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    Binomial Theorem

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    pihuakku882

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Binomial Theorem

    Uploaded by

    pihuakku882
    9 views3 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    9 views3 pages

    Binomial Theorem

    Uploaded by

    pihuakku882

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    BINOMIAL THEOREM

    (x + y)n = nC0xn + nC1xn-1 y + nC2xn-2 y2 + ..... + nCrxn-r yr + ..... + nCnyn


    n
    = å
    r =0
    n
    Cr xn-r yr , where n Î N.

    1. IMPORTANT TERMS IN THE BINOMIAL EXPANSION


    ARE :

    (a) General term: The general term or the ( r +1)th term in the
    expansion of (x + y)n is given by

    Tr +1= nCr x n-r. yr

    (b) Middle term :

    The middle term (s) is the expansion of ( x + y) n is ( are) :

    (i) If n is even, there is only one middle term which is given by


    T(n +2)/2= nCn/2. x n/2. yn/2

    (ii) If n is odd, there are two middle terms which are T (n +1)/2 &
    T[(n+1)/2]+1

    (c) Term independent of x :

    Term independent of x contains no x ; Hence find the value of


    r for which the exponent of x is zero.

    2. SOME RESULTS ON BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS :


    (a) nCx = nCy Þ x = y or x + y = n
    (b) nCr–1 + nCr = n+1Cr
    n n
    (c) C0+ C1+ C2 +...... = Cn = 2 , Cr = Cr
    n
    (d) C0+ C2+ C4 +...... = C1+ C3+ C5 + ...... = 2n-1 , Cr = Cr

    (2n)! n
    (e) C02+ C12+ C22 +......+ Cn2 = 2nCn = , Cr = Cr
    n!n!
    3. Greatest coefficient & greatest term in expansion of (x + a)n :
    (a) If n is even, greatest binomial coefficient is nCn/2
    n n
    If n is odd, greatest binomial coefficient is C n -1 or C n +1
    2 2

    (b) For greatest term :


    ì n +1
    ï Tp & Tp +1 if is an integer equal to p
    x
    ï +1
    ï a
    Greatest term = í
    ïT n +1
    if is non integer and Î (q, q + 1), q Î I
    ï q+1
    x
    ï +1
    î a

    4. BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR NEGATIVE OR FRACTIONAL


    INDICES :
    n(n - 1) 2 n(n - 1)(n - 2) 3
    If n Î ¡, then (1+ x)n = 1 + nx + x + x +....
    2! 3!
    ¥ provided | x | < 1.
    Note :
    (i) (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ............ ¥
    (ii) (1 + x)–1 = 1 – x + x2 – x3 + ............ ¥
    (iii) (1 – x)–2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ............ ¥
    (iv) (1 + x)–2 = 1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + ............ ¥

    5. EXPONENTIAL SERIES :
    x x2 x3
    (a) e = 1 + +
    x
    + + .......¥ ; where x may be any real or
    1! 2! 3!
    n
    æ 1ö
    complex number & e = Lim ç 1+ ÷
    n ®¥ è nø
    x x2 x3
    (b) ax = 1 + lna + ln2 a + ln3 a + .......¥ , where a > 0
    1! 2! 3!

    6. LOGARITHMIC SERIES :

    x2 x3 x 4
    (a) ln(1 + x) = x - + - + .......¥ , where –1 < x £ 1
    2 3 4
    x2 x3 x4
    (b) ln(1 – x) = – x - - - - .......¥ , where –1 £ x < 1
    2 3 4

    (1 + x) æ x3 x5 ö
    (c) ln = 2ç x + + + .......¥ ÷ ,|x| < 1
    (1 - x) è 3 5 ø

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