

      


 
 
        
     
′   lim  
 lim  
→ →

   
       
 lim   lim
 →  
   →  
     
   
        
   
△        ⋅     ⋅   lim  lim  
             → 
   
       
△    →


      


        
  
△            △       △    △      
          ′   lim   lim
△     △→ △ △→ △
  △   △   △   △
 lim
△→ △
 lim     △  △        
        △→


   △     △  △  
 ′   lim   lim   lim △       

△→ △ △→ △ △→

         
      

 ′    lim   lim 
→  → 

    
     lim   lim   
  →  
    
      → 
         

   
 
                
 ′   lim   lim     
△→  →  
    △ 
 

          △        △   
 lim   lim     ′    lim   lim 
→  →        △→ △ △→ △
△ 
 lim   
△→ △   △        

   
    

   △     
  △          

 ′   lim   lim  
△→ △ △→ △
 


△    △              

   
 lim   ′    lim   lim 
△→ △ →  → 

△    △     
△    △              
 lim  lim   lim
△→ △  △    △      →   
   →  
         

△    △ △      
 lim   lim     lim       

△→ △  △    △     △→ 
△    △     →  
    
       
  
     ′     ∈ 
 

   
  ′      ≧ 
 
      ′      ∈ 
 
       ′       ∈   ≠ 
 


        ′   

 
  △        
   △      △ 
   lim   lim
△→ △ △→ △
  △  △      
 lim   
△→ △    △ 
    
   ⇒        ⇒         


   또는   


   
      
lim  
   ′  
→

                       

lim 

 lim   lim 
      
  
→ → →  
      
 lim  lim      ′  

 →    →

        
lim 

     ′
→

                       

lim 

 lim 

→ →

 lim
→
               

 lim   
→

             
  
   
                      
 lim   lim   lim   lim 
→  →  →  → 

      
 lim      lim      ′     ′ 
→ → 
             

        ′               ′

                

           

     
                                      

      
  
              ′                 ′

   
       
                                 
   
   
      ⋅  
 
    
   

   ′          ′
            
   
   
                           
     
     


      
 
   
       
         
      ′            ′             
       
               

      
   
   
          
                    
           ′               ′
   
     
                 
   
    
          
   
            
 
                          
           



          
 



     


 

 
 ′        ′          ′
   
     
     

  
       


 
 
 
 
 
                                 
         

            

             
   

       ′             ′
                

      
                 
         ′    ′  
   ′   ′    ′      
 ′    ′     ′     ⋅  ⋅  

 ′      ′

  ′      

   


 ′            ′


 

′   
    

 ′         ′  ′  


     

         
   
   

       ≦    



 ′
   

         
′  
 ′

′     

    

    
≠       ⋯           ⋯    


    
      ⋯     
 

   ′                ′
      ⋯     
   
                   

   
          

  
 
     

 
        ′   
 

         ′            


        ′      
 ′             

    

       

 
     
 
 

  
   
     

  
′ 
 
   
    
′  
           

         ′      
            
  
′          
            
  

          

  
   
 
   
  ′         
 

 
     
   
 ′           
 
  
 
      
 
                 
 

    

 
   
     

  
     ′    
  
  
    
′                    
    
    
 

                    ⇒       
         

   ±  
  
   

   
      
  
 
 
   

          

               

 ′       ′       

       

            

     

              
    ⋅     ⋅

 
    
   

 
      
    

       
′   ′   
        
   
                

        
              
    ⋅    ⋅   
        

 

  ′                       

          
  
                                      
   


 
  ′                     
        

                            
                 
   
                    

  
        
              
              
   
  
  
     

    
  ′                       

      


     
         
 
     
    ⋅  
   
                          
′    
           

   
   
 
     

              
 ′               
 
     
   
  
                   
   


 


          


        
  
           
   
 
 
   
 



′       
 
           
 
 ′                    
 

                    

               

  
 
   
  ⋅            ⋅ 
′ 
    

         

   

     ′        ′     ∘  ′ 

 ∘  ′    ′   ′   ′     ⋅  

 
     
   
 
 ′    
        
         

       

 
 ′                


 
   
   
⋅
               
     

 
     
  ⋅
 
        
          
 
       

′         ⋅               

  

  

           


  
    
 ′                        ′       ⋅              

  
   

   
 
         

 
′   
   
    
 ⋅  
 ⋅  
 ⋅    
    ′               
   
                      
    
