Biotechnology 19012022

National Education Policy -2020
Common Minimum Syllabus for All U P State Universities and Colleges

For First Three Years of Higher Education
Subject-Biotechnology
( For Three Subject Pattern)
Name Designation Affiliation
Steering Committee
Mrs. Monika S. Garg (IAS), Additional Chief Deptt. of Higher Education,
Chairperson, Steering Committee Secretary U.P., Lucknow
Prof Poonam Tandan Professor, Lucknow University,
Deptt. of Physics Lucknow, U.P.
Prof Hare Krishna Professor CCS University, Meerut, U.P.
Deptt. of Statistics
Dr Dinesh C. Sharma Associate Professor K. M. Govt. Girls PG
College, Badalpur, G. B.
Nagar, U.P.
Supervisory Committee- Science Faculty
Dr Vijay Kumar Singh Associate Professor, Agra College, Agra
Deptt. of Zoology
Dr Santosh Singh Dean, Mahatama Gandhi Kashi
Deptt. of Agriculture Vidyapeeth, Varanasi, U.P.
Dr Baby Tabussam Associate Professor, Govt. Raza PG College
Deptt. of Zoology Rampur, U. P.
Dr Sanjay Jain Associate Professor, St. John’s College, Agra
Deptt. of Statistics
Syllabus Developed by-
S Name Designation Department Institution
No.
1 Dr Vandana Rai Professor Biotechnology V B S Purvanchal University,
Jaunpur;
e-mail:
[email protected]
2 Dr Pradeep Kumar Associate Biotechnology V B S Purvanchal University,
Professor Jaunpur;
e-mail: [email protected]
3 Dr Saras Assistant Zoology DAV (PG) College, Kanpur
Professor
1
SEMESTER WISE PAPER TITLES WITH DETAILS
Year Semester Course Paper Title Theory/ Credits
Code Practical
CERTIFICATE COURSE IN TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF CELL AND
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
First I B100101T Cell Biology and Genetics Theory 4
Year B100102P Cell Biology and Genetics Practical 2
Lab
II B10 0201T Molecular Biology and Theory 4
Genetic Engineering
B100202P Genetic Engineering Lab Practical 2
DIPLOMA IN TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Second III B100301T Biochemistry and Theory 4
Year Biochemical tools
B10 0302 P Biochemistry Lab Practical 2
IV B10 0401T Microbiology and Theory 4
Immunology
B10 0402 P Microbiology and Practical 2
Immunology Lab
DEGREE IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Third V B10 0501 T Biostatistics and Theory 4
Year Bioinformatics
B100502T Animal and Plant Theory 4
Biotechnology
B10 0503P Bioinformatics, Biostatistics Practical 2

and Tissue culture Lab
VI B100601T Industrial and Environmental Theory 4
Biotechnology
B100602T Food Biotechnology Theory 4
B100603P Industrial and Environmental Practical 2
Biotechnology Lab
2
Subject Prerequisite
The candidate should have passed (10+2) examination in science stream with PCB (Physics,
Chemistry, Biology and/or Biotechnology) or PCM (Physics, Chemistry and Maths) or any
other science subject.
Programme Outcomes (POs)
After completion of the B. Sc. Biotechnology programme, the candidate should be able to:
PO1 Demonstrate knowledge for in-depth analytical and critical thinking to

identify, formulate and solve the issues related to Biotechnology research,
Biotechnology Industry, Pharma industry, Medical or hospital related
organizations, and Academia.
PO2 Demonstrate skills to use modern analytical tools/ software/ equipment and
analyse and solve problems in various courses of biotechnology.
PO3 Execute their professional roles in society as biotechnology professionals,
employers and employees in various industries, researchers and educators.
PO4 Design, perform experiments, analyse and interpret data for investigating
complex problems in biotechnology and related fields.
PO5 Demonstrate learning skills to work as a team in a multidisciplinary
environment.
PO6 Design and develop sustainable solutions to major biological problems by
applying appropriate biotechnology tools.
PO7 Develop skills, attitude and values required for self-directed, lifelong learning
and professional development.
PO8 Acquire knowledge and understanding of norms and ethics in the field of
biotechnology.
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOS)

CERTIFICATE IN TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF CELL AND MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY
First This course introduces the knowledge of cell biology, genetics, molecular
Year biology and genetic engineering. After completion of this certificate course,
students will be able to –
PSO1: demonstrate and apply their knowledge of cell biology, genetics,
molecular biology and genetic engineering to solve the problems related to the
field of biotechnology
PSO2: gain knowledge about the application of various types of microscope,
karyotyping, banding techniques, chromosome painting and FACS.
PSO3: understand the basic concepts of genetics and molecular biology such as
inheritance pattern, DNA replication, transcription and translation
PSO4: understand and perform various recent molecular and recombinant DNA
technology techniques in early diagnosis and prognosis of human diseases.
PSO5: perform experiments of DNA isolation, agarose gel electrophoresis,
gene cloning, transformations, protein expression and purification. This
3
experience would enable them to begin a career in industry that engages in
genetic engineering as well as in research laboratories conducting fundamental
research.
PSO6: apply at technical positions in different research laboratories, diagnostic
centres and industries.
DIPLOMA IN TOOL AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Second After completion of diploma course, students will be able to-
Year PSO1: familiarize with basic laboratory instruments and understand the
principle of measurements using those instruments with experiments in
biochemistry.
PSO2: understand the significance of Biochemistry and basics of enzymes.
PSO3: learn the chemistry, structure and functions of major bio-molecules and
metabolism of carbohydrate, protein etc.
PSO4: understand different biochemical tools and techniques such as
chromatography, electrophoresis, X-ray diffraction, NMR and mass
spectrometry
PSO5: perform different experiments based on the techniques such as
chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation etc.
PSO6: understand the different methods of sterilization
PSO7: understand and also able to perform different immunological techniques
like agglutination reaction, ABO typing and ELISA.
DEGREE IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Third After completing the three years degree course in Biotechnology, the students
Year will be able to –
PSO1: demonstrate the concepts in computational Biology. Understand the
interrelationship between Biology and Computer
PSO2: acquire knowledge in different domains of biotechnology enabling their
application in industry, research and academia.
PSO3: perform and analyse the results of experiments using basic laboratory
techniques of cell biology, molecular biology, genetic engineering, biochemistry,
immunology, microbiology, bioinformatics, biostatistics, animal and plant
biotechnology and Food biotechnology.
PSO4: recognize the foundations of modern biotechnology and explain the
principles that form the basis for recombinant technology.
PSO5: develop an ability to properly understand the technical aspects of existing
technologies that help in addressing the biological and medical challenges faced by
humankind.
PSO6: exhibit ability to do research independently as well as in collaboration.
PSO7: recognize the importance of Bioethics, IPR, and entrepreneurship.
4
Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First (1) Semester: First (I)
Subject: Biotechnology
Couse Code: B100101T Course Title: Cell Biology and Genetics
Course Outcomes (COs)
This course introduces the principles of cell biology and genetics. After completion of this
course, students will be able to-
 learn different areas of cell biology including the structure and functions of cell, its
organelles such as mitochondria, nucleus etc.
 understand how genetic information is transmitted in organism.
 understand the role of cytoskeleton and its remodelling including the diseases associate
with improper remodelling.
 earn how the synthesized proteins are transported to different organelles.
 understand the regulation of cell cycle, programmed cell death and Cancer.
 learn different cell biology techniques like karyotyping, chromosome banding, FISH,
FACS, centrifugation and microscopy.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory

