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    Matrix Algebra PT 1 - CH No. 09

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    Mohamed Saqib

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    Matrix Algebra PT 1 - CH No. 09

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    Mohamed Saqib
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    Matrix Algebra pt 1 - Ch No. 09

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    1 views22 pages

    Matrix Algebra PT 1 - CH No. 09

    Uploaded by

    Mohamed Saqib

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 22

    Introduction to Mathematics

    Week 7-8
    This week

    01 Matrices

    02 Basic Operations on Matrices

    03 Types of Matrices

    04 Application of a Matrix
    Matrices
    Definition: “Matrix is a rectangular array of elements”
    In general,
    Continue…
    Order of Matrix(Dimension): A matrix of m rows and n columns is said to be of
    order m×n.

    Example: Determine the order of each matrix.


    5 0
    1 0 0
    a. 2 b. 1 −3 0 c. d. 2 −2
    2 0 0
    −7 4

    Answers: a. 1×1, b. 1×4, c. 2×2, d. 3×2.


    Special Types of Matrices
    Row Vector/Matrix:
    A row vector is a matrix having only one row. A row vector R having n elements 𝑟𝑛
    has dimension ( 1 X n)
    R = 𝑟11 𝑟12 𝑟13 𝑟14 ⋯ 𝑟1𝑛
    Column Vector:
    A column vector is a matrix having one column. A column vector C having m
    elements 𝑐𝑚 has dimension m x 1,
    𝑐11
    𝑐21
    C = ⋮
    𝑐𝑚1
    Continue…
    Square Matrix: If m = n, the matrix is square of order n.
    1 4 −3
    1 3
    e.g. 3 , , −1 3 −2
    4 −7
    1 0 −2

    Identity Matrix: It is also called unit matrix. It is n x n matrix for which each main diagonal
    entry is a 1 and all other entries are 0.
    1 0 0 0
    1 0 0
    1 0 0 1 0 0
    e.g. 𝐼2 = , 𝐼3 = 0 1 0 , 𝐼4 =
    0 1 0 0 1 0
    0 0 1
    0 0 0 1
    Continue…
    Augmented Matrix: A matrix derived from system of linear equations (each written in
    standard form with the constant term on the right) is the augmented matrix of the system.

    3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5
    e.g. Linear system: ቐ 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0
    −𝑥 + 4𝑧 = 11
    The augmented matrix will be,
    3 −2 1 5
    1 3 −1 0
    −1 0 4 11
    Transpose of a Matrix

    3 4 1
    Convert rows into column. i.e. AT =
    2 0 −2
    Exercise 9.2
    Q1 – Q10
    Q1: Find a, b, c, and d, if
    𝑎 𝑏 1 3
    =
    𝑐 𝑑 5 2
    Solution:
    Since the two matrices are equal, the corresponding entries must be same.
    So, a = 1, b = 3, c = 5, and d = 2.
    Performing Operations on Matrices

    a) A + B, since dimension of both A and B are same. Therefore,


    2 −3 1 0
    0 5 + −3 1
    1
    7 − 2 2
    2
    Continue…
    2+1 −3 + 0 3 −3
    0 + (−3) 5 + 1 = −3 6
    −1
    7+2 +2 9 3/2
    2
    b) C – D
    Since, both matrices have same dimension, therefore;
    7 −3 0 6 0 −6 1 −3 6
    − =
    0 1 5 8 1 9 −8 0 −4
    c) C + A, not possible, because matrix dimension is incorrect.
    d) 5A
    2 −3 5∗2 5 ∗ −3 10 −15
    5* 0 5 = 5∗0
    1
    5∗5 = 0 25
    7 − 5 ∗ 7 5 ∗ −1/2 35 −5/2
    2
    Matrix Multiplication

    Solution:
    Since column in A is equal to rows in B. therefore, we can perform matrix
    multiplication;

    5 7 1 2 5∗1+7∗9 5 ∗ 2 + 7 ∗ (−1)
    AB = =
    −3 0 9 −1 −3 ∗ 1 + 0 ∗ 9 −3 ∗ 2 + 0 ∗ (−1)

    68 3
    =
    −3 −6
    Continue…
    1 2 5 7 1∗5 + 2 ∗ (−3) 1∗7 + 2∗0
    BA= =
    9 −1 −3 0 9 ∗ 5 + (−1) ∗ (−3) 9 ∗ 7 + −1 ∗ 0

    −1 7
    =
    48 63

    This shows that, in general, AB ≠ BA. i.e. Matrix multiplication is not


    commutative.
    Example:
    Solution:
    a) Since column in A is equal to rows in B. therefore, we can perform matrix multiplication;
    4000 1000 3500
    BA = 0.90 0.80 1.10 400 300 200
    700 500 9000
    =
    0.9 × 4000 + 0.8 × 400 + 1.1 × 700 0.9 × 1000 + 0.80 × 300 + 1.10 × 500 0.9 × 3500 + 0.8 × 200 + 1.1 × 9000

    = 4690 1690 13210

    b) Total revenue in Santa Monica is $4690, in Long Beach is $1690 and in Anaheim is $13210.
    Word Problem 2:
    Word Problem 2:
    81.5
    95.8
    Answer = 67.7
    81.3
    74.9

    The final average grades of five students are 81.5, 95.8, 67.7, 81.3, and 74.9 respectively.
    Thank You!

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