Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans’

Sardar Patel Institute Of Technology

Munshinagar, Andheri(W), Mumbai-400058
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Department

Subject : Foundation of Signal Processing Class : TE EXTC

Assignment-2 Topic : Discrete Fourier Transform Date : 15-10-2023

NOTE : [1] All questions are Compulsory.

[2] Do not write answers for FAQs in your assignment. But you should be in a
position to answer FAQs at the time of correction.
[3] Deadline for submission of corrected assignment is 15th October 2023.
[4] Solve atleast 10 questions. After deadline you will have to attempt all
questions.

Module : 02
References :

[1] Proakis and Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, 4th Edition, Pearson Education.

[2] Ashok Ambardar, ‘Digital Signal Processing ‘ , Cengage Learning, 2007,

ISBN : 978-81-315-0179-5.
[3]. Emmanuel C. Ifeachor, Barrie W. Jervis, “Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach”,
Pearson Education ISBN 0-201-59619- 9
[4] S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj, C. Gnanapriya, ‘Digital Signal Processing ‘ TataMcgraw Hill
Publication First edition (2010). ISBN 978-0-07-066924-6.

• DFT- IDFT EQUATION

Q(1) (a) Let x[n] = δ[n] + 2 u[n–1] + u[n–2] + δ[n–3] – 3 u[n–4]. Find X[k].

(b) Let x[n] = 3 cos ( 0.5 π n ). Find X[k].

Hint : x[n] is periodic with period N=4. Find first four values of x[n].
⎧ ⎫
(c) Let x[n] = ⎨ 1 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 ⎬ Find 8 point DFT of x[n].
⎩↑ ⎭

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 • Properties of DFT
[1] Scaling and Linearity property

Q(2) Let x[n] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }

Find inverse DFT of the following without using DFT/iDFT equations.
(a) P[k] = 8 X[K] (b) Q[k] = 8 + X[k]

[2] Time Shift Property

Q(3) Let x[n] be 4 point sequence with X[k] = {1, 2, 3, 4}.
Find the DFT of the following sequences using X[k] and not otherwise.
(a) p[n]= x[n-1] (b) q[n] = x[n+1]

Q(4) Given a[n] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }.Find the DFT of the following signals using A[k].
(a) Find A[k].
(b) Let b[n] = { 3, 4, 1, 2 }
(c) Let c[n] = { 4, 6, 4, 6 }
(d) Let d[n] = { –2, –2, 2, 2 }
(e) Let e[n] = { 5, 3, 5, 7 }

ANS (b) B[k] = (–1)k A [k] (d) D[k] = [ 1+ (–1)k ] A [k] :

(c) C[k] = [ 1+ (–1)k ] A [k] (e) E[k] = A[k] + WNk A[k]

Q(5) Given x(n) = { 1, 1 , 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}. Let X[k] be DFT of x[n].

(a) Let a [n] = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 } Find A[k] using X[k]

(b) Let b[n] = { 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1} Find B[k] using X[k]
(c) Let c [n] = { 1, 0, 0, 0, –1, 0, 0, 0} Find C[k] using X[k]
(d) Let d[n] = { 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2 } Find D[k] using X[k]

[3] Frequency Shift Property

Q(6) Let x[n] be four point sequence with X[k] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }.

Find the DFT of the following sequences using X[k].
nπ
(a) p[n] = (– 1) n x[n] (b) q[n] = x[n] cos( 2 )

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[4] Time Reversal Property

Q(7) Given x(n) = { 1, 1 , 1, 1, 0 , 0, 0, 0 }. Let X[k] be DFT of x[n].

(a) Let a [n] = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 } Find A[k] using X[k]
(b) Let b[n] = { 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 } Find B[k] using X[k]

Q(8) Let x[n] be four point sequence with X[k] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }.

Find the DFT of the following sequences using X[k].
(a) p[n]= x[-n] (b) q[n] = x[-n+1] (c) r[n] = x[-n-1]

ANS : (a) P[k] = { 1, 4, 3, 2} (b) Q[k] = { 1, – 4j, – 3, 2j } ( c) R[k] = { 1, 4j, – 3, – 2j }

Q(9) Given x[n] = 1 0 ≤ n ≤ 3

0 4 ≤ n ≤ 7

Compute the DFT of the following sequence using X[k] only.

(a) p[n] = 1 n = 0 ( b) q[n] = 0 0 ≤ n ≤ 1

0 1 ≤ n ≤ 4 1 2 ≤ n ≤ 5
1 5 ≤ n ≤ 7 0 6 ≤ n ≤ 7

Hint : (a) p[n] = x[-n] (b) q[n] = x[n-2]

P[k] = X[–k] Q[k] = WN2k X[k]

[5] Symmetry Property

Q(10) For the DFT of each real sequence compute boxed quantities
(a) P[k] = { 0, , 2+j, -1, , j }
(b) Q[k] = { 1, 2, , , 0, 1-j, -2, }
ANS : (a) P[1] = –j P[4]= 2–j (b) Q[2] = –2 Q[3] =1+j Q[7] = 2

[6] DFT Property of Even Signal and Odd Signal

Q(12) Let x[n] be the finite duration sequence of length 8. Its corresponding DFT
X[k] is, X[k] = {(1), (4 + j2), (6 + j4), (2j), (6), (-2j), (6 – j4), (4 – j2)} A new
sequence p[n] of length 8 is defined as p[n] = ½ {x[n]+x[-n]} Find P[k] i.e.
DFT of p[n] without performing DFT/ iDFT operations.

Hint : p[n] = xe[n] So P[k] = Xe[k].

