The Official Journal of The Iraqi Board For Medical Specializations
The Official Journal of The Iraqi Board For Medical Specializations
The Official Journal of The Iraqi Board For Medical Specializations
ISSN 1608-8360
All articles published represent the opinions of the authors and do not reflect official policy of the journal. All rights are reserved to the Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal. No part of the Journal may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or via any storage or retrieval system without written permission from the journal. Publication Office: Ipmj, Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations Iraq P.O. Box; 5116 Tel; 00964-1-4140664, Fax: +00964-1-4140664 www.geocities.com/usamarifat/Iraqi_Journal.html E-mail: IPMJ 2000@ yahoo.com
ISSN 1608-8360
Instruction to Authors
1. The Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal welcomes contribution on new medical subjects from all parts of the world. Papers are accepted on the consideration on the understanding that the contents have not been published in whole or in part by other journals. The papers are subject to editorial revision, and the editor is responsible for the order of publication. Authors must include a statement on the ethical aspect of their research.
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4. Case Report should not exceed 300 words, 3 illustrations and 3-4 reference. The section should be: (1) Case Report; (2) Comment; (3) References. 5. Address: All editorial communication should be addressed to Secretary of IPMJ Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations, P.O. Box 5116, Bab AL-Muadham, Baghdad, Iraq. Tel: 00964-1-5410446 and ++964-1-4140664.Fax++964-1-4140664.
List of Contents
Cardiovascular Manifestations of Primary Hypothyroidism.
Volume 9 . (2).2010
Abdulla Janger Minshed,Adel Saleem abdul-Ghafor,Ahmed Shaker113-119 Influence of Primary Hypothyroidism on Serum Leptin Level. Maryam S. Mohammad, Abdul Hussein A. Farage ,Aras A. Abdullah120-124 Compliance Issue in Type II Diabetes: Does it Reduce the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors? Yousif Abdul Raheem125-134 Visceral Leishmaniasis Complicated by Secondary Bacterial Infections in Iraqi Kala-azar. Mohammed F. Al-Timmimi, Sami Y. Guirges, Abdul Rahman A. Al-Tae 135-139 Treatment of Acne Vulgaris With Nigella Sativa Oil Lotion. Nasir Abdul-Ameer Hadi Al-Harchan 140-144 Compliance and Knowledge of Hypertensive Patients Attending Shorsh Hospital in Kirkuk Governorate. Haitham Issa Al Banna, Layla hassan Mohmed145 -150 Is Chlamydia Pneumonia an Independent Risk Factor in Ischemic Heart Disease? Eman Sh. AL-Obeidy, Basil. N. Saeed....151-154 Leptin Effect in the Development of Obesity Related Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women. Waleed Kh. Hussein...155-157 Drug Compliance in Epileptic Children in Sulaymani Governate. Ibrihem Khasro, Salem Rahma158-162 Laparoscopic management of symptomatic renal cysts Saad D. Farhan1163-168 Proportion and Determinants of Incomplete Vaccination Among Children Aged Less Than Two Years in Baghdad City. Loai S. Fadil ,Faris Al-Lami169-173 Early Neonatal Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia in Full Term Newborns and Types of Feeding. Numan Nafie Hameed, Farah Kadem Nama174-180 The Impact of Resistin and IL-6 on Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Its Duration in Children. Manal k. Resheed AL-Ani, Hadef D. El-Yassin, Ban A. Majaad,Mahjob AL-Nedawy181-188 Surgical Treatment of Hydatid Cyst of the Liver Tariq E. Al-aubaidi189-195
Hepatectomy Experience in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Saieb S. Al-Gailani, Omar R. Mahjoub, Safa M. Al-Obaidi196-199 Surgical Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Lip in Northern Iraq Saadallah M. Alzacko200-205 Substance Abuse and Dependence : In the Records of the Iraqi Hospitals and Health Centers During the Year 2008. Nesif Al-Hemiary , Mushtaq Talib206-209 Estimation of GM-CSF in Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients and Individuals Vaccinated With Recombinant HB Vaccine. Rukia Muhammad. Al-Barzinji , Hiwa Abdul -Rahman Ahmed210-213 Cardiac Troponins as Prognostic Markers in Acute Heart Failure. Muataz Fawzi Hussein214-220 Progeria (Case Report ) Abdul-Karem Jasem albahadle221-224
LEPTIN LEVEL
Compliance Issue in Type II Diabetes: Does it Reduce the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors?
