Evaluation of The Philippine Expanded Senior Citizens Act (RA 9994) On Mandated Privileges For The Elderly
Evaluation of The Philippine Expanded Senior Citizens Act (RA 9994) On Mandated Privileges For The Elderly
Evaluation of The Philippine Expanded Senior Citizens Act (RA 9994) On Mandated Privileges For The Elderly
Abstract
This study examined how the Philippine government
implemented Republic Act 9994 known as the “Expanded Senior
Citizen’s Act” of 2010. It evaluated the compliance of concerned
establishments on selected privileges accrued to Filipino senior
citizens. We employed the Provus discrepancy model (PDM) in the
evaluation and analysis of gathered data. Thirty senior citizens from
Cebu City, Philippines were identified as respondents and twenty
establishments were surveyed. A content-validated semi-structured
interview guide was used to gather the needed data from both groups.
1
April Kyle A. Inabangan is a faculty member of the College of Nursing, Cebu Normal University (CNU), Cebu
City, Philippines. She is a duly licensed and a professional nurse who currently teaches in the undergraduate level.
Her recent publication and conducted researchers are focused on the different aspects of gerontology nursing.
2
Laurence L. Garcia is a faculty member of the College of Nursing, Cebu Normal University (CNU), Cebu City,
Philippines. His works centred on mental health and care of the older persons. His focus is on understanding human
behaviour throughout life, inspired by his exposure to people of different ages from his childhood to the present.
Currently, he is the Director of the Centre for Research and Development (CRD) and the Research Institute for
Ageing and Health (RIAH).
3
Ferdinand T. Abocejo is an Associate Professor of Eastern Visayas State University (EVSU) in Tacloban City,
Leyte, Philippines. He is a social science researcher with published researches encompassing public policy,
economics, statistics, health, tourism and political science. His most recent publication (in a Scopus indexed
journal) as a co-author, focused on disaster-related resiliency among older adult typhoon Haiyan survivors.
Prof. Abocejo is the corresponding author for this research article submission.
Email: [email protected]
6112
April Kyle A. Inabangan, Laurence L. Garcia, Ferdinand T. Abocejo- Evaluation of
the Philippine Expanded Senior Citizens Act (RA 9994) on Mandated
Privileges for the Elderly
1: INTRODUCTION
2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
using the model, she was able to identify the discrepancy and
derived solutions from it. Aside from the good points, critics
(Barrett, 1998; Steinmetz, 2002; Ambida and Cruz, 2017) found
out disadvantages of the model. They pointed out some
shortcomings or failures noted on the process of using the
evaluation model.
2.1: Theoretical-Conceptual
Framework
The Provus discrepancy model
(PDM), was first advocated by
Provus (as cited in Lindahl and
Beach, 2013). The PDM is
employed in this study to
evaluate how RA 9994 was Figure 1. Theoretical-Conceptual Framework
of the Study
implemented. This model has
been widely applied and proven
effective in evaluating programs. PDM has the ability to
identify weaknesses from the discrepancy present after
comparing the current program and the standards (Kellaghan,
Madaus, Stufflebeam, 2002). The PDM was also used as basis
if there is a need to modify, continue or terminate the program.
Provus (as cited in Lindahl and Beach, 2013) stressed that
discrepancies are an essential clue in program evaluation.
There are five (5) evaluation stages in PDM; namely, “design
criteria, installation fidelity, process adjustment, products
assessment and cost benefit” (Provus, as cited in Lindahl and
Beach, 2013).
Applying PDM in this study (Figure 1), selected
privileges of the RA 9994 were analysed based on the four (4)
stages of PDM. Initially, policy dissemination serves as the
design stage of the evaluation study on RA 9994 where it is
expected that, prior to the implementation of the law on the
selected privileges for elderly citizens, mass dissemination of
3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Restaurant manages 20 20 12 12 0
4.9: Discrepancies
Of the three assessed areas, discrepancies were noted on policy
dissemination and policy implementation as reflected in Table
2. Senior citizens are not fully aware of their benefits and
privileges. They are also not aware how to avail some discounts
on specific goods and services. Another discrepancy is the lack
of information dissemination among taxicab drivers. Though
memoranda were distributed, these failed to reach the
concerned individual implementers of various establishments
who were supposed to give the mandated discounts to senior
citizens.
5: CONCLUSION
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