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    Lesson 3 - Intermolecular Forces - Final

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    saba
    Biology Grade 12

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    Lesson 3 - Intermolecular Forces - Final

    Uploaded by

    saba
    1 views18 pages
    Biology Grade 12

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    lesson_3_-_intermolecular_forces_-_final_

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    Biology Grade 12

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views18 pages

    Lesson 3 - Intermolecular Forces - Final

    Uploaded by

    saba
    Biology Grade 12

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Intermolecular Forces

    S BI 4 U
    Types of Forces
    INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES:
    • the attractive force between atoms within a molecule
    • the attractive force between ions within an ionic crystal
    • very strong forces
    • include ionic and covalent bonds

    INTERMOLECULAR FORCES:
    • The attractive forces between molecules
    • weaker than intramolecular forces
    Intermolecular Forces (IMF)

    Intermolcular Forces

    Dipole-Dipole Forces Ion -Dipole Forces Hydrogen Bonds London Dispersion Forces

    ONLY POLAR MOLECULES ALL MOLECULES


    Dipole – Dipole Forces
    Attractive forces between polar molecules that have a permanent dipole. Dipole – Dipole forces are the
    strongest intermolecular force, but weaker than a covalent bond.

    The positive dipole of one


    molecule is attracted to
    the negative dipole of
    another.
    Ion – Dipole Forces
    An Ion-dipole bond is an attractive force between an ion (anion or cation) and a molecule with a
    permanent dipole.

    Ion-dipole forces are the


    strongest IMF due to the strong
    charge of an ion relative to a
    dipole.
    Hydrogen Bonds
    A hydrogen bond is typical formed betweenthe lone pair of an electronegative atom and the
    hydrogen that is bound to either an oxygen, nitrogen or fluoride atom.
    London Dispersion Forces
    Van der Waals forces occur between nonpolar molecules with temporary dipoles. Due to the
    electrons that are constantly in motion, hot spots are created within the molecules.

    The molecules must be close


    together in order for these
    forces to occur.
    Relative Forces of IMFs

    RELATIVE
    TYPE OF FORCE EXHIBITED BY
    STRENGTH
    Ion-Ion very strong Ionic Compounds

    Ion - Dipole strong An ion and a molecule with a permanent dipole

    Hydrogen bond moderate Molecules with an O-H, N-H, or H-F bond

    Dipole – Dipole weak Molecules with a permanent dipole

    London Dispersion very weak All molecules


    Water
     Water is required for all life on Earth.
     Cells are 70 – 95 % water.
     Extracellular fluid is also water-based
     Aqueous medium contains dissolved proteins, nutrients and
    ions essential for functioning.

    What’s so special about water?


     polar – due to bent shape
     water molecules will from hydrogen bonds between
    one another
    Properties of Water
    1. Water Clings.
    • Cohesion
    • Adhesion

    2. Water absorbs lots of heat


    • High specific heat capacity and hear of vaporization.
    • Moderates air/land temperature
    • Allows animals to thermo-regulate via evaporative cooling.
    Properties of Water
    3. Solid water is less dense than liquid water.
     Highest density at 4ᴼC
     Ice floats on liquid water
     Prevents bodies of water from freezing solid
    Properties of Water
    4. Water is a versatile solvent.
     Charged ends have a high affinity for charged ions and polar covalent substances.
     Allows many solutes to be dissolved and transported within the body.
    Solubility of Substances in Water
    Water is a great solvent due to its polarity.

    Water is great at dissolving both ionic (+,-) compounds and polar (partial
    positively, partial negatively charged molecules) molecules.
    Solubility of Substances in Water
    Hydrophilic Properties:
    Solubility of Substances in Water
    Hydrophobic Properties:

    E.g Non-polar compounds are insoluble in water.

    Oil – non-polar compound of carbon and hydrogen.


    Homework
    • Complete the IMFs Worksheet

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