FOR1-MODULE 7. Lesson Proper

FOR 1: FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
MODULE 7: Types Of Film

Page 1 of 4
LESSON PROPER
COLOR REVERSAL FILM

AND SLIDE FILM
Color reversal film, or
commonly called slide film,
creates the opposite of color
negative film or black and white
film. Instead of creating a
negative to be printed to a
positive, the slide film is a
positive of the image. As such,
the slide film produces
extremely rich and vibrant
colors that come closer to the
actual colors and tones present
during exposure. Alternatively, slide film is not nearly as flexible as color negative or black and white film.
Slides can be printed in the darkroom, but the process is generally more expensive. Slide film can be
used for 35mm film cameras and medium format film cameras. Modern day color reversal film is processed
with the E-6 processing. The major film brands for color reversal film are Kodak and Fuji. The ISO film
speed of slide film is typically slow film that results in extremely fine grains to produce sharper images.
Slide or color reversal film is a positive film. Instead of creating a negative to then print as a positive,
slide film is already positive. The colors and tones correctly display on the film… but before we take a deep
dive into the different types of reversal film, let’s look at the critical difference between C-41 and E-6.
HOW COLOR REVERSAL FILM WORKS

As the name reversal suggests, slide film works the opposite of print film. In print film the red, green,
and blue emulsion layers are exposed and leave a negative dye of cyan, magenta, and yellow. Slide film is
a subtractive process that starts with layers of cyan, magenta, and yellow. When the film is exposed, the
dye is subtracted to reveal red, green, and blue colors. Thus, when processed the film reveals the actual,
positive, colors of the image.
Page 2 of 4
E-6 – WHAT’S IN A NAME?

Slide or color reversal film is referred to as
E-6 due to the development process requiring
six baths, including developer, stop, and fixer.
E-6 slide film is a lot less forgiving as it has a
lower ISO value but produces vivid color with
evidence of finer grain. As a result, with the
correct exposure when captured, images will
be true to life and visually beautiful. E-6 also
delivers stunning resolution and image
sharpness, and when projected, the results
are impressive.
Slide film has always had a fan following
due to the instant results achieved with a
positive slide. Regardless of framing the film
or not, add a little light, and you have an instant
view of the image in its correct colors. If you choose
to frame your slides, a simple plastic frame is applied to review and protect them. The slides can also be
viewed on a light table well ahead of any printing or scanning process.
Unfortunately, E-6 processing is becoming rarer as many retail store labs opt only for the cheaper and
simpler C-41 machines. But, despite this, The Darkroom photo able continues to see a demand for slide
film and E-6 processing.
C-41 – POPULAR BY DEMAND

On the flip side is the color negative film,
otherwise referred to as C-41 due to the
processing technique. A technique that was
developed and introduced by Kodak in 1972. A film
that relies on C-41 processing is by far the most
common film type available today. C-41 or color
negative film is, as the name suggests, a negative
with tone and color reversed once developed. The
printing or scanning process reverses the color and
tone to produce the positive image we see in prints
and scans.
C-41 tends to be more cost-effective to
purchase and develop – plus, the range of film
available is considerable. A great benefit of the C-41 process
is the ability to push-process a film for longer durations to obtain interesting results. Another interesting
approach is to cross-process the E-6 slide film in the C-41 method. While the resolution in C-41 is not even
close to E-6, the dynamic range and speed have more significant variance.
Page 3 of 4
THE POSITIVE OR PRINT

PRINT - A photographic image printed on paper, generally a positive image made from a negative.
After the process of producing the negatives has been completed, a positive image is produced
from the negative which is a true representation of the relative brightness of all parts of the object and is
now called print. A print is ordinarily made on paper that is coated with a light sensitive emulsion. This
emulsion is much thw same as the one which must be used ti cover the film.
PHOTOGRAPH – mechanical and chemical result of photography.

PICTURE – Is a generic term in refers in all kinds formed of image.
IMAGE – a representation of the external form of a person or thing in art.
PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER is a paper coated with a light sensitive chemical formula, used for making
photographic prints. When photographic paper is exposed to light, it captures a latent image. It is that
sensitized material that will record the visible image in the final development and become the photograph.
BASIC LAYER OF PRINTING PAPER
BASE – Made of paper which must be chemically pure to insure that it will bot interfere with the
chemical processes to which the emulsion is subjected. Available either in a single or double
weight paper.
BARAYTA LAYER – A gelatin layer containing barayta crystals to increase the reflectivity of
the paper.
EMULSION LAYER – Contain minute silver halides suspended with gelatin which needs only
to reproduce the total range of negative.
TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING PAPER

According to Emulsion Used (Silver halides content)
CHLORIDE PAPERS – Have a slow speed emulsion containing silver chloride, fine grain and
produce deep blacks, and used for conatact printing.
BROMIDE PAPERS – Have faster emulsion speed than chloride paper, achieve sensitivity through
the use of bromide halides. Because of the relatively high sensitivity to light, these emulsions are
particularly suitable for projection printing.
CHLOROBROMIDE PAPERS - Cantain boyh silver chloride and silver bromide halides. Emulsion
speed lies between that of chloride and bromide papers, used for both contact and projection
printing.
VARIABLE CONTRAST PAPER – Combines the contrast ranges in one paper, this versabilitiy is
achieved with special chlorobromide emulsion that preduces varying contrast responses upon
exposure to different colored light.
Page 4 of 4
TYPES OF FILM
According to Spectral Sensitivity
SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY – is the responsiveness of the film emulsion to the different wavelength of the
light course.
BLUE SENSITIVE FILM – Sensitive to U.V. light and Blue Color.
ORTHOCHROMATIC FILM – Sensitive to U.V. Light up to the green. (popular in the marker as
KODALITH FILM) but not sensitive to red color.
PANCHROMATIC FILM – Sensitive to U.V. Light up to red (sensitive to all colors of the visible
light)
INFRARED FILM – Sensitive to all colors and to infrared light.
PRINTING PAPER GRADES

According to Contrast or Grade
Because of the fact that all negatives do not print best on one kind of paper, and in order to permit
printing for special effects, photographic papers is made in several different gardes of contrast and surface
texture. Velox paper made by Kodak offers the most and in six degrees of contrast and glossy surface.
VELOX NO. 0 – used for printing extremely contrast negative or extremely exposed film.
VELOX NO. 1 – used for high contrast negative (over exposed film)
VELOX NO. 2 – used for normal exposed film
VELOX NO. 3 – used for negative with weak contrast (under exposed)
VELOX NO. 4 – used to provide sufficient contrast to compensate for very thin or weak negatives.
It is useful imprinting which high contrast is desired.
VELOX NO. 5 – for flat negative that are unprintable.

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FOR 1: FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY

MODULE 7: Types Of Film

COLOR REVERSAL FILM

HOW COLOR REVERSAL FILM WORKS

E-6 – WHAT’S IN A NAME?

C-41 – POPULAR BY DEMAND

THE POSITIVE OR PRINT

PHOTOGRAPH – mechanical and chemical result of photography.

BASIC LAYER OF PRINTING PAPER

TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING PAPER

PRINTING PAPER GRADES

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