future position of the sensor is determined by random extraction among the nine
possibilities, according to the probabilities .
4) The new sensor configuration of is then compared with the previous one in order to assess
whether it determines a greater overall coverage of polluted areas. The overall coverage is
computed as the sum of the coefficients of all sensors, also adding negative penalties if pairs of
sensors lie in adjacent cells or in the same cell. The new configuration is accepted if it results in
an increase of global coverage, otherwise it is discarded and the system remains in the previous
configuration. According to this rule, the positions of the sensors in the case study were changed
compared to the initial state and the configuration were determined, ensuring a wider coverage
of the polluted area.

4. Milestones with time schedule & work plan

5. List of equipment available in your Institute/College for the project implementation

Sl.no Equipment Purpose

1
2
3
4

6. List of equipment required for Phase-I & Phase-II for Project Implementation (as
per the instruction Sl.No.27 under Annexure-II)
Sl.No. Specification Estimated Justification
cost
a) Non-recurring expenditure
Workstation Processor: Used as Master
Intel Xeon E-2104 (Quad Core) server embedded
3.2GHz, 8MB Cache 2133 with the VMMS
MHz FSB module for
Memory: processing all the
32 GB RAM, 64GB upgradable raw memory
(2slots) dumps received
Storage: from the
2 X 1 TB SATA HDD, monitored nodes.
3.5" SATA, Integrated RAID 0,
1,5,10 (RAID 121i)
1 X 480GB SATA SSD
Power:
MULTI BURNER ,
250W Normal power supply
Peripherals 28 inch LED Monitor,
USB Keyboard and monitor

b) Recurring expenditure
I Year

1 AWS /GCP Subscription to AWS/GCP

Subscription account for experimentation
and testing of modules before
migrating to the local server

2 Stationaries Stationaries for

documentation of the project
 and other misc.

7. Relevance, importance & application of the project:

Air pollution is one of the major problems in the world amid these pandemic years, but
still it can be controlled by monitoring the contents of air. The pollutants such as carbon
dioxide, nitrogen dioxides, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. When these harmful
gases rise above the normal content in the air , these gases spoil the atmospheric air by
combining with the purest form of air leading to pollution of the atmosphere. When these
gases are inhaled by living creatures, it affects the health of the individual and leading to
death of man. Hence this project proposes for the controlling of the air pollutants and
measuring the contents of these pollutants and alerting the air pollution control board of
the respective state or area.The air pollution board will be activated and takes the
necessary action to be executed. The people need periodic information about the quality
of air and weather conditions .The government can use this facility in air quality forecasts
so that people who are sensitive to air pollutants can note a record of it ,In this way this
system is helping the government to devise an indexing and efficient system to measure
and control the air pollution in India. The pollutants are the parameters whose values are
fetched from the air pollution control board of Karnataka and are used for setting the
threshold value. The Air quality index is collected and is compared with the
concentration of ambient air quality standards Thus this is the wireless sensor network-
based system which uses WSN, sensors, zigbee networks and helps in getting data from
air pollutants.

The projects explains the topology for the position of sensors to be placed in the
particular area and monitors the pollutants of the air so that when these pollutants cross
the threshold values alerts the concerned board and overcomes the future disasters of the
atmosphere.

Thereby the nature is preserved in its purest form with this system.

This application can be used in the category of smart cities development under the
government schemes.

The poisonous gases emitted can be monitored on the traffic thus helping the citizens to
take precautions such as message them to wear masks if you are travelling to that
particular region.
 8. Novelty/Uniqueness of the project proposal:

The unique LORAWAN network with zigbee technology of a particular bandwidth for
monitoring the activities in the smart cities

It acts like emergency backup to avoid the harm to human life and nature by alerting with
messages.

The project uses the multi way decision making algorithm called AHP and cellular
automata which is a mathematical model for the optimization of placement of sensors.

The control of air pollution also can be achieved with nano catalyst vanadium with
titanium dioxide in surrounding places by coating the rooftops.

The cellular automata is considered for 12 regions here but can still be extended to
occupy more regions and measure the large volume of data

.
9. Whether this project leads to innovations and patents, if yes explain:
Yes .
It leads to innovation and patents based on the types pollutants emitted in the air the different
gas sensors can be implanted and a new controlling nanao catalyst can be used.

10. Whether this project leads to cost effective Technology, if yes explain :
Yes
11. Whether this project leads to a Startup, if yes explain
Yes.

12. Additional details about the Project, if any :

13. Deliverables of the project:

 A Dynamic monitoring System module for Internet Of things -IoT platform.

 A Centralized repository having various measures of poisonous gas levels at every
region of interest.
 Advanced Machine Learning Models for detection and Classification of Malware.
  A Centralized monitoring framework in the hybrid network communication models
and nano technology.
 New practical counter-measures for robust learning.
 A platform demonstrating newly-developed capabilities in IoT and ML algorithms,
suitable for protection of nature.
 Publications in leading international conferences/journals.

14. Whether the project involves collaboration with research Institution/Industry: If

yes, please enclose a letter to this effect

Yes