Unit-1 Pending Multiplexing

Multiplexing
Definition:-
It is the sharing of a medium (or) bandwidth. It is the process of
“multiple signals coming from multiple sources are combined and
transmitted over a single communication/physical line ”.
There are Five types of Multiplexing :
 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

 Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
 Code-division multiplexing (CDM)
 Space-division multiplexing (SDM)
 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM):-
It is a type of multiplexing i.e The bandwidth of a single
physical medium is divided into a number of smaller, independent
frequency channels.
Example:- Radio and Television transmission

In FDM, The bandwidth is divided into frequency channels. In order to
prevent the inter-channel cross talk, unused strips (band) of bandwidth must be
placed between each channel. These unused strips between each channel are
known as “guardbands”.
 it cannot utilize the full capacity of the cable .

 In FDM, Analog signals are used to transmission.
 The process is simple and easy to modulate (adjust)
 Time Division Multiplexing:-
It is defined by using FDM, In FDM, The bandwidth is divided into frequency
channels. But in TDM, time is shared.
Each connection occupies a portion of time in the link. In TDM, all signals can
perform with the same frequency (bandwidth) at different times.
There are two types of Time Division Multiplexing:

 Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing
 Statistical (or Asynchronous) Time Division Multiplexing
 Synchronous TDM :
 The input frame already has a slot in the output frame. Time slots are
grouped into frames. One frame consists of one cycle of time slots.
 It is not efficient because if the input frame has no data to send, a slot
remains empty in the output frame.
 We need to mention the synchronous bit at the beginning of each frame.
 Statistical TDM :
 The output frame collects data from the input frame till it is full, not leaving
an empty slot like in Synchronous TDM.
 we need to include the address of each particular data in the slot that is being
sent to the output frame.
 It is more efficient type of time-division multiplexing as the channel capacity

is fully utilized and improves the bandwidth efficiency.
 Wavelength Division Multiplexing :-
 It used to increase the capacity of optical fiber by transmitting multiple

signals simultaneously over a single optical fiber
 Each signal is carried on a different wavelength of light, and the resulting
signals are combined onto a single optical fiber for transmission.
 At the receiving end, the signals are separated by their wavelengths,
demultiplexed and routed to their respective destinations.
 It can be divided into two categories: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
(DWDM) and Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM).
DWDM is used to multiplex a large number of optical signals onto a single fiber,
typically up to 80 channels with a spacing of 0.8 nm or less between the channels.
CWDM is used for lower-capacity applications, typically up to 18 channels with a
spacing of 20 nm between the channels.
 It is used on fiber optics to increase the capacity of a single fiber.
 It is an analog multiplexing technique.
 Optical signals from the different sources are combined to form a wider band
of light with the help of multiplexers. At the receiving end, the De-multiplexer
separates the signals to transmit them to their respective destinations.
 Space-division multiplexing (SDM):-

 It used in wireless communication systems to increase the capacity of the
system by exploiting the physical separation of users.
 In SDM, multiple antennas are used at both the source and destination ends to
create parallel communication channels.
 These channels are independent of each other, which allows for multiple users
to transmit data simultaneously in the same frequency band without
interference.
 The capacity of the system can be increased by adding more antennas, which
creates more independent channels.
Example:- wireless communication systems such as cellular networks, Wi-Fi,
and satellite communication systems. communication link.
Advantages:-
 It is Cost effective
 FDM allows simultaneous transmission of multiple signals
 Each device is allocated a specific time band for their transmission.
 CDM is used to increase the security so that only authorized user can access
data.
 It also provides scalability.
Disadvantage
 It increase the complexity of the system
 There is a problem of SPoF(Single Point of Failure)
 This is not fault tolerant.
 Code-division multiplexing (CDM) :

 It used in telecommunications to allow multiple users to transmit data
simultaneously over a single communication channel.
 In CDM, each user is assigned a unique code that is used to modulate their
signal.
 The modulated signals are then combined and transmitted over the same
channel. At the receiving end, each user’s signal is demodulated using their
unique code to retrieve their original data.
 It provides enhanced data communication capabilities.
 It does not compress the bandwidth of other frequencies.

Unit-1 Pending Multiplexing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit-1 Pending Multiplexing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit-1 Pending Multiplexing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Multiplexing

There are Five types of Multiplexing :

 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

Example:- Radio and Television transmission

 it cannot utilize the full capacity of the cable .

There are two types of Time Division Multiplexing:

 It is more efficient type of time-division multiplexing as the channel capacity

 It used to increase the capacity of optical fiber by transmitting multiple

 Space-division multiplexing (SDM):-

 Code-division multiplexing (CDM) :

You might also like