PRINCETON COLLEGE

SCHEME OF WORK
&
LESSON NOTES

PHYSICAL & HEALTH EDUCATION

FIRST TERM

2022/2023 ACADEMIC SESSION

GRADE 7
SCHEME OF WORK

Weeks Topics
One Meaning of physical and health Education, aims and objectives,
nature and scope
Two History of Physical Education
Three History and development of Physical and Health Education
(Pre-colonial) era in Nigeria.

Four Meaning and importance of first aid, first aid box and safety
Education (i) problem solving skills in first aid

Five Meaning of Health, Health determinant (i) Heredity (ii) Environment

(iii) Life style (iv) Education
Six Characteristics of an healthy person
Seven Meaning of sewage and refuse, methods of sewage and refuse
Disposal.

Eight Method of sewage disposal, discussion on refuse and sewage disposal

in their homes.
Nine Water supply: Meaning of water, Sources of water supply and
qualities of good water.
Ten Physical fitness: Meaning, Health and performance related
components.
Eleven Characteristics of physically fit person and importance of
Physical fitness.

Twelve Revision

Thirteen Examination
WEEK: ONE

TOPIC: MEANING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Define Physical Education

2. Mention the aims of Physical education

3. Enumerate the objectives of physical Education

KEY WORDS

Physical Components Education Training Skills

Survival Planning Development

Period One

Meaning OF Physical Education.

Physical Education can simply be defined as an integral part of general education

that seeks to develop man physically, mentally, and socially.

Physical Education began when human first came into existence, although not
structured, PE was taught in form of survival skills.

NOTE: Physical Education also known as physical training (PT). Moreover it is

related to the physique of human being.

Definitions of physical education

 Physical education is the science of human movement.

 It is the process of educating the body through carefully selected and
well planned physical activities.
 Physical education does not develop the body alone but also develop
other areas of human life.
 It is a lifelong education that is, it starts from conception (in the womb)
till death.
  Physical Education is the process by which changes in the individual is
brought about through selected physical training.
 It is the care and development of human body.

Aims of Physical Education

Physical Education aims at providing an individual the opportunities to

learn the activities that will lead to Positive, Physical, Social, Mental, and
Emotional growth.

Objectives of Physical Education.

 Physical Development: It helps to develop the muscles of the body.

 Skills: It helps one to develop skills like walking, jumping, running,
playing games etc.
 Emotional Stability: Physical education leads to sound mental health
as children learns to accept defeat gracefully.
 Mental Development: During physical training, brain is thoroughly
developed.
  Social Development: Children learns desirable social attitude during
group activities
 Leisure time: Physical education offers wise ways of utilizing one`s
leisure time during work and after.
 Life Career: It is a means of livelihood or ways of earning money.
 It helps in correction of correctable postural defect.
 It removes tension.
 It brings about fun and enjoyment.

EVALUATION

1. What is Physical Education?

2. Enumerate three (3) objectives of physical Education

Period Two

TOPIC: SCOPE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. List the branches of physical Education.

2. Mention FIVE safety rules during physical Education

3. Name FOUR combative sports

KEY WORDS

Branches Indoor Outdoor Recreation Aquatic

Mental ability Rhythmic Safety Fundamental Flexibility

SCOPE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The term physical education refers to all physical activities that are performed.
 Indoors and outdoors for social, physical, mental and emotional benefits.

Branches of physical Education

 Games and Sport

 Aquatics
 Fundamental Movement
 Recreation
 Health
 Athletics
 Rhythmic Activities
 Gymnastics
 Martial Arts / Combative Sports
 Safety Education

EVALUATION

1. List the branches of physical Education

2. Name FOUR combative sports

Reference Books

Basic Science and Technology (Physical and Health Education) Hand book 3

Junior Secondary School (Ajiboye G.A)

New UBE edition (2016)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Physical education is education through ________

