Set of Numbers Grade 9

Class: Nine
Section: All sections

Set of numbers Teacher: Sobhi Halabi
Time:
ℕ = {x/x is a natural number} Set of whole numbers
ℕ = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…….} Every number is a whole part only
ℕ* = ℕ – {0} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5……….}
Z = {x/x is an integer} Set of natural numbers and their opposites
Z = {…… −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, …}
D = {x/x is an algebraic decimal number}
Decimal fraction: Is any fraction whose denominator is a power of 10.

N
Decimal fraction can be represented by:
10 p
Decimal number: Is the quotient of any decimal fraction. Or it is the
quotient of any fraction in its irreducible form in
which its denominator is a power of 2 or 5.
25
Ex: decimal fraction
10
25
= 2.5 decimal number
10
15 3  5 5 5  52 53
  Decimal number ( 2 2  2 )
12 2 2  3 2 2 2 5 10
7
Is not decimal (3 is not a power of 2 or 5)
3
a
Q = { / a and b are integers and b ≠ 0}
b
Rational number: Is any number that can be written in the form of

a
Where a and b are integers and b  0.
b
3 7 13
Ex: , , and 7.
2 3 7
1
Periodic decimal number:
Ex: x = 1.232323 ... or x = 1. 23
100 x = 123.2323….
100 x – x = 123.2323… – 1.2323….
99 x = 122
122
x= which is rational
99
a
Irrational number: Is any number that cannot be written as .
b
Ex:  = 3.1415…… irrational number
2  1.4142....... Irrational number
R = {x/x is a real number}

Ex:  is a real number
2 is a real number
Note: NZDQR
Finding the approximate value of a real number.

1 – Rounding. (Greater or equal to 5 or less than 5)
2 – By default. (as it is)
3 – By excess. (add 1 in each case)
Scientific notation:
Writing a number in the form of: a × 10 p where 1≤ a < 10

and p is an integer.
Remark: i) If the number is greater than 10, reduce and multiply by 10+.
ii) If the number is less than 1, enlarge and multiply by 10 –.
Ex: 1247 = 1.247 × 103 (1247 > 10)

Ex: 0.02358 = 2.358 × 10−2 (0.02358 < 1)
2
Square Root
Definition:
A positive real number X is said to be the square root of Y if: 𝐗𝟐 = 𝐘
Ex: 25 is square of 5 (52 = 25) then 5 is the square root of 25.
Some Fundamental radical:

ඥ𝟎 = 𝟎 ; ඥ𝟏 = 𝟏 ; √𝟒 = 𝟐 ; ඥ𝟗 = 𝟑 ;
ඥ𝟏𝟔 = 𝟒 ; ඥ𝟐𝟓 = 𝟓 ; ඥ𝟑𝟔 = 𝟔 ; ඥ𝟒𝟗 = 𝟕;
ඥ𝟔𝟒 = 𝟖 ; ඥ𝟖𝟏 = 𝟗 ; ඥ𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
1) 𝑿𝟐 = 𝒀
Discussion:
i) If 𝒀 > 𝟎 then : 𝑋 = +√𝑌 for x is a positive number
or 𝑋 = − √𝑌 for x is negative (Two real solutions)
Ex: 𝒙𝟐 = 16 then, 𝑥 = +√16 or 𝑥 = −√16

=4 = −4
ii) If 𝒀 < 𝟎 then, no real solution for X.
Ex: 𝑥2 = −9 then, no real solution for x because √−9 is not defined.

( ∉ ℝ).
iii) If Y = 0 then, 𝑥2 = 0 and hence, x = 0.
(Two equal roots or double root).
Ex: (x + 1)2 = 0 then, x + 1 = 0 and hence x = – 1 (double root)
3
2) How to multiply radicals?
a) We multiply the signs.
b) We multiply the coefficients.
c) We multiply the radicands.
Ex: (−2√6)(3√2) = −6√12 = −6 × 2√3 = −12√3
Note: Some Radicands > 7 can be simplified.
3)
Ex: √3 × √3 = (√3)2 = 3
4) How to divide radicals?
Where: 𝑎 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 > 0.
Ex:
5) How to add or subtract radicals?

We add or subtract radicals having same radicands. In this case, we add or subtract
Their coefficients only
6) Comparing radicals
4
Rationalize the denominator
of a fraction
Definition: Eliminating the radical sign from the denominator.
First case: Denominator is of the form of √𝒂 or 𝒂√𝒃 .

In this case, we multiply by the same radical.
5 5 √3 5 √3
Ex: = × = √3 is the conjugate
√ 3 √ 3 √3 3
2 2 √5 2 √5
Or =3 × = √5 is the conjugate
3√ 5 √ 5 √5 15
Second case: Denominator is of the form of addition or subtraction,

(a + b) or (a – b).
In this case, we multiply by (a + b) or (a – b) to obtain a2 – b2.
√2 + √3 √2 + √3 2 √ 3 + √2
Ex: = × (2√3 + √2 ) is the conjugate
2 √3 – √2 2 √3 – √2 2 √ 3 + √2
(√2 + √3)(2√3 + √2)

= 2 2
(2√3) − (√2 )
2√6 + 2 + 6 + √6
= 2 2
(2√3) − (√2 )
3√6 + 8
= 12 – 2
3√6 + 8
= 10

Set of Numbers Grade 9

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Set of Numbers Grade 9

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Set of Numbers Grade 9

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class: Nine

Section: All sections

ℕ = {x/x is a natural number} Set of whole numbers

ℕ = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…….} Every number is a whole part only

ℕ* = ℕ – {0} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5……….}

Z = {x/x is an integer} Set of natural numbers and their opposites

Z = {…… −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, …}

D = {x/x is an algebraic decimal number}

Decimal fraction: Is any fraction whose denominator is a power of 10.

Rational number: Is any number that can be written in the form of

Ex:  = 3.1415…… irrational number

2  1.4142....... Irrational number

R = {x/x is a real number}

Finding the approximate value of a real number.

Writing a number in the form of: a × 10 p where 1≤ a < 10

Ex: 1247 = 1.247 × 103 (1247 > 10)

Ex: 25 is square of 5 (52 = 25) then 5 is the square root of 25.

Some Fundamental radical:

ඥ𝟏𝟔 = 𝟒 ; ඥ𝟐𝟓 = 𝟓 ; ඥ𝟑𝟔 = 𝟔 ; ඥ𝟒𝟗 = 𝟕;

ඥ𝟔𝟒 = 𝟖 ; ඥ𝟖𝟏 = 𝟗 ; ඥ𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎

i) If 𝒀 > 𝟎 then : 𝑋 = +√𝑌 for x is a positive number

or 𝑋 = − √𝑌 for x is negative (Two real solutions)

Ex: 𝒙𝟐 = 16 then, 𝑥 = +√16 or 𝑥 = −√16

ii) If 𝒀 < 𝟎 then, no real solution for X.

Ex: 𝑥2 = −9 then, no real solution for x because √−9 is not defined.

Ex: (x + 1)2 = 0 then, x + 1 = 0 and hence x = – 1 (double root)

Ex: (−2√6)(3√2) = −6√12 = −6 × 2√3 = −12√3

Note: Some Radicands > 7 can be simplified.

4) How to divide radicals?

Where: 𝑎 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 > 0.

5) How to add or subtract radicals?

Definition: Eliminating the radical sign from the denominator.

First case: Denominator is of the form of √𝒂 or 𝒂√𝒃 .

Second case: Denominator is of the form of addition or subtraction,

In this case, we multiply by (a + b) or (a – b) to obtain a2 – b2.

(√2 + √3)(2√3 + √2)

You might also like