Maximum Marks: 100 Minimum Passing Marks: As per University norms
(75(UE)+25(CIE))
Total Number of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week)L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics N0. of Lectures
I  Introduction and history of Biotechnological science 2
with special reference to contribution of Indian
scholars in biological sciences
II  Prototype structure of animal, plant and bacterial cells, 8
Diversity of cell size and shape
 Cell theory
 C-value paradox
 Cell Membrane: Chemical components of biological
membranes, organization and Fluid Mosaic Model,
and membrane transport.
 Cytoskeleton and Extra cellular matrix
III Structure and Function of Cell organelles: 9
 Lysosomes: Vacuoles and micro bodies: Structure and
functions
 Ribosomes: Structures and function including role in
protein synthesis.
 Mitochondria: Structure and function, Genomes,
biogenesis.
 Chloroplasts: Structure and function, genomes,
biogenesis
 Nucleus: Structure and function, nuclear envelope
IV Chromosome structure: 9
 Chromosomes: chromatin and chromosomes
organization, euchromatin and heterochromatin,
nucleosome, metaphase chromosome, genes and
5
chromosomes.
 DNA as genetic material, Structure of DNA
 Structural and numerical changes in human
chromosomes and ploidy in plants.
 Mutations: Types of mutations, spontaneous and
induced mutations, Physical and chemical mutagens
V Cell cycle, Cancer and Cell Signaling: 7
 Cell Cycle: Mitosis and Meiosis: Control points in
cell-cycle progression in yeast and higher organisms
 Cell senescence and programmed cell death
 Cancer – chromosomal disorders, oncogenes and
tumor suppressor genes
 Introduction to cell signalling and cell –cell interaction
VI Mendelian and nonmendelian genetics: 8
 Historical developments in the field of genetics.
Organisms suitable for genetic experimentation and
their genetic significance
 Mendelian genetics : Mendel’s experimental design,
monohybrid, di-hybrid and tri hybrid crosses, Law of
segregation & Principle of independent assortment
 Allelic interactions: Concept of dominance,
recessiveness, incomplete dominance, co-dominance,
semi-dominance, pleiotropy
 Sex determination and sex linkage: Mechanisms of sex
determination, Environmental factors and sex
determination, sex differentiation, Barr bodies, dosage
compensation, genetic balance theory
VII Linkage, crossing over and population genetics: 8
 Linkage, crossing–over and chromosome and genetic
mapping
 Extra chromosomal inheritance: Rules of extra nuclear
inheritance, maternal effects, maternal inheritance,
cytoplasmic inheritance, organelle heredity, genomic
imprinting.
 Genetic Code: deciphering genetic code; degeneracy,
unusual codons in mitochondria Mutations: types,
mechanisms
 Evolution and population genetics: Hardy Weinberg
law (prediction, derivation), allelic and genotype
frequencies, changes in allelic frequencies,
evolutionary genetics, natural selection.
VIII Cytological techniques: 9

 Microscopy and staining techniques
 Microtomy
 Karyotyping
 Chromosome banding,
6
 in situ hybridization and FISH
 chromosome painting
 Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting
Suggested Reading
1. Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2014).
Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th Ed.). New York: Garland Science
2. Cooper, G. M., and Hausman, R. E. (2013). The Cell: a Molecular Approach (6th
Ed.). Washington: ASM ; Sunderland.
3. Karp, G. Cell and Molecular Biology. Concepts and experiments. John Harris, D.,
Wiley & sons, New York
4. Iwasa J., Marshal W. Karp’s Cell Biology(2018) (8th edition) Wiley & Sons, NY
5. Iwasa J., Marshal W. Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology . Concepts and
experiments. (2015) (8th edition) Wiley & sons, New York
6. Watson, J. D. Baker TA, Bell, SP Gann, A. Levine, M. Losick R. (2008). Molecular
Biology of the Gene (5th ed.). Pearson
7. Lodish, H F. Berk, A. Kaiser, CA, Krieger, M. Bretscher, A. Ploegh, H. Aman, A.
Martin, K. (2016). Molecular Cell Biology (8th Ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman
8. Gupta P.K. Cell and Molecular Biology 2018. 5th edition Rastogi Publication India.
9. Hartl, D. L., & Jones, E. W. (1998). Genetics: Principles and Analysis. Sudbury,
MA: Jones and Bartlett.
10. Pierce, B. A. (2005). Genetics: a Conceptual Approach. New York: W.H. Freeman.
11. Tamarin, R. H., & Leavitt, R. W. (1991). Principles of Genetics. Dubuque, IA: Wm.
C. Brown.
12. Smith, J. M. (1998). Evolutionary Genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Genetics: Principles and Analysis – Hartl and Jones.
13. Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Sunstad DP. Principles of Genetics. 8th Edition. John
Wiley and Sons.
14. Snustand DP, Simmons MJ. Principles of Genetics. (2016) 7th Edition. John Wiley
and Sons.
15. Verma PS, Agarwal VK. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and
Ecology. (2004). S Chand and Company Ltd.
16. Satyanarayana U (2020). Biotechnology. Books and Allied (P) Ltd
17. Singh BD. (2015). Biotechnology: Expanding Horizons (4th edition). Kalyani
Publishers
18. Dubey RC. (2014) A Textbook of Biotechnology(5th edition) S Chand and Company
Ltd.
19. स हिं बी डी (2017) बायोटे क्नोलोजी Kalyani Publishers
20. पी के गप्ु ता,कोशिका विज्ञान एिम अनि ु ाांशिकी, 2015 2 edition Rastogi Publications
nd
21. स हिं बी डी, आनि ु शां िकी के आधार. (2017) Kalyani Publishers
22. ोनी के ी, स्वरिं कार गायत्री. आधुननक कोशिका विज्ञान, 2018 CBC
Other ccourse books published in Hindi must be prescribed by the University/College
Suggested link
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-
topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=cellbiology
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics
7
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102/103/102103012/
Suggested Digital platform/Web link
Course prerequisite
The candidate should have passed (10+2) examination in science stream with PCB (Physics
,Chemistry, Biology and/or Biotechnology) or PCM (Physics , Chemistry and Maths) or any
Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) methods
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test
10 marks for presentation along with assignment
05 marks for Class interactions
Further Suggestions: None
Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First (1) Semester: First (I)