A. Gymnastics
B. Indoor games
C. Organised physical activities
D. Outdoor games

2. All are objectives of Physical Education EXCEPT

A. Physical development
B. Acquisition of skill
C. Provision of career
D. Maintenance of discord

3. A person who mixes freely with others is said to be ______ developed

A. Aesthetically

B. Emotionally

C. Mentally

D. Socially

4. What is the value of physical education and sports in life situation?

A. Design and send greeting cards to well wishers

B. Honouring gods of soccer and games yearly
 C. Ideas are communicated the populace
D. places and people’s culture

5. All these are benefits of physical education on human heart EXCEPT

A. Creating greater volume of the heart

B. Increasing the size of the heart
C. Increasing the weight of the heart
D. Reducing the size of the heart

6. One of these is not a general aim of physical education

A. Emotional development
B. Mental development
C. Philosophical development
D. Physical development

7. Which of the following is not a desirable physical quality which physical

education seek to give?

A. Mobility
B. Strength
C. Flexibility
D. Heavy weight

8. Which of the following is not an objective of physical education development

A. Physical fitness
B. Physical skills
C. Visual aids
D. Recreational skills

9. Which of these is not an objective of physical education?

A. Good posture
B. Mental alertness
C. Postural defects
D. Team spirit
 10. Which of the following may not be regarded as one of the positive effects
of physical exercises?

A. Fast heart beat

B. Active organs of the body
C. Enlargement of heart
D. Prevention and correction of postural defect

WEEK: TWO

TOPIC: HEALTH EDUCATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

(1) Define health

(2) Define health education

(3) Outline the objectives of Health Education

 KEY WORDS

Health Mentality Sound mind Infirmity Wellbeing

Diseases Infection Drug Usage Healthful living

MEANING OF HEALTH

Health, according to World Health Organisation (2006) can be defined as a state of

complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing of the body and not merely the
absence of diseases and infirmity.

Health education can also be defined as the process through which one acquires
health knowledge which is necessary for maintaining a healthful living.

OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH EDUCATION

 Health education helps to acquire and practice desirable health habit

that leads to total health.
 It gives awareness of communicable diseases, mode of transmission,
prevention and cure.
  It provides the knowledge of basic first aid and injury management.
 It teaches personal cleanliness.
 It provides information on drugs, drug abuse, drug misuse and dangers
of self-medication.
 It provides information about sexuality STDs etc.
 It gives knowledge about nutrition.
 It teaches safety education and precautions.

EVALUATION

(1) What is health?

(2) Outline three (3) objectives of Health Education

Period: TWO

Topic: BRANCHES OF HEALTH EDUCATION.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able
to

(1) List the branches of Health Education

(2) State the rules of health.

(3) Outline the four values of Health Education

BRANCHES OF HEALTH EDUCATION

 Personal Health
 Food and Nutrition
 Safety and First aid
 (Disease) Communicable and Non-communicable diseases
 Environmental Health
 Consumer Health
 Community Health
 Drug Education
 Family Planning
 Sex Education
RULES OF HEALTH

(a) Maintaining good personal cleanliness.

(b) Eat balance diet

(c) Avoid self-medication

(d) Prevent yourself from communicable and non-communicable diseases

(e) Maintain good environmental sanitation.

(f) Take regular exercise

EVALUATION
Reference Books

Basic Science and Technology (Physical and Health Education) Hand book 3

Junior Secondary School (Ajiboye G.A)

New UBE edition (2016)

ASSIGNMENT

(1) List three branches of Health Education

(2) State two rules of health

QUESTIONS

1. Health according to WHO can be defined as a state of complete

A. Agility, balance and coordination

B. Muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility of the

body

C .Physical, mental, social and emotional well being

D. Physical, mental, spiritual and emotional well-being.

2. The desirable health practices in exercise requires an individual to observe all

the following conditions EXCEPT

A. Rub down
B. Put on suitable clothing and footwear
C. Try and avoid injuries while doing physical exercises
D. Drink a lot of alcohol and other drugs

3. Road safety is an aspect of

A. Health education
 B. Physical education
C. Recreation
D. Sciences

4. The following are the branches of health education EXCEPT

A. Safety and first aid

B. Drug education

C. Community health

D. Consumer health

5. Health education helps to acquire and practice desirable health habit that leads to
total health.

A. True

B. False

C. Undecided

D. Disagree
WEEK: THREE

TOPIC: History of Physical Education

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Narrate the brief history of Physical Education during the pre- colonial era

2. Mention the activities carried out during the Colonial era.

KEY WORDS

History Colonial Era Running

 Jumping Master Activities Swimming

History of Physical Education

History of physical education is not certain. The particular time physical

education started was not known due to lack of written record. Before the colonial
masters came to Nigeria, series of activities were performed by our fore fathers and
these activities include: Running, Jumping, Swimming, and Dancing. They did a
lot of trekking activities as well and other activities like Climbing, Throwing at
fruit and Hunting etc. All these were performed just to maintain livelihood.

