Porters Five Force Model

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Porters Five Forces of the Retail Industry

I. Supplier Power

The bargaining power of Suppliers is relatively low. There is a high competition between
suppliers which means that their ability to raise prices or reduce quantity is very low. Suppliers
include both domestic and international manufacturers and because many retail products are
standardized, retailers have low switching costs which make the supplier power low. Larger
retailers have power over their suppliers because they can threaten suppliers to change to a
different suppliers which would significantly hurt the suppliers because of their great market
share. Furthermore larger retailers can vertically integrate with suppliers they are having trouble
cooperating with.

II. Bargaining Power of Buyers


The bargaining power of buyers is relatively low. If consumers choose not to shop at a retail
outlet they most likely miss out on value or price as well as convenience of shopping retail. Also
the consumer products are priced the same especially the daily routine usage products
therefore the prices do not vary from one store to another therefore there is rarely any
bargaining form the buyers side.

III. Competitive Rivalry


Competitive rivalry is medium to high. There are numerous competitors as well as many E-
retailers that are entering the market rapidly. Also as many new small stores are opening up
closer to each other so there is lot of rivalry and customer goes only to the place where he gets
reasonably good quality products at a reasonable price.

IV. Threat of Substitutes


Threat of substitutes is low because there are not many substitutes that offer low prices and
convenience to consumers. The goal of retailers it provide a wide variety of products at one
location and in many cases create a one stop shopping location.
V. Threat of new Entrants
Threat of new entrants in retail industry is higher as the population is increasing also due to
urbanization and many new residential schemes opening up there are many opportunities for
people with initially low investments to open up a small retail store and later with the sales
increase they can grow in long run. Access to suppliers is relatively easy as products are being
mass marketed. Less capital investment needed. However in a country like Pakistan where the
retail business is thriving and the rate of market growth is high.

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