QUESTION BANK

BIOLOGY
UNIT – 3
MICROBIOLOGY IN HUMAN LIFE
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1. Which one is not studied in microbiology?

a) bacteria
b) fungi
c) animal behaviour
d) algae

2. Who discovered that disease caused by invisible living creatures?

a) Schwann and Virchow

b) Hooke and Schleiden
c) Lucretius and Fracastoro
d) Pasteur and Ross

3. What is Mycology?

a) study of viruses
b) study of bacteria
c) study of nucleic acid
d) study of fungi

4. What are blue-green algae called?

a) urobacteria
b) cyanobacteria
c) protozoa
d) none of the above

5. Prokaryotic microorganisms include

a) protozoa
b) fungi
c) bacteria
d) all the above

6. Study of pathogenic microorganisms like protozoa and helminths is called as

a) bacteriology
b) mycology
c) virology
d) parasitology
7. Eukaryotic microorganisms include

a) protozoa
b) fungi
c) algae
d) all the above

8. The discipline that utilizes systems or process of organisms to obtain a desired product is

a) microbiology
b) immunology
c) biotechnology
d) virology

9. Following is the branch of study that plays a vital role in the diagnosis, prevention,
treatment, and control of infectious diseases

a) genetic engineering
b) medical microbiology
c) microbial taxonomy
d) parasitology

10. Microbial taxonomy deals with

a) diagnosis and treatment of diseases

b) naming and identification of microorganisms
c) product development
d) none of the above

11. Which one of the following is NOT true regarding prokaryotes?

a) possess a true membrane-delimited nucleus

b) have a much simpler morphology
c) bacteria are prokaryotes
d) fungi are not prokaryotes

12. The first drawing of a microorganism was published in ‘Micrographia’ by

a) Jakob Schleiden
b) Rudolf Virchow
c) Robert Hooke
d) Louis Pasteur
13. -------------------------------- developed a microscope which can magnify around 50 to 300 times.

a) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

b) Rudolf Virchow
c) Louis Pasteur

14. What are blue-green algae called?

a) urobacteria
b) cyanobacteria
c) protozoa
d) none of the above

15. The common word for bacteria which are spherical in shape is

a) bacilli
b) cocci
c) spirilla
d) pleomorphic

16. Bacilli are

a) curved and helical

b) spherical and clustered
c) rods and vary in length
d) pleomorphic

17. Helically curved bacterial rods are called as

a) bacilli
b) cocci
c) pleomorphic
d) spirillar

18. Cocci arranged in clusters like bunches of grapes are

a) streptococci
b) staphylococci
c) spirochetes
d) bacilli

19. Cocci arranged in chains are

a) staphylococci
b) streptococci
c) spirillar
d) coccobacilli
20. Viruses require --------------------- for growth.

a) bacteria
b) plants
c) animals
d) living cells

21. Disease/s caused by viruses is/are

a) smallpox
b) rabies
c) influenza
d) all the above

22. Viruses that infect the skin are classified as

a) viscerotropic
b) dermotropic
c) pneumotropic
b) arboviruses

23. Which of the following CANNOT be the genetic material of a virus?

a) DNA
b) RNA
c) DNA or RNA
d) DNA and RNA

24. One of the following statements is FALSE regarding viruses?

a) genetic material of a virus can be DNA or RNA

b) can reproduce independent of the cells
c) possess simple and acellular organization
d) dermotropic viruses are those that can infect the skin

25. Antibiotics are

a) chemicals produced by microorganisms in low concentrations

b) capable to kill other microorganisms
c) produced by higher plants and animals
d) all the above

26. Following is the antibiotic that belongs to the aminoglycosides group

a) rifamycin
b) tetracycline
c) amphothericin B
d) streptomycin
27. Penicillin belongs to

a) nucleosides
b) beta-lactams
c) peptides
d) polyenes

28. Nigericin belongs to

a) polyenes
b) polyethers
c) macrolides
d) linocosaminides

29. Nomenclature of antibiotics can be based on

a) chemical name
b) generic or common name
c) trade or brand name
d) all the above

30. Following is/are the need/s for antibiotics

a) microorganisms develop multiple resistances to common antibiotics

b) anti-fungal antibiotics are not existing in sufficient number
c) anti-tumor and anti-parasitic drugs are not existing
d) all the above