EVALUATION

1. Narrate the brief history of Physical Education during the pre- colonial era

2. Mention the activities carried out during the Colonial era.

PERIOD: TWO

TOPIC: THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Narrate the development of physical education in Nigeria

The Development of Physical Education in Nigeria

When the Colonial masters started to control education in Nigeria, they

introduced the 1933 British syllabus for physical education activities such as,
gymnastics, football, netball, athletics, cricket etc.
 The attainment of independence in Nigeria brought about enforcement of
teaching of physical education as a subject in both primary and secondary schools.
Later, states made physical education a compulsory subject for certification.

Harding James Ekperigin was the first Nigerian that went to

Loughborough College in England for training as a physical education specialist.
He rekindled the interest of Nigerian in the subject.

EVALUATION

(1) Narrate the development of physical education during the era of Colonial
masters.

ASSIGNMENT:

(i) Who is a first aider?

(ii) Outline the qualities of a good first aider

1. Which syllabus did the colonial masters introduce when they started
controlling school in Nigeria?

A. 1922 syllabus

B. 1933 syllabus

C. 1833 syllabus

D. 1822 syllabus

2. The following activities are carried out by our for fathers before the coming
of the colonial masters EXCEPT

A. Hide and seek

B. Moonlight play

C. Running

D. basketball

3. The following activities are included in 1933 syllabus EXCEPT

A. Netball

B. Athletics

C. Football

D. Swimming

4. The man who championed the inclusion of physical education as a

compulsory school subject was

A. Adolph Spies

B. Fredrick Jahn

C. J.B Bestow

D. J.FGutsmuths

5. Who is the father of Physical Education in Nigeria?

A. Adolph Spies

B. Fredrick Jahn

C. Harding James Ekperigin

D. J.FGutsmuths

6. Physical education was introduced into Nigeria around 1933 and has as its
main objective, preparation of youth for

A. Competitive military challenges

B. Competitive military sports

C. Competitive engagement

D. Police action

7. People of modern times conceived P.E as

A. A course for those who are not academically inclined

B. A means of physical fitness

C. A mere military training

D. An all-round development of individual

8. In ancient Greece, Physical Education is known as

A. Calisthenics

B. Gymnastics

C. Palaestra

D. Recreation

9. Washing of hands /arms and feet/legs, or the whole body after physical
exercise workout is referred to as

A. Rubbing

B. Rub up

C. Rub in

D. Rub down

10. The modern Physical education started in

A. America

B. Germany

C. Greece

D. Liberia
WEEK FOUR

TOPIC MEANING OF FIRST AID

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Define first aid

2. Mention the objectives of first aid

3. Outline the principles of first aid

4. List 10 contents of a first aid box

KEY WORDS
 Aid Treatment Contents Victims Medical

Accident Temporary Immediate Assistance Sudden

MEANING OF FIRST AID

First aid is the immediate and temporal assistance or care given to the
victims of an accident or sudden illness before the service of a medical personnel
can be obtained.

Objectives of First Aids

  To save life
 To promote recovery
 To prevent injury or condition from becoming worse
 To arrest bleeding
 To reduce or relieve pain as far as possible
 To assist the doctors

Problem-solving skills in first aid

1. Check the injury and determine the extent of damage.

2. Give the urgently needed help first.

3. Immobilise the injured part.

4. Prevent the victim from seeing his/her blood.

5. Never give fluid (any fluid) to the victims.

6. Must be cool and calm in dealing with situations.

7. Carry out procedures with care.

The First Aid Box

A first aid box/bag contains all the materials that are needed for first aid and
emergency care.
 Contents of First Aid Box

 Cold compress pack

 Embrocation heat rub
 Pain killer
 Forceps
 Scissors
 Cotton wool
 Plasters e.g. Elastoplast
 Safety pins
 Razor blades
Splints (small pieces of wood like ruler)
  Sling
 Gentian Violet (GV)
 Glucose
 Tincture of Iodine
 Water Bottle
 Sterile Gauze
 Antiseptic Soap
 Hydrogen Peroxide
 Smelling Salt
 Potassium Permanganate

EVALUATION
1. What is first aid?

