Senior High School

Disciplines and Ideas

in Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Dominant Approaches and Ideas of
Social Sciences – Psychoanalysis
and Rational Choice
Disciplines and Ideas in Social Sciences – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Dominant Approaches and Ideas of Social Sciences –
Psychoanalysis and Rational Choice
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
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 Senior High School

Disciplines and Ideas

in Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Dominant Approaches and Ideas of
Social Sciences – Psychoanalysis
and Rational Choice
Introductory Message
For the learners:
This module will let you understand the different parts of the brain, its
purposes, and functions. It will help you to identify ways to improve brain functions
which will be manifested in thoughts, behavior, and feelings.
This module is designed to provide you fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Disciplines and Ideas in Social Sciences / Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module Dominant Approaches and Ideas of Social
Sciences – Psychoanalysis and Rational Choice!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

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What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the definition of anthropology, sociology and political science. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Dominant Approaches and Ideas of Social Sciences –
Psychoanalysis
• Lesson 2 – Dominant Approaches and Ideas of Social Sciences – Rational
Choice
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major Social Science ideas;
and
2. Interpret personal and social experiences using relevant approaches in the
Social Sciences.

Notes to the Teacher

This Alternative Delivery Mode has been developed to help
you facilitate the learners in understanding the key concepts and
approaches in the Social Sciences.

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 What I Know

Matching Type
Directions: Match Column A to Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in
the blank before each number.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_______ 1. Psychoanalytic Theory a. This refers to the framework for

understanding the impact of the
_______ 2. Id
unconscious on thoughts, feelings,
_______ 3. Preconscious and behavior.
_______ 4. Ego b. The material that we have no
_______ 5. Conscious immediate access to, and we cannot
bring into consciousness. It includes
_______ 6. Superego
repressed feelings, hidden memories,
_______ 7. Sigmund Freud habits, thoughts, desires, and
reactions.
_______ 8. Unconscious
c. It contains those thoughts of which
_______ 9. Structure
you are currently aware.
_______ 10. Individualism
d. It is concerned only with satisfying
_______ 11. Optimality personal desires
_______ 12. Self-regarding Interest e. Individuals choose their actions
_______ 13. Rationality optimally, given their individual
preferences as well as the
_______ 14. Predictive opportunities or constraints with
_______ 15. Parsimony which the individuals face.
f. It is the most predominant
assumption of the rational choice
theory.
g. It is the ability of individuals to
ultimately take actions.
h. This assumption states that the
actions of an individual is concerned
entirely with his/her own welfare.
i. Bids the psychic apparatus to pursue
idealistic goals and perfection.

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 j. These structures and norms that
dictate a single course of action are
merely special cases of rational choice
theory.
k. The center of reason, reality-testing,
and common sense.
l. It stores all the thoughts of which you
could bring into consciousness fairly
easily if you wanted to; thoughts that
can be easily recalled without special
techniques.
m. Father of Psychoanalysis
n. The common knowledge of rationality
assumption.
o. Used to produce a wide variety of
decisive theories, whose predictions
about the measurable real world
phenomena rule out a much larger set
of outcomes that what is already
general

What’s In

Directions: Below words are jumbled about the previous lesson. Find out what the
word is and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. PUCTREUSRUST - _________________
2. IYBOMCLS MIRASONITCEITN - _________________ _________________
3. SMAMIXR - _________________
4. LRRUTCSUAT FNSILOMATCIU - _________________ _________________
5. GOSIIBOERUE - _________________

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 What’s New

Direction: Look at the pictures and describe what you see on them by determining
the significant ideas that they convey. Do it on a separate sheet of paper.

Psychoanalysis Rational Choice

222

111

1. 2.