Couse Code: B100102P Course Title: Cell Biology and Genetics Lab
After completion of this course, students will be able to-
 learn, understand and develop skill and hands on training in basics of cell biology and
genetics.
 be able to differentiate between plant and animal cells
 be analysed different stages of mitosis and meiosis
(75(UE)+25(CIE))
Topics No. of Lectures
1. Introduction to safety measures in Laboratories 60
2. Preparation of solutions and buffers
3. Equipment handling and pipetting
4. Study of structure of any Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic cell.
5. Microtomy: Fixation, block making, section
cutting, double staining of animal tissues like
liver, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestine,
kidney etc.
6. Cell division in onion root tip/ insect
(grasshopper) gonads.
7. Vital Staining of Mitochondria with Janus green
B.
8. Demonstration of diversity of cell types (Muscle,
Neuron)
9. Demonstration of Sex chromatin in buccal smear.
8
10. Karyotype preparation.
11. Preparation of polytene chromosomes from
salivary gland of Chironomous larvae.
12. Genetics problems based on : (i) Mendel’s law
(ii) Gene mapping and (iii) Transposable
elements.
13. Ames test for mutagenesis.
14. Genetic experiment – Drosophila model
Suggested Reading
9. Hartl, D. L., & Jones, E. W. (1998). Genetics: Principles and Analysis. Sudbury,
MA: Jones and Bartlett.
10. Roskam’s J. Rodgers L.(2002). Lab Ref: A Handbook of Recipes, Reagents, and
other reference tools for use at the Bench. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
USA.
11. Barker K (2004). At the Bench: A laboratory Navigator. Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press. USA
Course books published in Hindi must be prescribed by the University/College
Course prerequisite
The candidate should have passed (10+2) examination in science stream with PCB (Physics
,Chemistry, Biology and/or Biotechnology) or PCM (Physics , Chemistry and Maths) or any
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test
9
Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First (1) Semester: Second (II)
Couse Code: B100201T Course Title: Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering
Student will be able to-
 learn and understand the important discoveries that are made in the field of molecular
biology.
 learn key molecular events that occur during the DNA replication, transcription,
translation and regulation of gene concept.
 gain knowledge on the foundation of genetic engineering and their applications in
biological research as well as in biotechnology industries.
 understand gene concept, plasmids, and wide range of techniques, especially modern
molecular tools in diagnosis.
 acquainted with various techniques of genetic engineering and their applications in
biological research, diagnostics as well as in biotechnology industries.
Credits: Core Compulsory
(75(UE)+25(CIE))
Unit Topic No. of Lectures
I Gene organization and regulation of gene expression: 7
 Structure of DNA, Types of DNA
 Gene organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes,
polycistronic genes, split genes promoters, enhancers.
 Regulation of gene expression: Prokaryotes: lac and
trp operons in E. coli.
II DNA Replication and DNA polymerases: 7
 Replication of genetic material in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
 A brief description of initiation at replication origins
and its cell cycle regulation.
 Structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
DNA polymerases
III Transcription and mRNA processing: 8
 RNA structure and types of RNA
 Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes: transcription factors, structure of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases,
initiation, elongation and termination.
 RNA processing: processing of mRNA (Splicing,
capping and polyadenylation)
IV Prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation: 7
 Ribosome structure and assembly, tRNA,
aminoacyltRNA synthetases,
 Mechanism of initiation, elongation and termination of
polypeptides, Fidelity of translation, Inhibitors of
10
translation.
 Posttranslational modifications of proteins.
V Vectors: 7
 Cloning vectors (plasmids, cosmids, bacterial artificial
chromosomes and yeast artificial chromosomes),
 shuttle vectors,
 expression vectors
VI Enzymes used in DNA manipulating: 8
 Restriction endonuclease
 Ligases
 Polymerases
 Kinases
 Alkaline phosphatases
 Reverse Transcriptase
VII Genomic Library, PCR, Sequencing etc: 8
 Preparation and comparison of Genomic and cDNA
library.
 PCR and its applications.
 DNA Sequencing.
 Site directed mutagenesis
 Protein engineering concepts and examples (any two).
VIII Molecular Biology techniques: 8
 DNA isolation (Plasmid/ Genomic DNA isolation)
 Blotting (Southern, Northern, Western)
 Electrophoresis of nucleic acids and proteins
 Gene cloning, Screening and characterization of
cloned DNA
 DNA Fingerprinting
 RFLP, RAPD
Suggested Reading
9. Brown TA. Gene cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction. (2016) 7th Edition.
Wiley-Blackwell
10. Old, R. W., Primrose, S. B., & Twyman, R. M. (2006). Principles of Gene
Manipulation and Genomics, 7th Edition: Blackwell Publishing.
11. Krebs JE, Goldstein ES and Kilpatrick ST (2014) Lewin’s Gene XII, Jones and Barlett
11
Publisher
12. Brown, T. A. (2018). Genomes 4.(4th edition) New York: Garland Science Pub.
13. Green, M. R., & Sambrook, J. (2014) Fourth Edition. Molecular Cloning: a
Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
14. Micklos, DA & Freyer, CA. DNA Science: A first course in Recombinant DNA
Technology(2nd Edition) –Cold Spring harbor laboratory press, NY
Publishers
17. Dubey RC. (2014) A Textbook of Biotechnology(5th edition) S Chand and Company
Ltd.
18. स िंह बी डी(2017) बायोटेक्नोलोजी Kalyani Publishers
Suggested link
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-01sc-fundamentals-of-biology-fall-2011/molecular-
biology/
biology/transcription-translation/
biology/gene-regulation-and-the-lac-operon/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-01sc-fundamentals-of-biology-fall-2011/recombinant-
dna/
dna/agarose-gel-electrophoresis-dna-sequencing-pcr/
dna/basic-mechanics-of-cloning/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biological-engineering/20-109-laboratory-fundamentals-in-
biological-engineering-fall-2007/labs/mod1_3/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102/103/102103045/#
Course prerequisite
To study this course, student must have passed semester I.
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test
12
Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First (1) Semester:
Second (II)
Couse Code: B100202P Course Title: Genetic Engineering Lab
After completion of the course, the student shall be able to -
 prepare different bacterial growth media,
 understand principals and methods of competent cell preparation, restriction
digestion, gene ligation, gene cloning, and transformation i. e gene manipulation.
 understand the method of agarose electrophoresis for plasmid and genomic DNA
separation
 understand the method of blotting and PCR