2. Mention the objectives of first aid

3. Outline the principles of first aid

4. List 10 contents of a first aid box

ASSIGNMENT:

Enumerate four safety measures at home

Reference Books

Basic Science and Technology (Physical and Health Education) Hand book 1

Junior Secondary School (Ajiboye G.A)

New UBE edition (2016)

PERIOD: TWO

TOPIC: SAFETY EDUCATION.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able

1. Define safety

2. Explain safety Education

3. State the purpose of safety Education

MEANING OF SAFETY.

Safety can be defined as freedom from hazards. Freedom from hazards can
only be achieved if this hazards are identified and removed.

MEANING OF SAFETY EDUCATION

Safety education can be defined as a process of acquiring useful

information that are relevant to human consciousness so as to prevent
accident.

PURPOSE OF SAFETY EDUCATION.

 Special safety devices were constructed in other to live in a safe

environment.
 The constant pollution of air and water from industrial waste made life
unbearable for the inhabitant. Solution had be sought hence, the need for
safety education.
 Teacher should ensure that teaching and learning activities are carried out
under conducive environment.
 Introduction of safety devices into the homes has reduced the incidence of
fire outbreak.
ASSIGNMENT

1. What is safety?

2. Explain safety Education

3. State the purpose of safety Education

EVALUATION

1. As a first aider, which of the following injuries would you attend to first?

A. Bruises

B. Strain

C. Bleeding

D. Sprain

2. Which of the following will not be a benefit of first aid?

A. To save one from unnecessary death

B. To prevent permanent disability

C. To improve chances of recovery

D. To hasten permanent disability

3. The best way to keep the body fit regularly include all except

A. Eating good meal

B. Doing exercises regularly

C. Staying in a conducive environment

D. Living in an untidy environment

4. Exercise helps to keep the body

A. Healthy

B. Fit

C. Rounded

D. Vigorous

5. Warm up is necessary for athlete in order to

A. Defeat the opponent

B. Increase weight

C. Loosen muscles

D. Reduce fatigue

6. Safety can be defined as freedom from

A. Hazards

B. Sports

C. Rain

D. Rough play

7. One of the following is not the aim of first aid.

A. To save life

B. To prevent condition from getting worse

C. To help the Doctor with information

D. To blame the victim

8. One of the following is not a quality of a first aider.

A. Should be observant

B. Should be tactful

C. Should be sympathetic

D. Should be exploitative

9. The following are contents of First aid box EXCEPT

A. Cotton wool

B. Embrocation

C. Scissors

D. Iodine

10. The primary objective of First aid is to

A. Acquire first aid knowledge

B. Assist the casualty

C. Possess first aid Box

D. Save life
WEEK: FIVE

TOPIC: DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Identify the determinants of health.

2. Explain briefly the following health determinants:

(a) Heredity

(b) Environment

(c) Lifestyle and health care services

KEY WORDS

Health Determinants Environment Services

Lifestyle Heredity

Determinants of Health

The main determinants of health are:

 Heredity
 Environment
 Life style
 Health care services

1. Heredity: This is the transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents
to their offspring. This can also be defined as the process by which an offspring
acquires or become predisposed to the characteristics of its parent cell. Heredity
determines ones health because a parent can pass disease or diseases to the
offspring.

2. Environment: This is all the external factors affecting human well-being.

Healthy environment and unhealthy environment determine the health of a child
through the following ways:

a. Dressing

b. Behaviour

c. Social life

d. Shelter
3. Life style: This is the way people live. This is a characteristic bundle of
behaviour that makes senses to both others and oneself. It includes the social
interaction with people, dressing, habits, and reasoning.