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 Lesson Dominant Approaches and
1 Ideas of Social Sciences –
Psychoanalysis

What is It

Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic
techniques that have their origin in the work and theories of Sigmund Freud.
The core idea at the center of psychoanalysis is the belief that all people possess
unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories (Cherry 2020).
Sigmund Freud (Source: (WGBH 1998)
- Father of Psychoanalysis
- Jewish background, though avowed atheist.
- He had a medical background wanted to do “neurophysiologic research”.
- He had a private practice in nervous and brain disorders.
Table 1.1: Levels of Mental Life

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 Levels of Mental Life Description

The material that we have no immediate access to,

and we cannot bring into consciousness. It includes
1. Unconscious
repressed feelings, hidden memories, habits,
thoughts, desires, and reactions.

It stores all the thoughts of which you could bring

into consciousness fairly easily if you wanted to;
2. Preconscious
thoughts that can be easily recalled without special
techniques.

It contains those thoughts of which you are

3. Conscious
currently aware (e.g. logic and reasoning).

Table 1.2: Provinces of the Mind

Provinces of the Mind Description

• It is the oldest and most primitive psychic energy;

• Representing the biological foundations of
personality;

1. Id
• Is concerned only with satisfying personal
desires; and
• The actions taken by the id are based on the
Pleasure Principle (motivate the organism to seek
pleasure).

• The “executive”;
• The primary job of the ego is to mediate/ balance
the demands of the Id and the outer forces of
2. Ego reality;
• The center of reason, reality-testing, and common
sense; and
• Governed by the Reality Principle

• The “ideal”;
• Consequence of the oedipal drama (sexual desire
[child] toward the parent of the opposite
sex – jealous feelings [child] toward the parent of
3. Superego the same sex);
• The moral arm of the personality, it corresponds
to one’s conscience; and
• Bids the psychic apparatus to pursue idealistic
goals and perfection.

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 Lesson Dominant Approaches and
2 Ideas of Social Sciences –
Rational Choice
Rational Choice Theory
It is the view that people behave as they do because they believe that
performing their chosen actions has more benefits than costs. That is, people make
rational choices based on their goals, and those choices govern their behavior.
(Berroya 2017)
• Cost - an amount that has to be paid or spent to buy or obtain something.
• Benefit - an advantage or profit gained from something.
Table 2.1: Assumptions of Rational Choice Theory - Source: (Pasion 2018)

Assumptions of Rational
Description
Choice Theory

It is the ability of individuals to ultimately take

1. Individualism
actions. (independent, self-reliant)

Individuals choose their actions optimally, given

their individual preferences as well as the
2. Optimality
opportunities or constraints with which the
individuals face. (best or most effective)

These structures and norms that dictate a single

3. Structures course of action are merely special cases of rational
choice theory.

This assumption states that the actions of an

4. Self-Regarding Interest individual is concerned entirely with his/her own
welfare.

It is the most predominant assumption of the

5. Rationality
rational choice theory.

Table 2.2: Strengths of Rational Choice Theory - Source: (Pasion 2018)

Assumptions of Rational
Description
Choice Theory

This means that one set of assumptions relating to

each type of actor in a given circumstance is
1. Generality
compatible w/ any set of assumptions about the
environmental setting in which the actor is present.

(cheapness) The common knowledge of rationality

2. Parsimony
assumption.

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 Used to produce a wide variety of decisive theories,
whose predictions about the measurable real world
3. Predictive
phenomena rule out a much larger set of outcomes
that what is already general.

What’s More

Word Hunt
A. Directions: Locate the given words in the grid, running in one of different possible
directions horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.

P C H N T S O C Y S SUPEREGO

S O F E I N T O O D
ID
Y N L T I F E N E B

C C P E H S L S G N FREUD

H S N Y A R K C S E
OPTIMALITY
O P T I M A L I T Y

A D A N T E C O H X
BENEFIT
N U V R N A L U M D

A E L E S A J S E L PARSIMONY

L R J A K I D M N S
RATIONAL
Y F B Z N N M I H K

S R A E X O W O A W PSYCHOANALYSIS

I E L T G B I T N H
CONSCIOUS
S D W R T F Z T D Y

E X A M P L E K A Q COST

O G E R E P U S C R