31. Following microbe was previously considered non-pathogenic and later gained new status as
pathogens

a) Proteus sp.
b) Acinetobacter sp.
c) Yeasts
d) all the above

32. Antibiotics are classified based on the chemical group into

a) 10 groups
b) 13 groups
c) 12 groups
d) 9 groups
33. The classification of antibiotics into 13 groups is based on

a) the mode of infection

b) the site of infection
c) the target organisms
d) the chemical structure

34. Myxin belongs to the following chemical group

a) polyenes
b) chloramphenicol
c) phenazines
d) peptides

34. Following is an immediate or temporary immunity formed by injecting the antibodies

formed by another animal

a) active immunity
b) passive immunity
c) active immunity and passive immunity
d) none of the above

35. Vaccines can provide

a) passive natural immunity

b) active natural immunity
c) active artificial immunity
d) passive artificial immunity

36. Following is not an example of live attenuated vaccine

a) oral polio vaccine

b) measles vaccine
c) yellow fever vaccine
d) tetanus toxoid

37. Killed vaccines are

a) those in which virulent organisms killed by vigorous treatment destroying the

antigenic determinants
b) those in which virulent organisms killed as mildly as possible without destroying
the antigenic determinants
c) those that give immunity in a single dose of administration
d) all the above
38. Following is not a killed vaccine

a) TAB vaccine
b) cholera vaccine
c) whooping cough vaccine
d) polio vaccine

39. Bacterial toxoids are

a) inactivated bacterial exotoxins

b) inactivated by formalin treatment
c) harmless
d) all the above

40. Subunit vaccines are

a) whole organism vaccines

b) surface molecule vaccines
c) killed vaccines
d) attenuated vaccines

41. Subunit vaccines are available for all the following diseases except

a) typhoid
b) whooping cough
c) hepatitis B
d) cholera

42. Following is an example of licensed conjugate vaccine

a) hepatitis B vaccine
b) polio vaccine
c) Haemophilus influenzae type b
d) whooping cough vaccine

43. In silico analysis approach is used in the following method to identify new vaccine targets

a) conjugate vaccine production

b) reverse vaccinology
c) subunit vaccine production
d) production of traditional vaccines

44. Smallpox leads to

a) passive natural immunity

b) active natural immunity
c) active artificial immunity
d) passive artificial immunity
45. Ready-made antibodies are introduced into the body leads to

a) active artificial immunity

b) passive artificial immunity
c) passive natural immunity
d) active natural immunity

46. Kidney cells of rhesus monkeys are used in the production of

a) tetanus vaccine
b) TAB vaccine
c) cholera vaccine
d) salk polio vaccine

47. Clostridia are

a) gram-negative non-spore forming aerobic rods

b) gram-positive spore-forming anaerobic rods
c) gram-positive non-spore forming aerobic rods
d) gram negative spore-forming anaerobic rods

48. Which one of the following is correct?

a) Clostridium tetani – tetanus; Clostridium botulinum – botulism; Clostridium welchii

– gas gangrene
b) Clostridium tetani – botulism; Clostridium botulinum – tetanus; Clostridium welchii –
gas gangrene
c) Clostridium tetani – gas gangrene; Clostridium botulinum – tetanus; Clostridium
welchii – botulism
d) Clostridium tetani – gas gangrene; Clostridium botulinum – botulism; Clostridium
welchii – tetanus

49. Corynebacterium is a/an

a) anaerobic pathogen
b) aerobic pathogen
c) non-pathogenic aerobe
d) non-pathogenic anaerobe

50. The control standards remain stringent for

a) killed vaccines
b) killed toxins
c) live vaccines
d) killed microorganisms
51. Actinomycetes and Filamentous fungi are known to produce

a) vaccines
b) antibiotics
c) toxins
d) toxoids

52. A) Tetramycin - i) Streptomyces aureofaciens

B) Aureomycin - ii) Penicillium notatum
C) Chloromycetin - iii) Streptomyces rimosus
D) Penicillin - iv) Streptomyces venezuelae

a) A – iii; B – i; C – iv; D – ii
b) A – i; B – iii; C – iv; D – ii
c) A – ii; B – iv; C – iii; D – i
d) A – iv; B – i; C – ii; D – iii