4. Health care services: This is the prevention, treatment and management of

illness through the service offered by the medical doctors, nurses and allied health
professions. It is designed to promote the health of an individual.

Other determinants of health are income and social status, employment,

education, culture, gender, personal health, and social environment.

EVALUATION

1. Identify the determinants of health.

2. Explain briefly the following health determinants:

(a) Heredity

(b) Environment

(c) Lifestyle and health care services

PERIOD: TWO
TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY PERSON

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

 Enumerate the characteristics of a physically healthy person.

 Mention four features of a physically fit person.

Characteristics of a Healthy Person

A healthy person should acquire the following characteristics.

 Freedom from diseases.

 Freedom from correctable physical defect.
 Good posture
 Flawless skin
 Good and adequate rest, sleep, and relaxation
 Adequate exercises
 Avoids overwork and fatigue
 Looking good at all times
 Periodic medical check-up
 Maintenance of personal cleanliness
 Taking of meals at regularly

EVALUATION

Enumerate the characteristics of a physically healthy person.

ASSIGNMENT: State the meaning of refuse and sewage

QUESTIONS

1. The following are aspects of health EXCEPT

A. Physical

B. Social

C. Mental

D. Violent
2. The result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition and proper rest for
physical recovery is known as

A. Social health

B. Physical health

C. Mental health

D. Emotional health

3. The following are the determinants of health EXCEPT

A. Heredity

B. Life style

C Environment

D. Mental health

4. The process of preventing, treatment and management of illness through the

service offered by the medical team is

A. Lifestyle

B. Healthcare services

C. Heredity

D. Environmental management

5. ______ is the way a person lives

A. Life style

B. Environment

C. Heredity

D. Health care
6. _______ is referred to as human individual emotional and psychological
wellbeing in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional
capabilities effectively.

A. Physical health

B. Mental health

C. Social health

D. Emotional health

6. The transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents to their

offspring is known as

A. Transfer

B. Heredity

C. Lifestyle

D. Environment

7. The external factors affecting human wellbeing is known as

A. Mental health

B. Environment

C. Lifestyle

D. Behaviour

8. Which of the following is not the characteristics of a healthy environment

A. Ability to work without easily been fatigued

B. Ability to comprehend mental task

C. Ability to consume hard drugs

D. Resistance to infection
9. Characteristics of a physically fit person include the following EXCEPT
_____

A. Protruding tummy

B. Freedom from diseases

C. Health of mind and emotion

D. Normal system and body function

10. Another name for heredity is

A. Lifestyle

B. Human biology

C. Chromosomes

D. Behaviour
WEEK: SIX

TOPIC: MEANING OF REFUSE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Define refuse

2. List the methods of refuse disposal

3. Explain two methods of refuse disposal.

KEY WORDS

Waste Refuse Disposal Discard Sewage

Garbage Emanate Trash

Definition of Refuse

Refuse can be defined as anything that is thrown away in form of waste, trash or
rubbish. Moreover, Human generated wastes are called garbage. Refuse can also
be defined as unwanted, discarded and non-liquid materials emanating from
various activities of human being.

METHODS OF REFUSE DISPOSAL

 Sanitary landfills: An excavated or land depression area is needed

wherein refuse garbage are thrown and covered up with soil or dust.
This method is not expensive but land to be used may be difficult to
come by.
 Open dump: In this case refuse and garbage are deposited on the land.
After sometimes fire is set on the waste
 Compositing: This is the separation of decomposable materials from
non-decomposable ones and the decomposable ones are allowed to
decay and use as manure.
 Incineration: Refuse are deposited into a house-like facility and the
materials are burnt.
 Garbage recycling: Garbage such as paper, plastics, cans, aluminium,
iron scraps can be sent to factories to be recycled.
Reference Books

Basic Science and Technology (Physical and Health Education) Hand book 1

Junior Secondary School (Ajiboye G.A)

New UBE edition (2016)

EVALUATION

1. What is refuse?

2. List the methods of refuse disposal

3. Explain two methods of refuse disposal.

PERIOD: TWO

TOPIC: BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Define environmental sanitation.

