B.inggris Group 2 PDF

THE PAPER
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THALASSEMIA
group:2
members of the group
Arsya Putri Nalis2314201159
Azura2314201160
Chintia Ningrum2314201161
Hesti Saputri2314201168
Juliana Nadila Putri2314201171
Nabila Pribudaya Lestari2314201176
Natasya Febriani2314201178
Nesi Tri Ningsih2314201180
DanielHonya Rizkyna2314201184
Putri Kimberly
Vhery Firmansyah2314201197
Viola Ramadhani2314201198
Viviana Alya Meysa2314201199
A.Definition of thalassemia
The thalassemias are a group of genetic (inherited) blood disorders
that share in common one feature, the defective production of
hemoglobin, the protein that enables red blood cells to carry and
deliver oxygen and nutrition. There are many different mechanisms
of defective hemoglobin synthesis and, hence, many types of
thalassemia. it is passed down from one or both parents through
their genes. When you have thalassemia, your body makes less
hemoglobin than normal. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in red
blood cells. It carries oxygen to all parts of the body. There are
two main types of thalassemia: alpha and beta. Different genes are
affected for each type.
B,Classfication of thalassemia
1. Alpha Thalassemia
Is a form of thalassemia involving the genes HBA1 andHBA2. Alpha thalassemia is due
to impaired production of alpha chains from 1,2,3 or all 4 of the alpha globin genes,
leading to a relative excess of beta globin chains.The degree of impairment is based
on which clinical phenotype is present.
2. Beta Thalassemia
There are two forms of beta thalassemia. They are thalassemia minor and
thalassemia major (which is also called Cooley's anemia ).Many people with this
disorder are given iron replacement by mistake. This happens when a lack of iron is
believed to cause their anemia. Too much iron can be harmful. So it is important to
get the right diagnosis. You may need to see a blood disorder specialist, called a
hematologist.
C.The causes of
thalassemia
Beta thalassemia is caused by damaged or missing genes. Two specific genes are
involved. There are several types of this disorder:
• Beta thalassemia major (Cooley’s anemia) . There are two damaged genes. This is
the most severe form of this disorder. People with this condition will need frequent
blood transfusions. They may not live a normal lifespan.
• Beta thalassemia minor or thalassemia trait. Only one gene is damaged. This causes
less severe anemia. People with this type have a 50% chance of passing the gene to
their children. If the other parent is notaffected, their children will also have this
form of the disorder.
Thalassemina not spread from other people but it can causes by genetic from
their parents. People who havea Thalassemia history from the family may descend
tothe kids, even it’s a major or minor.
D.symptoms of thalassemia
Thalassemia patients have symptoms that varydepending on the type of missing amino acid chain and theamount of
loss. Patients mostly have mild anemia,especially anemia. Because it is caused by decreased hemoglobin function in
carrying oxygen of body tissue. And decreased hemoglobin function is caused by the decrease of iron as the oxygen
binder in hemoglobin.
1. Major
Individuals with beta thalassemia major usually present within the first two years till grow up of life with :
• Severe anemia
• They don’t gain weight and can’t grow at theexpected rate.
• Skeletal abnormalities during infacy
• Abnormal bones when they start to grow up.
• May develop yellowing of the skin and sklera of theeye.
• Some of them may delayed of puberty.
• Enlarged liver and spleen
2. Minor
Thalassemia minor is milder than thalassemia major. The sign and symtomp of this kind of thalassemia appear in
early chilhood or later in life. Affected individuals have mild to moderate anemia and may also have a slow growth
and an abnormalities of bones.
E,Treatment for thalassemia
Thalassemia disease has no cure, but can be prevented by genetic counseling, prenatal
diagnosis and skinning of thalassemia carriers
1. Major
As we know that people with thalassemia major willhave chronic anemia because their body
can notproduce normal red blood. There is no treatment to cure this type of disease
because there has not been any medicine until now. But patients have to do blood
transfusions during their life to survive. Blood transfusion should be done routinely because
within 120 days the red blood cells will die.
2. Minor
Thalassemia minor lighter than thalassemia major.People with this kind of disease just need
to control their eating habits and get food with good nutrition,starting to always do a
healthy life and stay away from too salty, too sour, and fermented foods.
conclusion
Thalassemia is a group of genetic (genetic) blood disorders that share
in one common feature, the production of damaged hemoglobin, a
protein that allows red blood cells to carry and deliver oxygen and
nutrients. Thalassemia is disease disorder inherited by parents to their
children. Thalassemia can cause mild or severe anemia. An education
program on thalassemia needs to be done, because with the education
program, marriage counseling and prenatal diagnosis prevention can be
achieved. Therefore attention to thalassemia must be improved by both
government and physicians and the public
Thank you

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