ANS P[k] = { 1, 4, 6, 0, 6, 0, 6, 4 }

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[7] Complex Conjugate Property

Q(13) Given x[n] = { (1 + j), (2 + j2), (3 + j3), (4 + j2) }

(a) Find X[k].
(b) Find DFT of x * [n]using X[k] and not otherwise.
(c) Let p[n] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } and q[n] = { 1, 2, 3, 2 } Find P[k] and Q[k]
using X[k].

[8] Convolution Property

Q(14) Given x[n] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }. And X[k]= { 8, -2, 0, -2 }.

(a) Find inverse DFT of P[k] = X2[k] without using DFT/iDFT equations.
(b) Find the DFT of q[n]=x[n]V x[n] using X[k] and not otherwise.

ANS : (a) p[n] = { 26, 28, 26, 20 } (b) [k] = { 1, 4, 9, 16 }

(

[9] Circular Correlation Property of DFT

Q(15)Let x[n] = ( 1, 2, 3, 2 } and h[n] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }

(a) Find Circular Cross Correlation using Time domain method.

(b) Find Circular Cross Correlation using DFT .

[10] Parseval’s Energy Theorem

Q(16) Let x[n] = ( 1, 2, 3, 2 } Find X[k]

(a) Find Energy of the signal using X[k].
(b) Find Energy of the signal using x[n].

Q(17) Let x[n]= {1, –2, 3, –4, 5, –6} without evaluating its DFT /iDFT compute the following
5
(a) X[0] (b) X[3] (c) ∑ | X[k ] | 2
n =0

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Ø Home Work Practice Problems

Q(1) Let X[k] be DFT of 4 point sequence x[n]..

Find the DFT of the following sequences interms of X[k].
(A) x[n-1] (D) x[-n+1] (G) 2δ[n] + x[n] (J) e j ( n - 2 ) π x[n-2]
(B) x[n+1] (E) x[-n-1] (H) 2 + x[n] (K) x[n-2]
(C) x[-n] (F) x[n] * x[n] (I) e j n π x[n] (L) x*[n]

Q(2) Let X[k] be DFT of 4 point sequence x[n].

Find inverse DFT of the following in terms of x[n].
(1) X[k-2] (4) X[-k+2] (7) 2 X[K] (10) e j 1 . 5 πk X[–k]
(2) X[k+2] (5) X[-k-2] (8) e j πk X[k] (11) X*[–k]
(3) X[-k] (6) X 2 [k] (9) e j πk X[k-2] (12) 8 + X[K]

Q(4) A sequence x[n] = { x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3] } Let DFT { x[n] } = X[k] = { 1, 2 , 3, 2 }
(a) Identify the signal type.
(b) Let p[n] = { x [0] , x[1], x [2], x [3], 0, 0, 0, 0 }. Find P[k] only for even values of k.

Q(6) Given x(n) = { 1, 1 , 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}.

Find DFT of the following sequences in terms of X[k].

A) a [n] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 } E) e [n] = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
B) b [n] = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1} F) f [n] = { 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}
C) c [n] = { 1, 0, 0, 0, –1, 0, 0, 0} G) g [n] = { 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}
D) d [n] = { 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1} H) p [n] = { 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5}

A) A [k] = (–1)k X [k] E) E[k] = X [k] + A[k]

ANS :
B) B[k] = X [– k]
F) F[k] = W N2 k X[k]
:
C) C[k] = B[k] – A[k] G) G [k] = X[k] + 1

D) D[k] = X[k] – A[k] H) P[k] = Xe[k] = Real {X[k]}

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Frequently Asked Questions on DFT
(1) Define Discrete Fourier Transform of x[n].
(2) How many complex multiplications and additions are required to find DFT ?
(3) How many real multiplications and additions are required to find DFT.
(4) What is the DFT of δ[n] ?
(5) What is the DFT of N pt signal u[n] ?
(6) What is the DFT of 4 pt x[n] where x[n] = δ[n] + u[n] ?
(7) Why DFT results are periodic ?
(8) DFT gives discrete spectrum or continuous spectrum ? Justify ?
(9) What do you mean by spectrum is Discrete or continuous.
(10) Find DFT of x[n] where x[n] = u[n] + 2 u[n-2] – 3 u[n-4]
(11) Find DFT of 10 pt x[n] where x[n] = δ[n] + δ[n-5] ?
(12) What is DFT property of EVEN signal ?
(13) What is the DFT of real and even signal.?
(14) What is the DFT of Imaginary and Even signal ?
(15) What is DFT property of ODD signal ?
(16) What is the DFT of real and Odd signal ?
(17) What is the DFT of Imaginary and Odd signal ?
(18) If DT signal is expanded in time domain what will be the effect in frequency domain?
(19) If DT signal is compressed in time domain what will be the effect in frequency domain?
(20) If DT signal is appended by zeros in time domain what will be the effect in frequency domain?
(21) How to find energy of signal from its DFT ?
(22) How to find CC using DFT ?
(23) How to find LC using CC ?
(24) How to find LC using DFT ?
(25) How to find output of the filter using DFT ?
(26) What is the length of linearly convolved signals ?
(27) What do you mean by aliasing in circular convolution ?
(28) What is DTFT ?
(29) If DTFT is Fourier Transform of DT signal then What is DFT ?
(30) Describe the relation between DFT and DTFT.
(31) Derive DFT equation .
(32) Why DFT ? What is need of Sampling DTFT ?
(33) How to find DFT of infinite length sequence ?
(34) What is Power Density Spectrum of Periodic DT Signals ?
(35) What is Energy Density Spectrum of DT Aperiodic Signals
(36) Find DTFT and Energy Density Spectrum of x[n] = u[n].
(37) What is the necessary condition to find DTFT of any signal. ?
(38) DTFT gives continuous spectra or discrete spectra?.
(39) What is the relation between DFT and DTFT ?