Maximum Marks: 100 Minimum Passing Marks: As per University
(75(UE)+25(CIE)) norms
Topic No. of Lectures
1. Preparation of solutions for Molecular Biology 60
experiments.
2. Preparation of bacterial growth medium (L.B.,
2XYT)
3. Competent cell preparation.
4. Transformation of E.coli. cells (color selection
of transformants – with or without inserts) X –
gal and IPTG.
5. Isolation of Plasmid DNA by alkaline lysis
method
6. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacterial cells.
7. Agarose gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA &
plasmid DNA
8. Concentration estimation by agarose gel
electrophoresis
9. Preparation of restriction enzyme digests of DNA
samples
10. Ligation
11. Southern blotting
12. PCR
Suggested Reading
1. Brown TA. Gene cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction. (2016) 7th Edition.
Wiley-Blackwell
2. Old, R. W., Primrose, S. B., & Twyman, R. M. (2006). Principles of Gene
Manipulation and Genomics, 7th Edition: Blackwell Publishing.
3. Krebs JE, Goldstein ES and Kilpatrick ST (2014) Lewin’s Gene XII, Jones and
Barlett Publisher
4. Brown, T. A. (2018). Genomes 4.(4th edition) New York: Garland Science Pub.
5. Green, M. R., & Sambrook, J. (2014) Fourth Edition. Molecular Cloning: a
Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press.
6. Micklos, DA & Freyer, CA. DNA Science: A first course in Recombinant DNA
13
Technology (2nd Edition) –Cold Spring Harbor laboratory press, NY
USA.
8. Barker K(2004). At the Bench: A laboratory Navigator. Cold Spring Harbor
Course prerequisite
To study this course, student must have passed semester I.
Total Marks: 25
10 marks for Test
14
Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second (2) Semester: Third (III)
Couse Code: B100301T Course Title: Biochemistry and Biochemical tools
Course Outcomes
After successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
 understand the significance of Biochemistry.
 learn the chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and amino acids.
 understand the basics of enzymes.
 understand the metabolism of carbohydrate and proteins
 know the chemical structure of nucleotides including their components , describe primary,
secondary structure of DNA and RNA.
(75(UE)+25(CIE))
Unit Topic No. of
Lectures
I Amino acids and Protein: 7
 Structure and properties of Amino acids
 Types of proteins and their classification
 Forces stabilizing protein structure.
 Different Level of structural organization of proteins.
 Denaturation and renaturation of proteins.
II Carbohydrates: 7
 Structure, Function and properties of Monosaccharides,
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.
 Homo and Hetero Polysaccharides, Mucopolysaccharides,
 Bacterial cell wall polysaccharides, Glycoprotein’s and their
biological functions.
III Nucleic acids: 7
 Structure and functions:
 Physical & chemical properties of Nucleic acids, nucleosides
& nucleotides, purines & pyrimidines,. Biologically
important nucleotides,
 Double helical model of DNA structure and forces
stabilizing DNA double helical structure, A, B and Z – DNA,
denaturation and renaturation of DNA.
IV Lipids: 6
 Structure and functions of Lipids
 Classification, nomenclature and properties of fatty acids,
essential fatty acids.
 Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, cerebrosides,
gangliosides, Prostaglandins, Cholesterol.
V Enzymes and Enzyme classification: 8
 Nomenclature and classification of Enzymes, brief
introduction to active site.
 Kinetics of enzyme actions
 Cofactors, coenzyme, prosthetic groups, holoenzyme and
15
apoenzyme
 Enzyme inhibition – competitive, Non-competitive &
uncompetitive type.
VI Metabolism: 9
 Metabolism of carbohydrates- Gluconeogenesis, Glycolysis,
TCA, and Glyoxylate cycle
 Metabolism of fatty acids-oxidation of saturated,
unsaturated fatty acids
 Oxidation of amino acids and urea cycle.
VII Vitamins and Hormone: 8
 Introduction to Vitamins, hormones, Phytohormones and
their role
 Deficiency of vitamins and hormones and related human
diseases.
VIII Techniques: 8
 Chromatography (Column chromatography, Ion- exchange
chromatography, Gel- permeation (molecular sieve,
chromatography, Affinity chromatography, Paper
chromatography, Thin-layer chromatography, Gas
chromatography and HPLC)
 Spectroscopy (UV-Vis)
 NMR
 X-ray diffraction
 Centrifugation
 Mass spectrometry
Suggested Reading
1. Berg, JM Tymoczko, JL. Gatto, GJ., Stryer, L. (2015). Biochemistry. (8th ed.) W H
Freeman and Company New York.
2. Nelson DL. Cox MM. (2017) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (7th ed.). W H
Freeman New York.
3. Voet, D., & Voet, J. G. (2016). Biochemistry (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons.
4. Rodwell VW. Bender D. Botham KM. Kennelly PJ Weil PA.(2018). Harper’s Illustrated
Biochemistry.(31st edition) McGraw-Hill Education
5. Hofmann A. Clokie S. Wilson and Walker’s Principles and Techniques of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. (2018) (8th edition)Cambridge University Press
6. Boyer RF. (2012) Biochemistry laboratory : modern theory and techniques(2nd
Edition). Pearson Education, Inc
7. Jain JL. Jain S. Jain N. (2005). Fundamentals of Biochemistry. (6th edition). S Chand and
Company Ltd.
8. Satyanarayana U. Chakrapani U. (2013). Biochemistry.(4th edition). Elsevier and Books
and Allied (P) Ltd
Suggested link
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/findbytopic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=biochemis
16
try
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=spectroscopy
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemistry/5-07sc-biological-chemistry-i-fall-2013/module-i/session-
4/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-016-introductory-biology-fall-2018/lecture-
videos/lecture-4-enzymes-and-metabolism/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemistry/5-07sc-biological-chemistry-i-fall-2013/module-i/session-
3/
Course prerequisite
To study this course, student must have passed semester II.
Total Marks: 25
10 marks for Test
Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second (2) Semester: Third(III)