Yousif Abdul Raheem
ABSTRACT:
BACK GROUND: Type 2 diabetes, which is the most common form of diabetes, has an alarming increasing rate. It is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Non-compliance with healthy life styles, anti-diabetic drugs and diet are the central issues in patient's management as it might synergist other CVD risk factors. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to find out the compliance, prevalence of CVD risk factors, and any association between them in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional design and a convenient sample of 820 diabetic patients were used in conducting this study for the period from the 1st October, 2006 to 31st December, 2008. A Structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic information from the patients. 10 questions were used to determine the patient's compliance. The classic risk factors; obesity, hyperglycemia (HG), hypertension (HT), and hypercholesterolemia (HC), have been studied for each patient and compared with his/her compliance to find any association. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that there were only 187 out of 820 (22.80%) with good compliance and 297 (36.22%), 336 (40.98%) patients with fair and poor compliance respectively. The prevalence of obesity, over weight, uncontrolled HG, HT (systolic, diastolic or both) and presence of HC in our diabetic patients were 27.32%, 36.83%, 51.95%, 40.73 and 30.37 respectively. Good compliance was associated significantly with normal body weight, controlled HG, absence of HT, and absence of HC. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that less than one third of our diabetic patients had good compliance. CVD risk factors are prevalent among them, and this prevalence is associated significantly with the level of compliance. Understanding the reasons behind these forms of non-compliance is an important key to the successful development of potential program to decrease the CVD risk factors and associated Table complications. 1: Compliance of the diabetic patients regarding their demographic characters KEYWORDS: compliance, diabetes, cardiovascular
Compliance and Knowledge of Hypertensive Patients Attending Shorsh Hospital in Kirkuk Governorate
Haitham Issa Al Banna*, Layla Hassan Mohmed**
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Medical non-compliance has been identified as a major public health problem in the treatment of Hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to non-Compliance with the treatment of patients with Hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total number of (400) hypertensive patient was enrolled to assess compliance rate at Shorsh General Hospital from July 21/2006 to July 21/2007, using a structured questionnaire. RESULT: The study revealed a low compliance rate among hypertensive patients, Males were less compliant (65.6%) than females (46%). Smokers (61.7%) more than non-smokers (50.6%),non-regular follow-up (76.7%) more than regular, primary and secondary education (68.5%) more than illiterate and high education, more than one medication (66.9%)than single medication. Poverty was the main cause of noncompliance (38.1) while absence of drugs and medical staff are the least to cause non-compliance (2.7%). CONCLUSION: Compliance rate in general is low in our study. Compliance rate is more in female, no family history, single drug medication, non-smokers, no other chronic diseases, more than 10 years of hypertension. Patients knowledge about their disease is insufficient because there are no health educational programs. KEY WORDS: hypertension, compliance rate, knowledge.
THE IRAQI POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL RISK FACTOR OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
THE IRAQI POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL LEPTIN EFFECT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY
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Proportion and Determinants of Incomplete Vaccination among Children Aged Less than Two Years in Baghdad City
Loai S. Fadil ,Faris Al-Lami
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Immunization is the most important public health advance of the 20th century and the most cost-effective and a life-saving intervention. The public health initiative is to get 90% of the nation's children adequately immunized before their third birthday. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion and determinants of incomplete vaccination among a sample of children aged less than two years in Baghdad city. Design: A cross sectional study. Setting: A random sample of 11 Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad city. Data Collection time: Feb/1st-May/31st / 2008 SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A systematic random sample of 562 children aged less than two years, living in Baghdad city, and attended the selected Primary Health Care Centers for various health complaints apart from immunization. Vaccination status of children was verified for their age and according to the national Expanded Program of Immunization. RESULTS: The proportion of incomplete vaccination was18.8%; 0.5% were completely non-vaccinated. The proportion of incomplete vaccination increased with increasing age (P=0.000). Males showed higher proportion of incomplete vaccination (24.1%) than females (14.2%) (P =0.003). The major proportion of incomplete vaccination was among children of illiterate mothers (43%) (P =0.000). The main causes of incomplete vaccination were immigration problem (46.23%), security problem (29.25%), and parents related problem (15%), and other causes (9%). CONCLUSION: Around one of every five children aged less than two years in Baghdad was incompletely vaccinated; immigration and security obstacles were the main causes of incomplete vaccination. KEY WORDS: proportion, determinants, incomplete vaccination, Baghdad