2. Mention the benefits of environmental sanitation

Definition of Environmental Sanitation

Environmental sanitation is the science and practice of keeping our

surrounding clean and healthy.

Importance of Sanitation

 Sanitation prevents flies.

 It makes environment tidy and good looking
 It keeps everybody in the environment healthy.
 It prevents diseases
 EVALUATION

1. Define environmental sanitation.

2. Mention the benefits of environmental sanitation

ASSIGNMENT

State and describe two methods of sewage disposal.

WEEK: SEVEN

TOPIC: SEWAGE DISPOSAL

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able
to

1. Explain sewage

2 .List the methods of sewage disposal.

KEY WORDS

Sewage Organisms Emanate Waste Microorganism

Mixture Sewers Industries

Meaning of Sewage
Sewage primarily means waste emanating from domestic, industries and
commercial effluents. Sewage is the mixture of waste from human body and used
water that is carried out of houses by sewers. Human waste carries many micro-
organisms which can cause serious illness.

METHODS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

Methods of sewage disposal include the following:

 Water system

 Open dump

 Latrine

Types of latrine

- Bucket latrine

- Trench latrine

- Pit-hole

- Bole- latrine

- Ventilated improved pit latrine

- Ventilated improved latrine

EVALUATION

1. What is sewage?

2 .List three (3) methods of sewage disposal

PERIOD: TWO

TOPIC: METHODS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, student should be able to

1. Explain Latrine

2. Describe pit latrine and water system

3. Mention the disadvantages of pit latrine

Meaning of Latrine

This can be defined as a structure, usually consisting of a whole in the ground

which is used as a toilet.

Meaning of Pit Latrine

Pit latrine consists of a big hole dug on a ground or floor away from the house with
planks or concrete covering the pit, and a shed built over it for privacy.

DISADVANTAGES OF PIT LATRINE

 Pit latrine breeds flies and cockroaches.

 It brings about unpleasant odour
 The concrete floor or plank covering the hole may cave in and cause
accident.
 Microorganism from human waste may find their way into the water people
use.

WATER SYSTEM

The neatest and the most hygienic system of human waste disposal that eliminate
unpleasant odour from homes is by using water closet (WC).The water closet is
connected to the septic tank. What is needed to be done is to flush the toilet after
each use and use brush and water for washing.

EVALUATION

1. What is Latrine?

2. Describe pit latrine water system

3. Mention three disadvantages of pit latrine

ASSIGNMENT: Outline three sources of water supply.

QUESTIONS
1. Which among these is not a method of refuse disposal?

A. Sanitary land fills

B. Open dump

C. Incineration

D. Recycling

2. A place that looks like a house where refuse are deposited and burnt is
called

A. Incinerator

B. Pit latrine

C. Refuse home

D. Dirty house

3. The process where materials that can be decomposed are separated from
non-decomposable ones and the formal resulting to microbial degradation is
called

A. Compositing

B. Sewage

C. Refuse

D. Decomposition

4. One disadvantage of open dump is

A. Turning
B. Compositing is too expensive

C. All of the above

D. Lack of Technological know-how

5. Which of these is not among the common method of sewage disposal?

A. Water system

B. Sewage system

C. Latrine

D. Open dump

6. One disadvantage of compositing is

A. It causes soil contamination

B. It too expensive

C. It smells

D. All of the above

7. Garbage means

A. Toilet

B. Food waste

C. Industrial wastes

D. Rubbish

8. Sewage means

A. Human waste

B. Solid
C. Soluble waste

D. Liquid waste.

9. Which among these is not a method of disposal

A. Sanitary land fill

B. Pit hole latrine

C. Incinerator

D. Open dump

10. A structure usually consisting of a hole in the ground used as a toilet is called

A. Incinerator

B. Latrine

C. Compositor

D. Land fill

Reference Books

Basic Science and Technology (Physical and Health Education) Hand book 1

Junior Secondary School (Ajiboye G.A)

New UBE edition (2016)

WEEK: EIGHT

TOPIC: WATER SUPPLY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Define water

2. List the two main sources of water.

3. Mention the examples of the sources of water supply.

KEY WORDS

Transparent Colourless Liquid Frozen Existence

Boiled Transportation Precious Iced

Definition of Water

Water is a colourless, transparent liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen having

no taste or smell which turns steam when boiled and ice when frozen. Water is so
precious to man`s existence and it also needed in agriculture, transportation,
researches, sports, industries, domestic affairs.