Couse Code: B100302P Course Title: Biochemistry Lab
Course Outcomes
Students will get practical exposure to commonly used biochemical techniques and also they
become familiar to use instruments like calorimeter, pHmeter etc.
Introduce the primary steps in biomolecules (focus on proteins) purification which
includes various methods in isolation and quantitation of proteins.
2. Learn how to separate proteins from a heterogenous mixture.
3. Learn to apply important chromatographic techniques to purify biomolecules
4. Familiarize the working principles of electrophoresis and UV/Vis and fluorescence
spectroscopic techniques and application of the knowledge to get basic structural
information of proteins
(75(UE)+25(CIE))
1. Preparation of normal and molar solutions 60
2. Preparation of buffers.
3. To study activity of any enzyme under optimum
conditions.
4. To study the effect of pH, temperature on the activity
of salivary amylase enzyme.
17
5. Estimation of blood glucose by glucose oxidase
method.
6. Spectrophotometer/colorimeter(Beer-Lambert’s law)
Estimation of Protein by UV-vis Spectrometer
i. (i)Lowry et al. method for estimation
of protein (ii)Biuret method for
estimation of protein
7. Spectroscopic estimation of DNA (UV)
8. Electrophoresis (a)Electrophoresis of red blood cell
proteins (b) Electrophoresis of DNA
9. Separation of Amino acids by paper chromatography.
10. Qualitative tests for Carbohydrates, lipids and
proteins
11. Estimation of DNA by Diphenylamine and RNA by
Orcinol methods.
12. Estimation of reducing and total sugar by DNS and
H2SO4-phenol methods.
13. Effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity.
14. Determination of pKa value of a weak acid by
titrating with strong base.
Suggested Reading
1. Berg, JM Tymoczko, JL. Gatto, GJ Jr. Stryer, L. (2015). Biochemistry. (8th ed.) W H
Freeman and Company New York.
2. Nelson DL. Cox MM. (2017) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (7th ed.). W H
Freeman New York.
3. Voet, D., & Voet, J. G. (2016). Biochemistry (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley &
Sons.
4. Rodwell VW. Bender D. Botham KM. Kennelly PJ Weil PA.(2018). Harper’s
Illustrated Biochemistry.(31st edition) McGraw-Hill Education
5. Hofmann A. Clokie S. Wilson and Walker’s Principles and Techniques of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. (2018) (8th edition)Cambridge University Press
6. Boyer RF. (2012) Biochemistry laboratory : modern theory and techniques(2nd
Edition). Pearson Education, Inc
7. Jain JL. Jain S. Jain N. (2005). Fundamentals of Biochemistry. (6th edition). S Chand
and Company Ltd.
8. Satyanarayana U. Chakrapani U. (2013). Biochemistry.(4th edition). Elsevier and
Books and Allied (P) Ltd
9. R.K. Practical Biochemistry – David Plummer. Pub: Tata McGraw Hill
USA.
11. Barker K(2004). At the Bench: A laboratory Navigator. Cold Spring Harbor
Course prerequisite
To study this course, student must have passed semester II.
Total marks: 25
18
10 marks for Test
Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second (2) Semester: Fourth (IV)

Couse Code: B100401T Course Title: Microbiology and Immunology
Course Outcomes
On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
 the pioneers in microbiology and their contributions
 understand the physical and chemical method of sterilization
 analyze the media composition and grow the desired microbe.
 understand the methods of cultivation of microorganisms
 understand different staining methods
 understand and differentiate the different types of microbes.
 understand the principles of immunology
 learn about structural features of components of immune system as well as their
function and development of immune system and mechanisms by which our body
elicits immune response.
 predict about nature of immune response that develops against bacterial, viral or
parasitic infection, and prove it by designing new experiments.
 understand different tools and techniques of immunology
 understand the biology of different vaccines against infectious agents

(75(UE)+25(CIE))
I Diversity and classification of microbes: 7
 Fundamentals, History and Evolution of Microbiology.
 Classification of microorganisms: Microbial
taxonomy, criteria used including molecular
approaches, Microbial phylogeny and current
classification of bacteria.
 Microbial Diversity: Distribution and characterization
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells,
 Morphology and cell structure of major groups of
microorganisms - Viruses, Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, and
Protozoa.
II Microbial growth: 8
 Growth curve, Generation time, synchronous batch
and continuous culture, measurement of growth and
factors affecting growth of bacteria.
 Microbial Metabolism: Metabolic pathways, amphi-
catabolic and biosynthetic pathways
19
 Bacterial Reproduction: Transformation, Transduction
and Conjugation. Endospores and sporulation in
bacteria.
III Pathogen contamination and infectious diseases: 8
 Water Microbiology: Bacterial pollutants of water,
coliforms and non coliforms. Sewage composition and
its disposal.
 Food Microbiology: Important microorganism in food
Microbiology: Moulds, Yeasts, bacteria.
 Major food born infections and intoxications,
Preservation of various types of foods. Fermented
Foods.
 Bacterial diseases of human- Tuberculosis, Tetanus,
Typhoid, Cholera
 Viral diseases of human-Hepatitis B andC, AIDS
IV Sterilization, cultivation and staining: 7
 Principals and applications of different methods of
sterilization
 Cultivation and Maintenance of microorganisms:
Nutritional categories of micro-organisms
 Methods of isolation, Purification and preservation.
 Principals of staining and types of staining
V Introduction to immune system: 8
 Introduction to Immunology, Components of
mammalian immune system (cell and organs), Innate
and Adaptive immunity
 Humoral and cell mediated immune response, Clonal
selection theory
 An overview of primary and secondary immune
responses
VI Antigen and Antibody structure and diversity: 8
 Antigen, epitopes and Adjuvents
 Structure and isotypes of Immunoglobulins allotypes
and idiotypes
 B- and T-cell receptors
 B and T cell maturation
 Antibody diversity generation, somatic gene
rearrangements during B-lymphocyte differentiation,
allelic exclusion, affinity maturation, class switching ,
somatic hypermutation
VII MHC, antigen processing and presentation: 7
 Major Histocompatibility complexes – class I & class
II MHC antigens, antigen processing.
 Antigen processing and presentation
 Autoimmune diseases, Immunodeficiency-AIDS and
SCID.
VIII Immunological Techniques and Vaccines: 7
 Introduction to immunodiagnostics – Precipitation,
Agglutination, RIA, ELISA and Immunofluorescence.
20
 Passive & active immunization.
 Types of vaccines-DNA vaccines, recombinant
vaccines, inactivated vaccine
 Common indigenous vaccines
Suggested Reading
1. Pelczar M J, Reid R D, and Chan EC. (2001). Microbiology (5th ed.). New York:
McGraw-Hill.
2. Willey J M, Sherwood L, Woolverton C J, Prescott L M, and Willey J M. (2011).
Prescott’s Microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
3. Mattha, W, Berg C Y, and Black JG. (2005). Microbiology, Principles and
Explorations. Boston, MA: John Wiley & Sons.
4. Cappuccino J G, and Welsh,C. (2016). Microbiology: a Laboratory Manual.
Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company.
5. Collins C H, Lyne PM, Grange J M, and Falkinham III J. (2004). Collins and Lyne’s
Microbiological Methods (8th ed.). Arnolds.
6. Levinson WE. (2020). Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (16th
edition). McGraw Hill Education.
7. Ananthanarayana R, Panicker CKJ(2020). Ananthanarayana and Panicker’s
Textbook of Microbiology(11th edition) Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd
8. Punt J, Stranford S, Jones P., Owen JA, (2018). Kuby Immunology.(8th edition)
New York: W.H. Freeman.
9. Delves P J, Martin SJ, Burton DR, and Roitt IM. (2017). Roitt’s Essential
Immunology.(13th edition). Wiley- Blackwell.
10. Murphy K, and Weaver C, (2016). Janeway’s Immunobiology. (9th edition) New
York: Garland Science.
11. Abbas AK, Lichtman AHH, Pillai S.(2017) Cellular and Molecular Immunology
(9th edition)
12. Paul W E. (2012). Fundamental Immunology. New York: Raven Press.
13. Parham, P. (2005). The Immune System. New York: Garland Science.
14. Mohanty SK, Leela KS.(2014) Textbook of Immunology. (2nd Edition). Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd.
15. Hay FC, Westwood OMR.(2008). Practical Immunology.(4th Edition). Wiley
Blackwell.
Suggested link
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=microbiology
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=immunology
 https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/102103013/pdf/mod7.pdf
 https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/102103015/module1/lec1/1.html
Course prerequisite
To study this course, student must have passed semester III.
10 marks for Test
21
Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second (2) Semester: Fourth (IV)

