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    E321 Quiz 1 Solution

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    Maya Hank Pale

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    E321 Quiz 1 Solution

    Uploaded by

    Maya Hank Pale
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    E321_QUIZ_1_SOLUTION

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    9 views3 pages

    E321 Quiz 1 Solution

    Uploaded by

    Maya Hank Pale

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Name & Id Number: …………………………………………………………………………………… Program: ……………………………

    EE321_Communications Systems I
    Quiz 1 July 31, 2024
    SOLUTION
    Total Mark: 20
    ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
    Time allowed: 45 Minutes only.

    ANSWER ON PROVIDED PAPERS.

    1. An analog signal 𝑥(𝑡) = 6cos(4000𝜋𝑡) + 2cos(10000𝜋𝑡) for ≥ 0 is ideally sampled


    with a sampling frequency, 𝑓𝑠 = 8000 𝐻𝑧.

    a) Sketch the spectrum of the original signal.


    Answer:
    - Using Euler’s identity;
    𝑥(𝑡) = 6cos(4000𝜋𝑡) + 2cos(10000𝜋𝑡)
    𝑒 𝑗2𝜋×2000𝑡 +𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋×2000𝑡 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋×5000𝑡 +𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋×5000𝑡
    ⇔ 6( ) + 2( )
    2 2

    ⇔ 3𝑒 𝑗2𝜋×2000𝑡 + 3𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋×2000𝑡 + 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋×5000𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋×5000𝑡

    - Hence, the Fourier series coefficients are: 𝑐1 = 3, 𝑐−1 = 3 and 𝑐2 = 1, 𝑐−2 = 1

    - The spectrum of the original signal is:


    𝑋(𝑓)

    𝟏
    𝑓, 𝐻𝑧 (4 marks)
    −5000 −2000 𝟎 2000 5000

    EE321_Communications Systems I 1|Page


    Name & Id Number: …………………………………………………………………………………… Program: ……………………………

    b) Sketch the spectrum for the sampled signal up to 20 𝑘𝐻𝑧.


    Answer:
    - The sampled signal spectrum and its replicas centered at the frequencies ±𝑛𝑓𝑠 , each with the
    𝑐
    scaled amplitude, 𝐴𝑖 = 𝑇𝑖 ⇒ 𝐴±1 = 3 × 800 = 2400 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴±2 = 1 × 800 = 800.
    𝑠
    - Spectrum of the sampled signal.

    𝑋(𝑓)

    𝟑
    𝑻𝒔

    𝟏
    𝑻𝒔 𝑓, 𝑘𝐻𝑧
    −13 −10 𝒇𝒔 −6 −5 −3 −2 𝟎 2 3 5 6 𝒇𝒔 𝒇𝒔
    10 11 13 14 18 21
    −𝟖 𝟖 𝟏𝟔
    (4 marks)
    c) Sketch the recovered analog signal spectrum if an ideal lowpass filter with a cutoff
    frequency of 4 𝑘𝐻𝑧 is used to filter the sampled signal (𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛]) to recover the
    original signal.
    Answer:
    - Spectrum of the low-pass filtered (LPF) signal.

    𝑋(𝑓)

    𝟑
    𝑻𝒔
    𝑳𝑷𝑭

    𝟏
    𝑻𝒔 𝑓, 𝑘𝐻𝑧
    −13 −10 𝒇𝒔 −6 −5 −3 −2 𝟎 2 3 5 6 𝒇𝒔 𝒇𝒔
    10 11 13 14 18 21
    −𝟖 𝟖 𝟏𝟔

    −4
    4

    𝑋(𝑓)

    𝟑
    𝑻𝒔
    𝑳𝑷𝑭

    𝟏
    𝑻𝒔 𝑓, 𝑘𝐻𝑧
    −5 −3 −2 𝟎 2 3 5
    (2 mark)
    −4
    4
    EE321_Communications Systems I 2|Page
    Name & Id Number: …………………………………………………………………………………… Program: ……………………………

    d) Is the output of the reconstruction filter an exact or scaled version of the signal 𝑥(𝑡)?
    Give reasons based on Shannon sampling theory condition.
    Answer:
    - In this case, the sampling frequency, 𝑓𝑠 = 8 k𝐻𝑧 while 𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 8 k𝐻𝑧.
    - Hence, Shannon sampling theory condition is not satisfied: 𝑓𝑠 ≤ 2𝑓max or 8 ≤ 2 × 5 = 10
    - Therefore, an aliasing noise has appeared in the reconstructed signal spectrum at the frequency
    of ±100𝐻𝑧.
    (2 marks)

    2. A signal is being digitized at 25 𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑠.


    a) What is the maximum bandwidth of the signal that avoids aliasing?
    Answer:
    𝑁𝑦𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 2 × 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
    𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒⁄2 = 25 𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑠⁄2 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝑯𝒛 (2 marks)

    b) If the samples are digited to 8 bits, how many 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠⁄𝑠 must the system handle?
    Answer:
    - The system handle 25 𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑠 × 8 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒃𝒑𝒔 (2 marks)

    3. Calculate the quantization noise power of a uniform scalar quantizer for a sine signal with
    amplitude 1.5 𝑉 and 3 levels of quantization.
    Answer:
    - The amplitude of the sine signal is in the range of (−1.5 𝑡𝑜 1.5)𝑉.
    - The quantization levels, 𝐿 = 3.
    1.5−(−1.5)
    ➢ The step size, ∆𝑞 = 𝑉 = 1𝑉 (2 mark)
    3
    ∆2𝑞 𝟏
    - The Quantization noise power, 𝑁𝑞 = 12 = 𝟏𝟐 (2 marks)

    -END-

    EE321_Communications Systems I 3|Page

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