VOL.9, NO.2,2010
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Early Neonatal Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia in Full Term Newborns and Types of Feeding
Numan Nafie Hameed* , Farah Kadem Nama **
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Neonatal jaundice remains the most common and, perhaps, the most controversial problem in full-term newborns during the immediate postnatal period. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between types of feeding and neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia in full term neonates in the first week of life. METHODS: In the period from the first of January 2008 to the first of August 2008, populations of 140 full term newborns admitted to the neonatal care unit in Children Welfare teaching Hospital in Medical CityBaghdad were studied. A serum bilirubin level >12.9 mg/dL was considered significant. RESULTS: Of the population studied, most newborns received supplementary feeding 73 (52.1%), followed by breast feeding 50(35.7%), while only 10(7.1%) and 7(5.0%) were on mixed and formula feeding, respectively. Ninety (64.3%) of the jaundiced neonates were males and 50(35.7%) were females with a male to female ratio of (1.8:1). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that, no significant association could be found between different types of feeding and indirect hyperbilirubinemia in full term newborns. Besides, giving water, dextrose water or formula with breastfeeding will adversely affect the volume of milk transferred to the baby and the volume of milk produced by the mother. KEYWORDS: fullterm, neonate, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, feeding, jaundice
VOL.9, NO.2,2010
THE IRAQI POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS IMPACT OF RESISTIN AND IL-6 ONJOURNAL
VOL.9, NO.2,2010
The Impact of Resistin and IL-6 On Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Its Duration in Children
Manal k. Resheed AL-Ani *, Hadef D. El-Yassin*,Ban A. Majaad**, Mahjob ALNedawy ***
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Type I diabetes mellitus is characterized autoimmune destruction of - cells . IL-6 is a cytokine (one of a class of immune system regulators ) it plays a role, in acute phase inflammatory response to cellular injury. Human Resistin gene is expressed in pancreatic islets , pre- adipocytes and bone marrow and is of relevance for inflammation processes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate serum concentration of resistin and pro inflammatory IL-6 in T1DMchildren and to study the impact of the duration of disease on these parameter. In order to shed some light on the mechanism of initiation and propagation of -cell damage in those patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty diabetes children ( 33 males and 27 females), aged (1.3-13) years (mean SD) (5.62.8) years , consecutively admitted to the AL-Mansour Teaching Hospital for children , were enrolled in this study. All had T1DM . Duration of disease varied from ( 0.13- 84) months . Age matching group of thirty healthy volunteer children , (18 females ,12 males) was included as a control without any family history of diabetes. Resistin and IL-6 were measured ( by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay , ELISA) . RESULTS : Fasting serum Resistin levels were lower in patients compared to controls although the correlation was not significant .However serum resistin levels were higher in females compared to males in both groups ( patients and controls) with a significant correlation between the groups of the same gender .Duration of the disease had no impact on either gender.On the other hand IL-6 showed a significantly higher serum level in patients than control. Un like Resistin , the duration of disease had a great impact on IL-6 serum levels as shown in text. CONCLUSION : Resistin levels in patients with (T I DM) non significantly lower than in control individuals , thats meaning T I DM), as disease did effect the levels of serum Resistin sub clinically by the treatment with insulin leading to hyper insulinemia .Resistin antagonizes insulin action, leading to decrease in patients more than controls . Resistin levels tended to have higher in females than male ,however this trend did not reach statistical significant in total population due to sex hormone . The highly significant positive correlation between the levels of IL-6 and duration is due to persistente production and elevation for long time of patients with T1DM indicating of ongoing - cell destruction .But Resistin was non dependent on the duration of the disease because human resistin gene is expressed in pancreatic islets cell. KEY WORDS : resistin , IL-6 in type 1diabetes mellitus.