Couse Code: B100402 P Course Title: Microbiology and Immunology Lab
Course Outcomes
After completion of this course , students will be able to:
 Understand methods of cleaning and sterilization of plasticwares and glasswares.
 understand and perform pure culture techniques which includes, pour plate and
 spread plate .
 understand the preparation and use of differential, selective and special media.
 understand and identify the morphology of cells of the immune system.
 understand the basic concepts of blood grouping.
 understand antigen antibody interactions and thus quantitate the presence of antigen
and or antibodies in biological samples.
Credits:2 Core Compulsory
(75(UE)+25(CIE))
1. Safety measures in microbiology laboratory 60
2. Study of instruments: Compound microscope,
Autoclave, Hot air oven, PH meter, and Laminar
airflow
3. Introduction to different sterilization techniques
4. Isolation of bacteria & their biochemical
characterization.
5. Staining methods: simple staining, Gram staining,
spore staining, negative staining, hanging drop.
6. Preparation of media and sterilization,
7. Methods of isolation of bacteria from different
sources.
8. Determination of bacterial cell size by micrometry.
9. Enumeration of microorganism - total & viable
count.
10. Differential leucocytes count
11. Total leucocytes count
12. Total RBC count
13. Haemagglutination assay
14. Separation of serum from blood
15. Double immunodiffusion test using specific
antibody and antigen.
16. ELISA demostration
Suggested Reading
22
1. Pelczar M J, Reid R D, and Chan EC. (2001). Microbiology (5th ed.). New York:
McGraw-Hill.
2. Willey J M, Sherwood L, Woolverton C J, Prescott L M, and Willey J M. (2011).
Prescott’s Microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
3. Mattha, W, Berg C Y, and Black JG. (2005). Microbiology, Principles and
Explorations. Boston, MA: John Wiley & Sons.
4. Cappuccino J G, and Welsh,C. (2016). Microbiology: a Laboratory Manual.
Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company.
5. Collins C H, Lyne PM, Grange J M, and Falkinham III J. (2004). Collins and Lyne’s
Microbiological Methods (8th ed.). Arnolds.
6. Levinson WE. (2020). Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (16th
edition). McGraw Hill Education.
7. Ananthanarayana R, Panicker CKJ(2020). Ananthanarayana and Panicker’s
Textbook of Microbiology(11th edition) Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd
8. Punt J, Stranford S, Jones P., Owen JA, (2018). Kuby Immunology.(8th edition)
New York: W.H. Freeman.
9. Delves P J, Martin SJ, Burton DR, and Roitt IM. (2017). Roitt’s Essential
Immunology.(13th edition). Wiley- Blackwell.
10. Murphy K, and Weaver C, (2016). Janeway’s Immunobiology. (9th edition) New
York: Garland Science
Course prerequisite
To study this course, student must have passed semester III.
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test
23
Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third (3) Semester: Fifth (V)
Couse Code: B100501T Course Title: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
Course Outcomes
After completion of the course, students will be able to -
 learn the need of statistical approach, identify the different axiomatic approach.
 learn to study the variability of observation.
 know effective use of Office package –word, excel, ppt and publisher etc
 understand simple calculation usinf excel
 understand the basic theories and practicals of common computational tools and databases
which facilitate investigation of molecular biology and evolution-related concepts.
 critically analyse and interpret results of their studies with the help of bioinfomatical and
biostatistical tools.

(75(UE)+25(CIE))
I History and introduction to Bioinformatics: 7
 Introduction and applications of bioinformatics
 Data generation; Generation of large scale molecular
biology data. (Through Genome sequencing, Protein
sequencing, Gel electrophoresis, NMR Spectroscopy, X-Ray
Diffraction, and microarray). Applications of
Bioinformatics.
II Databases, Data generation, Data storage and retrieval: 8
 General Introduction of Biological Databases; Nucleic acid
databases (NCBI, DDBJ, and EMBL), Protein databases
(Primary, Composite, and Secondary).
 Specialized Genome databases: (SGD, TIGR, and ACeDB).
 Structure databases (CATH, SCOP, and PDBsum)
 File Format (Genbank, DDBJ, FASTA, PDB, SwissProt).
 Introduction to Metadata and search; Indices, Boolean,
Fuzzy, Neighboring search.
III Sequence and Phylogeny analysis: 8
 Introduction to Sequences, alignments and Dynamic
Programming; Local alignment and Global alignment
(algorithm and example), Pairwise alignment (BLAST and
FASTA Algorithm) and multiple sequence alignment
(Clustal W algorithm).
 Introduction to BLAST, using it on the web, Interpreting
results, Phylogenetic Analysis.
 PCR primer designing etc.
IV Searching Databases: 7
 SRS, Entrez, Sequence Similarity Searches-BLAST,
FASTA, Data Submission.
 Genome Annotation: Pattern and repeat finding, Gene
identification tools.
24
V Types and Collection of data: 7
 Primary and Secondary data, Classification and Graphical
representation of Statistical data.
 Measures of central tendency and Dispersion.
 Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis.
VI Probability: 8
 Definition of probability, Theorems on total and compound
probability
 Elementary ideas of Binomial, Poisson and Normal
distributions.
VII Sampling: 8
 Methods of sampling, confidence level, critical region,
testing of hypothesis and standard error, large sample test
and small sample test.
 Problems on test of significance, t-test, chi-square test
 for goodness of fit and analysis of variance (ANOVA)
VIII Correlation and Regression: 7

