Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 views

    Penicillin H.O.

    Uploaded by

    Erikka Silawan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Penicillin H.O.

    Uploaded by

    Erikka Silawan
    3 views2 pages

    Original Title

    PENICILLIN H.O.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views2 pages

    Penicillin H.O.

    Uploaded by

    Erikka Silawan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    amoxicillin-clauvanate (Amoxyclav, Augmentin)

    PENICILLIN
    PENICILLINASE-RESISTANT PENICILLIN /
     Natural antibacterial agent from MOLD Antistaphylococcal penicillin
    GENUS called PENICILLIUM NOTATUM Used to treat penicillinase-producing S. aureus
    (1928, Alexander Fleming) gram (+); not effective against gram (-)
     Moldy bread used on wounds to treat organisms
    infection (3500 yrs. Ago) Examples:
     Referred to as Beta-Lactam – [Oral] cloxacillin (Prostaphlin-A), dicloxacillin
    inactivated by Penicillinase (Dynapen)
     Both Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic [Parenteral] methicillin (Staphcillin), nafcillin
     Interferes with the bacterial cell wall (Vigopen)
    synthesis by inhibiting bacterial enzyme Less effective than Pen G against gram (+)
    organism
    PENICILLIN G – primarily bactericidal; DOC for
    treating many infections caused by penicillin- EXTENDED SPECTRUM PENICILLIN /
    sensitive organisms Antipseudomonal penicillin
    > first penicillin administered ORALLY and by Effective against Pesudomonas aeroginosa
    Injection (ORAL –only 1/3 of the dose is [gram (-)]
    absorbed; IM/IV—more effective in achieving a Not penicillinase-resistant; effective against
    therapeutic serum per level gram (–) organism- == Proteus, Klebsiella
    pneumoniae, Enterobacter
    PROCAINE PENICILLIN G (Wycillin)- extends the Less toxic than aminoglycosides
    drug’s action; has milky color; less painful Examples:
    during injection Piperacillin, ticarcillin disodium

    AQUEOUS PEN G – short duration of action; IM BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS


    route is very painful (IM or IV) Penicillinase sensitive penicillin + Beta-
    Lactamase inhibitors
    PENICILLIN V – preferred for ORAL; 2/3 Examples:
    absorbed in GIT, but is less POTENT; effective [O] amoxicillin (BSP) + clavulanic acid
    against mild-mod Infection, including ANTHRAX. ==Augmentin, Amoxyclav
    [P] ampicillin (BSP) + sulbactam == Unasyn
    BROAD SPECTRUM PENICILLINS / [P} piperacillin (ESP) + tazobactam == Tazocin
    AMINOPENICILLIN
    Used to treat both gram (+) and gram (-) PHARMACODYNAMICS
    bacteria (E. Coli, H. Influenzae, Shigella MODE of ACTION :
    dysenteriae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella) BACTERICIDAL – interfere with the ability of
    Costlier than penicillin; not PENICILLINASE susceptible bacteria to build their cell walls –
    RESISTANT weaken the walls
    Examples: ONSET : 0.5 HR
    ampicillin (Ampicin); amoxicillin (Amoxin) (most PEAK : 1-2 HR
    prescribed for adults & children) DURATION : 6-8 HR
    bacampicillin (Penglobe)
    PHARMACOKINETICS NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
    [A] rapidly in the GIT---- peak level in 1 hr; Monitor for superinfections
    sensitive to gastric acid levels in the stomach Evaluate renal [BUN & creatinine] & liver
    taken on empty stomach [AST,ALT] functions
    [ + 1 glass of water, 1 hr ac or 2-3 hrs pc] Diarrhea r/t superinfections {mgt: take yogurt,
    [E] unchanged in the URINE; enter in breastmilk more fluids}
    – can cause DIARRHEA & ADVERSE Reaction- Inform physician before taking other meds
    baby Cultures- prior to 1st dose
    Alcohol is OUT!/ ask about allergies
    CONTRAINDICATIONS: Take full course of meds
    Allergies to penicillin, cephalosporins, other Evaluate cultures, WBC, C&S
    allergens
     CAUTION :
    With RENAL disease
    Pregnant & lactating women – diarrhea &
    superinfections in infant

    ADVERSE EFFECTS:
     MAJOR = involve in GIT = N,V,D {mgt:
    SFF}
    glossitis, stomatitis, sore mouth, furry
    tongue [mgt: ice chips, sugarless candy}
    r/t loss of bacteria from normal flora =
    superinfection
     HYPERSENSITIVITY RXN = rash, fever,
    wheezing
     PAIN & INFLAMMATION at injection site
    /Phlebitis {mgt: administer slowly,
    remove IV line, warm compress, gentle
    massage}

    DRUG-LAB-FOOD INTERACTIONS:
    DRUG : Increase effect with ASPIRIN,
    PROBENECID; Decrease effect with tetracyclines,
    erythromycin – antagonistic {should be avoided
    or increase dosage of Penicillin, but increase AE};
    if taken with contraceptive pills – OCP less
    effective
    LAB : elevate AST, ALT
    FOOD : decreased effect with acidic foods or
    juices

    You might also like