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY

Two sources of water supply to man are: surface water supply and ground water
supply

1. Surface water supply: This supply is abundant but easy to pollute examples rain
water, river water, lake, pond and stream.

2. Ground water supplies: This is an important source of water in towns and cities
e.g. are well and bole hole water, they are highly mineralized and free from
pollution

EVALUATION

1. What is water?

2. List the two main sources of water.

3. Mention two examples of the sources of water supply.

PERIOD: TWO

TOPIC: QUALITIES OF WATER SUPPLY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Outline the qualities of good water.

2. Mention the methods of treating water

3. State the uses of water.

Qualities of a good Water

1. Water must be odourless.

2. It must colourless.

3. It must be tasteless.

4. It must be free from germs.

5. It must contain acceptable mineral.

WATER TREATMENT

1. Chlorine destroys bacteria

2. Sodium sulphites remove the taste of chlorine

3. Slake is used to reduce excessive hardness of water.

USES OF WATER

Water is used for the following purposes:

Drinking

Bathing

Cooking

Washing clothes

Cleaning

Flushing toilet

Transportation

Sporting
EVALUATION

1. Outline the qualities of good water.

2. Mention the methods of treating water

3. State the uses of water.

ASSIGNMENT: Mention the components of physical fitness

Reference Books

Basic Science and Technology (Physical and Health Education) Hand book 1

Junior Secondary School (Ajiboye G.A)

New UBE edition (2016)

QUESTIONS

1. Which among these is not a quality of a good water?

(a) Odourless (b) Tasteless (c) Colourless (d) Heavy

2. When water has no taste then such water is said to be what?

A. Colourless

B. Tasteless
 C. Soft water

D. None of the above

3. Water may be hard or

A. Hard

B. Soft

C. Light

D. Heavy

4. Treatment of water before supply is necessary because

A. It will make it free from germs

B. Taste of chlorine is removed with sodium sulphate

C. All of the above

D. It purifies the water

5. Water is used for the following except

A. For washing

B. For transportation

C. For bathing

D. For construction

7. Which of the following is not a quality of a good water

A. Tasteless
B. Colourless

C. Free from germs

D. Contains bacteria

ii. _______

iii. _______

8. Which of the following is not a means of treating water

A. Use of chlorine

B. Use of herbs

C. Use of Sodium Sulphite

D. Use of slake to reduce excessive hardness of water

9. The smell of water is

A. Sweet

B. Bad

C. Odourless

D. Irritating

10. If we don’t drink water, we will eventually

A. Get dry

B. Die

C. Get dehydrated
D. Get hydrated
WEEK: NINE

TOPIC: PHYSICAL FITNESS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Define physical fitness?

2. Mention the importance of physical fitness.

Physical fitness is the ability of an individual to perform his daily work well
without feeling tired and still have reserved energy for leisure time and emergency.
It can be achieved through participation in well selected planned physical
activities.

IMPORTANCE OF PHSICAL FITNESS

1. It makes one to live well and enjoy life.

2 .It prevents overweight.

3. It enables us to meet emergencies our daily lives.

4. It enables us to participate adequately in sports.

5. It enhances body growth and adequate development.

6. It makes us resistance to diseases.

7. It makes us look fine and healthy.

EVALUATION

1. What is physical fitness?

2. Mention the importance of physical fitness.

PERIOD: TWO

TOPIC: COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS to contract for a period of

time without fatigue.

1. Health related components

Health related components are directly related and affect the health of an
individual and they are essential for survival. Health related components include:

a. Muscular strength is the maximal one effort exertion a group of muscles can
make

b. Muscular endurance is the ability of group of muscles to contract for a period of

time without fatigue.

(c) Cardio respiratory endurance: This is the ability of the heart and respiratory
system to utilize oxygen and persist in strenuous activity for a considerable length
of time.

(d) Flexibility: This is the ability to move freely at the joints.