  

 

          
′     ′           ′                 


    

                             
   
    
   
   
 
′           
 




      
        
 ′                  
  
 ′                          

         

      
′     ′        ′          
       
  
        ⋅             
 
        
 
 ′           


 

            
 
  
   

 
  
     
    
  ′        ′
   

        
     
           
 
   
 
 
                         
      
′  
 
   

                


     


     

  


 
     
   
′     ′
  
     
      
   ⋅     
     

  

  
             
 

 ′               


             

   

   





      
    
′      ′
   

′                             
   ⋅     
        
                   
 
 
      
            
 
 ′                          
 
            

     
  

′    
        


          
        


 
   
    
    
  
           
          
         ′   ′      ′  
        



 
                  
                        
 
  ′       ′        ′        
    
           
       ′  


   
     


         ′     
    
     
′        ′    ′    
    
′     
 ′  
  
 
 
    
 

′   
    ′        ′ 
       
    
      
 
 ′         ′       
    
           ′       ′  
                        


′     ′   ′
 
  
         
    
  
   
  
 ′  
             
  

 

        
  ′            ′  ′  
       

    
                
 
     
        
        
    
      

                         
      
      
     

′         
         
 


                         
         
   
                  ′      
   
            
             ′   ′    
    
       
                     
  
              
 
 
   
                                         
                                          
    
 
       
                     
                    
 
            


  


       

      
  
                     
  
     
  
 
  
    
      
      ′    ′    
    
     
    

 
      
 

    
 
       
 
    
       
    

     
 
         
 

   
   
     
     
          ′      ′′    ′′′  

       ′       ′′            


         
 ′          
 ′′       ″′                             
  

        
    
   ′     ′′      
  
′  

   
       
    
          
 ′′      ′′′   
             
           
     ′     ′′   
            
     
      ′                      
     
 
 

        ′                 
 ″               ″′    
      
 
   
″                     
  

    
   
    ′             
   
    
   
 
   
      
              ′′                
  
 
    
 ′′′                
  
       

 ′                       ′          

  
                       ″                   

  ″′            

 ′′                           
 
                    
 

 
      ′    
″    ′     ′                
  
         
   
      ′        ′′       
           
   
   
   

      ′         ″            

    
   
   
       




 
       
  
            
    

  ′        ′′          


  
      
 ′′′       ⋅    ！  
           
   
      

  
 
 
  
 
 


            ⋅⋅      ！   ⋯⋯

 

       ！     

        
   
 
             ′    
 
″    ″′        ⋯⋯
 



  
 
  
  
       
 
 
               
   
  
            ⋅  

     
                  
                      ′  ⋯
     

   
⋯              ⋯           

 
             
 
 ′          ′′             ⋅     ⋯
！
⋯       ！          
           

         
            
        
 ′      ′′                    ⋯

⋯         ≧  

                            ′   ⋯              

                      
    ！   ！ ！   ！


                    ⋯   
            ！      
               ！
 
    ≧ 
             


 
    

     
  
  


      
     
 
  

       

   
          
 
    ′              
        
 
  
 
    ′     
∴     ′     ⋅        
  
 
  ⋅ 
 
 ′      ⋅   

 
  ⋅
   
        
   
    ′        ′     
   ⋅       ⋅     

    
          

     ⋅    ′    ′⋅    ⋅ ′ 

  ′   ′ ⋅ 
     ′      ⋅ 
 
      
    ′     ′               
         ′          
 ⋅ ′    ⋅ ′     ′    ′⋅    ⋅ 
 ′       
     
 ′    ⋅ ′   ′       
 

    ′    ⋅  


 

   
 
       ′      ⋅ ′    ⋅ ′
 
 ′ 
 ′   
 
 
 ′        ′    
⋅   
 



  

  
  

 
     
        ′     
     
      


   
        ≒      ′ ⋅∆



   



 

           

 ′   ⋅ 



                 


 ≒    ⋅  ⋅  
 
  
    

 

  
    
  
 

           

          
 
             
    
         ⋅  ⋅  
       ≧ ⋅ 

            ≦ 

             
           ⋅    




  
  
    
           

 
    
        ′       
 

 

   
        ≒     ′ ⋅       ×  ×        
 
     ′    
 ≒   ⋅    


 
 
   
 
   
 
          

 

       ′     

 
   

        ≒    ′ ⋅  

 
      ⋅  
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    
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