Reducing The Effects Of Climate Change IELTS

Reading Answers with Explanation

Luyện tập đề IELTS Reading Practice với passage Reducing The Effects Of Climate
Change được lấy từ cuốn sách IELTS Cambridge IELTS Practice Test 11 - Test 1 -
Passage 3 với trải nghiệm thi IELTS trên máy và giải thích đáp án chi tiết bằng
Linearthinking, kèm list từ vựng IELTS cần học trong bài đọc.

DOL IELTS Đình Lực 28/02/2022

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Bài đọc (reading passage )
Reducing the Effects of Climate Change

Mark Rowe reports on the increasingly ambitious geo-engineering projects being explored by scientists

A. Such is our dependence on fossil fuels, and such is the volume of carbon dioxide already released into
the atmosphere, that many experts agree that significant global warming is now inevitable. They believe
that the best we can do is keep it at a reasonable level, and at present the only serious option for doing
this is cutting back on our carbon emissions. But while a few countries are making major strides in this
regard, the majority are having great difficulty even stemming the rate of increase, let alone reversing it.
Consequently, an increasing number of scientists are beginning to explore the alternative of geo-
engineering — a term which generally refers to the intentional large-scale manipulation of the
environment. According to its proponents, geo-engineering is the equivalent of a backup generator: if Plan
A - reducing our dependency on fossil fuels - fails, we require a Plan B, employing grand schemes to slow
down or reverse the process of global warming.

B. Geo-engineering; has been shown to work, at least on a small localised scale. For decades, MayDay
parades in Moscow havephântaken
tán
place under clear blue skies, aircraft having deposited dry ice, silver iodide
diễu hành lắng
and cement powder to disperse clouds. Many of the schemes now suggested look to do the opposite, and
reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the planet. The most eye-catching idea of all is suggested by
Professor Roger Angel of the University of Arizona. His scheme would employ up to 16 trillion minute
spacecraft, each weighing about one gram, to form a transparent, sunlight-refracting sunshade in an orbit
1.5 million km above the Earth. This could, argues Angel, reduce the amount of light reaching the Earth by
two per cent.

C. The majority of geo-engineering projects so far carried out — which include planting forests in
deserts and depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae - have focused on achieving a
general cooling of the Earth. But some look specifically at reversing the melting at the poles, particularly
the Arctic. The reasoning is that if you replenish the ice sheets and frozen waters of the high latitudes, vĩ độ
more light will be reflected back into space, so reducing the warming of the oceans and atmosphere.
bình xịt

D. The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by
bình lưu

several scientists. This would involve using sulphur or hydrogen sulphide aerosols so that sulphur dioxide
would form clouds, which would, in turn, lead to a global dimming. The idea is modeled on historic
volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991 , which led to a short-term
cooling of global temperatures by 0.5 °C. Scientists have also scrutinized whether it's possible to preserve
the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the
sea. Meanwhile in the Russian Arctic, geo-engineering plans include the planting of millions of birch trees.
Whereas the regions native evergreen pines shade the snow and absorb radiation, birches would shed
their leaves in winter, thus enabling radiation to be reflected by the snow. Re-routing Russian rivers to
increase cold water flow to ice forming areas could also be used to slow down warming, say some climate
scientists.

E. But will such schemes ever be implemented? Generally speaking, those who are most cautious about
geo-engineering are the scientists involved in the research. Angel says that his plan is ‘no substitute for
developing renewable energy: the only permanent solution'. And Dr. Phil Rasch of the US-based Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory is equally guarded about the role of geo-engineering: 'I think all of us
agree that if we were to end geo-engineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-
engineered condition very rapidly, and probably within ten to twenty years. That’s certainly something to
worry about.’
thổi vào, thêm vào

F. The US National Center for Atmospheric Research has already suggested that the proposal to inject
sulphur into the atmosphere might affect rainfall patterns across the tropics and the Southern Ocean.
‘Geo-engineering plans to inject stratospheric aerosols or to seed clouds would act to cool the planet, and
act to increase the extent of sea ice,’ says Rasch. ‘But all the models suggest some impact on the
distribution of precipitation.’

G. A further risk with geo-engineering projects is that you can “overshoot Y says Dr Dan Hunt, from the
University of Bristol’s School of Geophysical Sciences, who has studied the likely impacts of the sunshade
and aerosol schemes on the climate. ‘You may bring global temperatures back to pre-industrial levels, but
the risk is that the poles will still be warmer than they should be and the tropics will be cooler than before
industrialisation.’To avoid such a scenario,” Hunt says, “Angel’s project would have to operate at half
strength; all of which reinforces his view that the best option is to avoid the need for geo-engineering
altogether.”

H. The main reason why geo-engineering is supported by many in the scientific community is that most
researchers have little faith in the ability of politicians to agree - and then bring in — the necessary carbon
cuts. Even leading conservation organisations see the value of investigating the potential of geo-
engineering. According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, climate change advisor for the World Wildlife Fund’s
xúi giục, gây ra
International Arctic Programme, ‘Human induced climate change has brought humanity to a position where
we shouldn’t exclude thinking thoroughly about this topic and its possibilities.’
Câu hỏi (questions )
Question 1 - 3
Reading Passage has eight paragraphs A-H

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H

1 mention of a geo-engineering project based on an earlier natural phenomenon

2 an example of a successful use of geo-engineering

3 a common definition of geo-engineering

Question 4 - 10
Complete the table below.

Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.

GEO-ENGINEERING PROJECTS

Procedure Aim

put a large number of tiny spacecraft into orbit far above to create a 4 that would reduce the am
Earth light reaching Earth

place 5 in the sea to encourage 6 to form

release aerosol sprays into the stratosphere to create 7 that would reduce the am
light reaching Earth

fix strong 8 to Greenland ice sheets to prevent icebergs moving into the sea

plant trees in Russian Arctic that would lose their leaves to allow the 9 to reflect radiation
in winter

change the direction of 10 to bring more cold water into ice-forming areas

Question 11 - 14
Look at the following statements and the list of scientists below.

Match each statement with the correct scientist, A-D.

Write the correct letter, A-D

List of Findings

A Roger Angel

B Phil Rasch

C Dan Lunt

D Martin Sommerkorn

11 The effects of geo-engineering may not be long-lasting

12 Geo-engineering is a topic worth exploring

13 It may be necessary to limit the effectiveness of geo-engineering projects.

14 Research into non-fossil-based fuels cannot be replaced by geo engineering.

Answer key (đáp án và giải thích )

1 D Xem full giải thích

2 B Xem full giải thích

3 A Xem full giải thích

4 sunshade Xem full giải thích

5 iron Xem full giải thích

6 algae Xem full giải thích

7 clouds Xem full giải thích

8 cables Xem full giải thích

9 snow Xem full giải thích

10 rivers Xem full giải thích

11 B Xem full giải thích

12 D Xem full giải thích

13 C Xem full giải thích

14 A Xem full giải thích

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