Consider revising these sentences

(e) Body composition.

2. Skill Related Component

(a) Coordination: This is the orderly working of the skeletal, nervous, muscular
system and the senses of touch, sight and hearing.

(b) Power is a dynamic form of strength per unit of time.

(c) Speed: This is the rate at which at which force can be applied. The formula of
speed is distance divides by time.

(d) Agility: This is the ability to move quickly in different directions from different
positions.

(e) Accuracy: This is the ability to control and direct the movement of one object
towards other.
(f) Balance: Ability to maintain stability at rest after the performance of series of
movements.

Reference Books

Basic Science and Technology (Physical and Health Education) Hand book 1

Junior Secondary School (Ajiboye G.A)

New UBE edition (2016)

EVALUATION

1. Explain with example health related components of physical fitness.

2. Describe with example skill related components of physical fitness.

ASSIGNMENT

Mention the characteristics of a physically fit person

WEEK: TEN

TOPIC: Factors that contribute to physical fitness

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Explain the factors that contribute to physical fitness

The following Factors contribute to physical fitness:

1. Heredity: This is the transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents
to their offspring. This can also be defined as the process by which an offspring
acquires or become predisposed to the characteristics of its parent cell. Heredity
determines ones health because a parent can pass disease or diseases to the
offspring.

2. Good nutrition: The right types of food should be eaten in the right quantity or
amount so as to live a healthy useful life.

3. Good health habits: Good health habits such as relaxation, rest, medical and
dental care are needed.

4. Healthy play and recreation: Physical fitness requires a healthy play among the
participants and a lot of recreational activities that will bring fun and enjoyment to
the students.

5. Regular physical exercise: Regular exercise helps to improve the functioning of

the body system.EG heart, lungs, circulatory etc.

EVALUTION

1. Explain the factors that contribute to physical fitness

2. State four importance of physical fitness

PERIOD TWO

TOPIC: WAYS OF MAINTAINING PHYSICAL FITNESS

LEARNING OBLECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Mention the ways of developing and maintaining physical fitness.

2. State the exercises for body conditioning.

It is easy to maintain physical fitness and body conditioning through adequate

participation in regular well planned graded and supervised physical activities.
These are called body conditioning activities. Examples of the activities are:

a. Circuit training

b. Interval training

c. Weight training

d. Weight lifting

e. Aerobic exercises

f. Anaerobic exercise

EVALUATION

1. Mention the ways of developing and maintaining physical fitness.

2. State three exercises for body conditioning.

ASSIGNMENT

Enumerate the characteristics of a physically fit person

QUESTIONS

1. Body conditioning means the same thing as

A. Body endurance

B. Desirable health practices

C. Good body posture

D Physical fitness

2. The ability to perform one’s work without undue fatigue and still have
enough energy for social life is

A. Social fitness

B. Emotional fitness

C. Physical fitness

D. Mental fitness

3. The ability to move the body quickly from one place to another in different
position is

A. Muscular strength

B. Muscular endurance

C. Cardio respiratory endurance

D. Agility

4. Ability to bend easily on the joint is

A. Flexibility

B. Agility

C. Muscular endurance

D. Power

5. Ability of the group of muscles to contract for a long period is

A. Muscular endurance

B. Muscular strength

C. Flexibility

D. Speed

6. The ability to perform any activity well is referred to as

A. Stamina

B. Endurance

C. Compatibility

D. Accuracy

7. As a coach, one of your athletes finds it difficult to bend forward and

backward and right and left. Which of the following conditioning exercise will you
engage him to do?

A. Agility

B. Flexibility

C. Speed
D. Endurance?

8. Freedom from diseases, ability to endure, strength and agility are visible
signs of ______

A. Physical alertness

B. Physical fitness

C. Physical strength

D. Physical satisfaction

9. Capacity to exert muscular force against a resistance is called ____

A. Muscular power

B. Agility

C. Speed

D. Flexibility

10. Cardiorespiratory endurance means the ability of the _____

A. Heart and lungs to make use of oxygen during physical activity

B. Heart to function properly during physical activity

C. Individual to perform activities for a short time without getting tired

D. Lungs to take in oxygen during physical activities