53. Dextrans are used as

a) paints
b) blood absorbents
c) food thickener
d) drilling mud additive

54. Erwinia polysaccharides are used

a) as blood absorbents
b) in paints
c) in plastics
d) in oil industry

55. Acetobacter strain produces --------------------------, that are used as a food thickener.

a) polysaccharides
b) cellulose microfibrils
c) xanthan polymers
d) dextrans

56. --------------------------- enhance oil recovery by improving water flooding and the displacement
of oil.

a) cellulose microfibrils
b) xanthan polymers
c) dextrans
d) polyesters
57. The most used microbially produced biosurfactants are

a) glycolipids
b) phosphoproteins
c) glycoproteins
d) none of the above

58. Following is the nature of a biosurfactant

a) wetting
b) phase dispersion
c) emulsification
d) all the above

59. Crop residues serves as the substrates to produce

a) biofuels
b) surfactants
c) polymers
d) organic acids

60. Following are the polysaccharides involved in the production of biofuels

a) glucose
b) xylose
c) mannose
d) all the above

61. Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae can ferment

a) mannose
b) xylose
c) galactose
d) arabinose

62. E. coli strain that expresses the genes of Zymomonas mobilis can ferment

a) xylose
b) mannose
c) galactose
d) all the above
63. The substrate/s used to produce biofuels is/are

a) cellulose
b) hemicellulose
c) cellulose and hemicellulose
d) none of the above

64. 1. Following statement/s is/are true regarding bioremediation

a) reduction of the concentration of hazardous elements below toxic levels with

microorganisms
b) in situ and ex situ are two broad types of bioremediation
c) helps to create an eco-friendly environment
d) all the above

65. Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation are the processes of

a) ex situ bioremediation
b) in situ bioremediation
c) both ex situ and in situ bioremediations
d) none of the above

66. Stimulating activity of microorganisms by providing nutrients is

a) biostimulation
b) bioaugmentation
c) ex situ bioremediation
d) biodiesel production

67. Incorporation of microbes in the subsurface environment to overcome the deficiency of

decontaminating microbes is

a) biostimulation
b) bioaugmentation
c) ex situ bioremediation
d) biodiesel production

68. Bacterial consortium ‘oilzapper’ used for remediation of oil sludge is an example of

a) ex situ bioremediation
b) in situ bioremediation
c) biostimulation
d) bioaugmentation
69. Chromium, Magnesium, Sodium, Copper are the metals that are

a) non-toxic
b) significant biologically
c) toxic
d) biodegradable

70. Following are the microbes involved in metal sorption

a) Rhizopus
b) Aspergillus
c) Saccharomyces
d) all the above

71. Heavy metal absorption is possible by

a) Aspergillus niger
b) Aspergillus versicolor
c) Volvariella volvacea
d) all the above

72. Harnessing the recovery of minerals and metals from the earth’s crust is

a) bioremediation
b) biomining
c) biostimulation
d) bioaugmentation

73. The ability of microorganisms to solubilise metals from their insoluble state is

a) biomining
b) bioleaching
c) bioaugmentation
d) biostimulation

74. Microorganisms are used in

a) biomining
b) enhanced oil recovery
c) heavy metal absorption
d) all the above
Answer the following (4 marks) – Draw diagrams wherever necessary

1) Write a note on discovery of microorganisms.

2) Write a note on viruses.
3) Write a note on bacteria.
4) Write a note on traditional vaccines.
5) Write a note on surface molecule vaccines.
6) Write a note on conjugate vaccines.
7) Write a note on reverse vaccinology.
8) Write a note on the following terms.
i) active natural immunity
ii) active artificial immunity
iii) passive natural immunity
iv) passive artificial immunity
9) Write a note on the production of Salk Polio Vaccine.
10) Write a note on the production of bacterial toxoids.
11) Write a note on the production of killed bacterial vaccines.
12) Write a note on the control of vaccines.
13) Write a note on antibiotics.
14) Write a note on organic acids.
15) Write a note on biopolymers.
16) Write a note on biosurfactants.
17) Write a note on biofuels.
18) Write a note on microbial bioremediation.
19) Write a note on biomining.
20) Write a note on microbially enhanced oil recovery.

Answer the following (12 marks) – Draw diagrams wherever necessary

1) What are antibiotics? Explain the nomenclature and classification of antibiotics

along with the need for antibiotics.
2) What are vaccines? Explain the traditional and modern methods of vaccine
production.
3) Explain the applications of microbes in the various aspects of industrial
microbiology.
4) Explain the applications of microbes in the various aspects of environmental
microbiology.