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    Biology

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    Biology

    Uploaded by

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    27 views2 pages

    Biology

    Uploaded by

    koustav.maity.08

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Microbial Diseases in Humans:

    1. Bacterial Diseases:

    o Causative Agents: Bacterial diseases are caused by various bacteria. Some common
    examples include:

     Salmonella: Causes food poisoning and is transmitted through contaminated


    food and water.

     Streptococcus pyogenes: Responsible for strep throat and skin infections.

     Escherichia coli (E. coli): Associated with gastrointestinal infections.

     Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Causes tuberculosis (TB).

    o Mode of Transmission: Bacteria can be transmitted through direct contact (e.g.,


    person-to-person), contaminated food and water, or even via sexual contact1.

    2. Viral Diseases:

    o Causative Agents: Viruses cause a wide range of diseases. Examples include:

     Influenza virus: Causes the flu.

     Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Responsible for AIDS.

     Herpes simplex virus: Causes cold sores and genital herpes.

    o Mode of Transmission: Viruses can spread through respiratory droplets, blood,


    sexual contact, or contaminated surfaces.

    3. Fungal Diseases:

    o Causative Agents: Fungi cause fungal infections. Examples include:

     Candida albicans: Causes yeast infections.

     Trichophyton: Responsible for ringworm.

    o Mode of Transmission: Fungi can be transmitted through direct contact,


    contaminated soil, or contaminated objects.

    Microbial Diseases in Animals:

    1. Zoonotic Diseases:

    o These are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Examples
    include:

     Rabies: Transmitted through bites from infected animals (usually dogs or


    bats).

     Anthrax: Can be transmitted from livestock to humans.

     Avian influenza (bird flu): Spreads from birds to humans.

    o Mode of Transmission: Contact with infected animals, their secretions, or


    contaminated environments.
    Microbial Diseases in Plants:

    1. Plant Pathogens:

    o Causative Agents: Plant diseases are caused by various pathogens, including:

     Fungi: Responsible for diseases like powdery mildew and rust.

     Bacteria: Cause diseases like fire blight in fruit trees.

     Viruses: Lead to diseases like mosaic virus in tobacco plants.

    o Mode of Transmission: Plant pathogens can spread through contaminated soil,


    seeds, or insect vectors.

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