 Types, Karl-Pearson’s correlation, Spearman’s Rank
correlation, Regression equation and fitting
 Main features of regression analysis-simple and multiple
regression analysis
 Differences between correlation and regression analysis
Suggested Reading
1. Lesk, A. M. (2002). Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Mount, D. W. (2001). Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis. Cold Spring
Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
3. Baxevanis, A. D., & Ouellette, B. F. (2001). Bioinformatics: a Practical Guide to the
Analysis of Genes and Proteins. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
4. Pevsner, J. (2015). Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. Hoboken, NJ.: Wiley-
Blackwell.
5. Bourne, P. E., & Gu, J. (2009). Structural Bioinformatics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss.
6. Sharma V. Munjal A. Shanker A.(2018). A Textbook of Bioinformatics.(2nd Edition).
Rastogi Publication.
7. Choudhuri S. (2014) Bioinformatics for beginners. (1st edition) Elsevier.
8. Harisha S. (2019) Fundamentals of Bioinformatics. Dreamtech Press
9. Rastogi SC. Mendiratta N. Rastogi P. (2013). Bioinformatics Methods and Applications
Genomics Proteomics and Drug Discovery. (4th edition). Prentice Hall India Learning
Private Limited
10. Ghosh Z. Mallick B. (2008). Bioinformatics: Principles and Applications. OUP India
11. Rosner, B. (2000). Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Boston, MA: Duxbury Press.
12. Daniel, W. W. (1987). Biostatistics, a Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences.
New York: Wiley
13. Mariappan P. (2013) Biostatistics. Pearson
14. Rastogi VB.(2015). Biostatistics (3rd Edition). MedTec
Suggested link
25
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-092-
bioinformatics-and-proteomics-january-iap-2005/lecture-notes/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-91j-foundations-of-computational-and-systems-biology-
spring-2014/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-91j-foundations-of-computational-and-systems-biology-
spring-2014/lecture-slides/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-650-statistics-for-applications-fall-2016/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-05-introduction-to-probability-and-statistics-
spring-2014/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-443-statistics-for-applications-fall-2003/lecture-
notes/
Course prerequisite
To study this course, student must have passed semester IV.
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test
Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third (3) Semester: Fifth (V)

Couse Code: B100502T Course Title: Animal and Plant Biotechnology
After completion of this course, students will be able to-
 understand the principles, practices and application of animal biotechnology in
Transgenesis, Tissue Engineering, and biopharmaceuticals.
 understand the principles, practices and applications of plant biotechnology, transgenic
plant generation, plant tissue culture, plant genomics, and genetic transformation.
 understand applications of stem cells and tissues engineering.
 learn different gene delivery methods to deliver foreign gene in plants and animals
 know about different products of transgenic animals, plants and microbes.

(75(UE)+25(CIE))
I Transgenesis: 7
 Introduction to transgenesis. Transgenic Animals –
Mice, Cow, Pig, Sheep, Goat, Bird, Insect.
 Animal diseases need help of Biotechnology –
Foot-and mouth disease, Coccidiosis,
26
Trypanosomiasis, Theileriosis.
II Gene delivery methods for animals : 8
 Viral vectors
 Vector less or direct DNA transfer, particle
bombardment, electroporation,
microinjection & chemical methods,
creation of animal models of human
diseases.
III Animal propagation: 6
 Artificial insemination, animal Clones.
 Conservation Biology – embryo transfer
techniques.
IV Genetic modification in Medicine: 8
 Gene therapy, types of gene therapy, vectors in
gene therapy, molecular engineering,
 Human genetic engineering, problems & ethics
 Introduction to Stem Cell Technology and its
applications
V Introduction, Cryo and organogenic differentiation: 7
 Types of culture: Seed , Embryo, Callus, Organs,
Cell and Protoplast culture.
 Micropopagation Axillary bud proliferation,
Meristem and shoot tip culture, cud culture,
organogenesis, embryogenesis, advantages and
disadvantages of micropropagation.
 Protoplast isolation and fusion, methods of
protoplast isolation, Protoplast development,
Somatic hybridization, identification and selection
of hybrid cells, Cybrids, Potential of somatic
hybridization limitations.
 Somaclonal variation nomenclature, methods,
applications basis and disadvantages
VI In vitro haploid production Androgenic methods: 8
 Anther culture, Microspore culture androgenesis
 Significance and use of haploids, Ploidy level and
chromosome doubling, diplodization, Gynogenic
haploids, factors effecting gynogenesis
 Chromosome elimination techniques for production
of haploids in cereals.
VII Plant Growth Promoting bacteria: 8
 Nitrogen fixation,
 Nitrogenase, Hydrogenase, Nodulation
 Biocontrol of pathogens
 Growth promotion by free-living bacteria.
VIII Transgenesis: 8
 Plant transformation technologies
 Agrobacterium tumifaciens infection, basis of
tumor formation, features of Ti & Ri plasmids,
27
mechanisms of DNA transfer, role of virulence
genes, use of Ti plasmid as vector, binary vectors
 Application of plant transformation for productivity
and performance: Herbicides resistance, insect
resistance, Bt genes, non-Bt like protease inhibitors,
virus resistance, long shelf life of fruits and flowers
Suggested Reading
1. Razdan, M. K. (2003). Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Enfield, NH: Science
2. Chawla, H. S. (2000). Introduction to Plant Biotechnology. Enfield, NH: Science.
3. Smith R(2012). Plant Tissue Culture (3rd Edition) Academic Press.
4. Slater, A., Scott, N. W., & Fowler, M. R. (2008). Plant Biotechnology: an
Introduction to Genetic Engineering. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. Buchanan, B. B., Gruissem, W., & Jones, R. L. (2015). Biochemistry & Molecular
Biology of Plants. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
6. Umesha, S. (2013). Plant Biotechnology. The Energy and Resources.
7. Glick, B. R., & Pasternak, J. J. (2010). Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and
Applications of Recombinant DNA. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press.
8. Brown, T. A. (2006). Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: an Introduction. Oxford:
Blackwell Pub.
9. Primrose, S. B., & Twyman, R. M. (2006). Principles of Gene Manipulation and
Genomics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.
10. Slater, A., Scott, N. W., & Fowler, M. R. (2003). Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic
Manipulation of Plants. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
11. Levine, M. M. (2004). New Generation Vaccines. New York: M. Dekker.
12. Pörtner, R. (2007). Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols. Totowa,
NJ: Humana Press
13. Singh B. Gautam SK (2013). Textbook of animal biotechnology. The Energy and
Resources Institute, TERI
14. Gupta PK.(2018) Animal Biotechnology. Rastogi Publications
15. Singh BD. (2015). Plant Biotechnology (3rd edition). Kalyani Publishers
16. Chawla HS. (2020) Introduction to Plant Biotechnology(3rd edition) OXFORD &
IBH Publishing
Publishers
19. Dubey RC. (2014) A Textbook of Biotechnology (5th edition) S Chand and Company
Ltd.
20. स हिं बी डी(2017) बायोटे क्नोलोजी Kalyani Publishers
Suggested link
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=stemcells
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-051j-materials-for-
biomedical-applications-spring-2006/lecture-notes/lecture13.pdf
biological-engineering-fall-2007/lecture-notes/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/health-sciences-and-technology/hst-535-principles-and-
practice-of-tissue-engineering-fall-2004/
28
biological-engineering-fall-2007/labs/mod1_3/
Course prerequisite
To study this course, student must have passed semester V.
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test
Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third (3) Semester: Fifth