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CELL CARCINOMA
VOL.9, NO.2,2010
Surgical Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Lip In Northern Iraq
Saadallah M. Alzacko
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Lip cancer develops in the vermilion border of the lip. The great majority of these malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The primary treatment of these lesions is surgical resection. The management of the resulting defect remains a significant reconstructive challenge. OBJECTIVE: To provide information about the experience of surgical treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip admitted to the plastic surgery unit, Mosul teaching hospital, between Mar. 1998 - Feb. 2008. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case-series study. Plastic surgery unit, Mosul teaching hospital, during the period from Mar. 1998 Feb. 2008. Sixty six patients were included; they were 51 men and 15 women. The age ranged between 15-90 years. RESULTS: Of 66 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip, there were 51 men (77.3%) and 15 women (22.7%) , ranging in age from 15 to 90 years (mean 60.7 years) with the peak incidence at 60-70 years. Ulcer was the main presenting complaint. Lower lip was the commonest site in 61 patients (92.4%). Cervical lymph node metastases were found in 13 patients (19.7%) at the time of first presentation. Reconstruction of lip after excision was done by primary suture in 31 patients, by Estlander flap in 9 patients and by McGregor flap in 10 patients. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis is essential and contributes to successful reconstructive surgery. Lip reconstruction in the form of primary repair, Estlander flap and McGregor flap were performed depending on the size and site of tumor. KEYOWRDS: squamous cell carcinoma, lip, estlander flap, mcgregor flap.
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Substance Abuse and Dependence : In the Records of the Iraqi Hospitals and Health Centers During the Year 2008
Nesif Al-Hemiary *,Mushtaq Talib*
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Substance abuse is expected to be a growing problem in Iraq after 2003. Hospitals and health centers records can provide valuable information about this problem. OBJECTIVE: To know the number of substance abuse cases presented to our health services during 2008, to explore the socio-demographic characteristics of patients and types of substance use, and to compare the results with those of 2001,2002, and 2007. METHODS: The records of substance abuse that are periodically sent from hospitals and health centers to the Ministry of Health were studied. Records of 2008 were studied in details and compared with the figures recorded in the years 2001, 2002, and 2007 to have an idea about the progress of the problem of substance abuse before and after 2003. RESULTS : There was 1462 cases recorded in 2008. Males were much more than females (96.4% vs. 3.6%), most cases were above the age of 18 years of age (95.8%). Most cases (87.5%) were presented to the outpatient clinics rather than to inpatient units. Prescription drug abuse was the most common type (74.6%). There was no increase in cases recorded before and after in 2003. CONCLUSION: This study may indicate that the size of substance abuse related health problems in Iraq is small or is underreported. The socio-demographic pattern is similar to what was found by other studies in Iraq. KEY WORDS: substance abuse, dependence, Iraq , 2008.
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VOL.9, NO.2,2010
Estimation of GM-CSF in Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients and Individuals Vaccinated With Recombinant HB Vaccine
Rukia Muhammad. Al-Barzinji*, Hiwa Abdul -Rahman Ahmed**
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. Successful clearance of the virus depends on a complex interaction between the virus and the host immune response. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to estimation granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in HBV infected patients and individuals vaccinated with recombinant HB vaccine. METHODS: Study groups were classified into patient group 31(15 acute (AH) and 16 chronic (CH)), 33 vaccinated group (20 responder (RD) and 13 Non-responder (NRD)) and 16 healthy control (HC) during May to November 2007. Blood samples were taken from patients and hospitals staffs to detection hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibody(IgM)(Anti-HBc Ab(IgM), anti hepatitis B surface antibody) (Anti-HBs Ab), GM-CSF level in serum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. RESULTS: A highly significant elevation (p<0.001) of GM-CSF level was reported in AH patients compared to the CH patients and HN controls, according to F-test, while in CH patients the elevation was not significant as compared to HN control (p>0.05) according to LSD- test. The level of GM-CSF also significantly higher (p<0.05) in RD at age 30 years than NRD and HN groups by F-test. Also a significant differences was recorded when compared between HN versus RD and RD versus NRD (P<0.027) and (P<0.023) respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study highly significant elevation of GM-CSF levels was observed in AH patients compared with CH patients and healthy control. GM-CSF level also significantly higher in RD at age 30 years than NRD and HN groups. KEYWORDS: granulocyte, macrophage , hepatitis B virus, vaccine.
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CASE REPORT
Progeria
Abdul-Karem Jasem albahadle
BACKGROUND: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a very rare genetic disorder with a frequency of 1 in 8 million live births. It is characterized by premature aging phenotype. The median age at death is 13.4 years. KEYWORDS: hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome, failure to thrive, alopecia .
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