(V)
Couse Code: B100503P Course Title: Bioinformatics, Biostatistics
Tissue culture Lab
Students should be able to -
 apply basic bioinformatics tools for the studies and research in other areas of their
biotechnology and microbiology programs, such as finding
 gene/protein homologs, designing primers, identifying mutations, etc.
 do cleaning, sterilization of laboratory, plastic and glasswares.
 prepare different types of culture media for animal and plant cell culture
 understand and solve the problems in the area of animal and plant Biotechnology.
Maximum Marks: 100 (75(UE)+25(CIE)) Minimum Passing Marks: As per University
norms
1. An introduction to Computers, MS-Word, MS Excel, MS 60
Power Point.
2. Sequence information resource: Using NCBI, EMBL,
Genbank, Entrez, Swissprot/ TrEMBL, UniProt.
3. Similarity searches using tools like BLAST and
interpretation of results.
4. Multiple sequence alignment using ClustalW and
interpretation of results.
5. Use of gene prediction methods (GRAIL, Genscan,
Glimmer).
6. Use of various primer designing and restriction site
prediction tools.
7. Use of different protein structure prediction databases
(PDB, SCOP, CATH etc.).
8. Exercise to data entry, edit, copy , move etc. using MS
EXCEL spreadsheet
29
9. Computations analysis of biological data by Mean,
Median, Mode, S.D., Correlation, regression Analysis,
Chi square test, Student test, ANOVA
10. Designing of bar diagram, pi chart, histogram, scatter
plots, in EXCEL for presentation of data.
11. Measure of skewness and kurtosis
12. Sterilization techniques: Theory and Practical: Glass ware
sterilization, Media sterilization, Laboratory sterilization
13. Sources of contamination and decontamination measures.
14. Preparation of Hanks Balanced salt solution
15. Preparation of Minimal Essential Growth medium
16. Preparation of simple growth nutrient (knop’s medium),
full strength, half strength, solid and liquid.
17. Preparation of complex nutrient medium (Murashige &
Skoog’s medium)
18. To selection, Prune, sterilize and prepare an explant for
culture.
19. Significance of growth hormones in culture medium.
20. To demonstrate various steps of Micropropagation.
Suggested Reading
1. Lesk, A. M. (2002). Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Mount, D. W. (2001). Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis. Cold Spring
Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
3. Baxevanis, A. D., & Ouellette, B. F. (2001). Bioinformatics: a Practical Guide to the
Analysis of Genes and Proteins. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
4. Pevsner, J. (2015). Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. Hoboken, NJ.: Wiley-
Blackwell.
5. Bourne, P. E., & Gu, J. (2009). Structural Bioinformatics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss.
6. Sharma V. Munjal A. Shanker A.(2018). A Textbook of Bioinformatics.(2nd Edition).
Rastogi Publication.
7. Choudhuri S. (2014) Bioinformatics for beginners. (1st edition) Elsevier.
8. Harisha S. (2019) Fundamentals of Bioinformatics. Dreamtech Press
9. Rastogi SC. Mendiratta N. Rastogi P. (2013). Bioinformatics Methods and Applications
Genomics Proteomics and Drug Discovery. (4th edition). Prentice Hall India Learning
Private Limited
10. Ghosh Z. Mallick B. (2008). Bioinformatics: Principles and Applications. OUP India
11. Rosner, B. (2000). Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Boston, MA: Duxbury Press.
12. Daniel, W. W. (1987). Biostatistics, a Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences.
New York: Wiley
13. Mariappan P. (2013) Biostatistics. Pearson
14. Rastogi VB.(2015). Biostatistics (3rd Edition). MedTec
Course prerequisite
To study this course, student must have passed semester IV.
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test
30
Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third (3) Semester: Sixth (VI)

Couse Code: B100601T Course Title: Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
Course Outcomes

 understand the problems in isolation, strain improvement and growth of
microorganisms in industrial processes.
 isolate and improve the industrially important microorganisms.
 understand design and types of fermenters and operation of fermenters.
 learn fundamentals of Environmental Biotechnology
 understand the importance of clean (pollution free) environment
 understand biotechnological solutions to address environmental issues including
pollution, mineral resource winning, renewable energy and water recycling.
 understand the regulation of bioethics and policies of IPR and entrepreneurship.
Credits: 4 Elective
(75(UE)+25(CIE))
I Introduction of Industrial microbiology and Bioprocess 7
technology:
 History-Introduction, scope and relation with other
sciences.
 Screening for new metabolites: primary and secondary
products.
 Strain development through selection, mutations and
recombination, and other recent methods
II Bioprocess technology: 9
 Introduction to bioprocess technology.
 Design and working of a typical bioreactor
 Range of bioprocess technology and its chronological
development.
 Basic principle components of fermentation
technology. Types of microbial culture and its growth
kinetics– Batch, Fedbatch and Continuous culture.
III Production of alcohols, antibiotic and enzymes: 9
 Production of alcohols (Ethanol) and organic acids
(citric and acetic).
 Production of biologically active compounds:
31
antibiotics (penicillin) and enzymes (amylase,
protease).
 Production of microbial food and single cell proteins
 Bioreactor for immobilized cells/enzyme system
 Biosensors and their applications
IV Environment and pollution: 8
 Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of
environment.
 Water, soil and air as a component of environment.
 Pollutants: Nature, origin, source, monitoring and
their impacts.
 Air, Water and Noise pollution
 Conventional fuels and their environmental impact
V Bioremediation: 8
 Bioremediation of soil & water contaminated with oil
spills, heavy metals and detergents.
 Degradation of lignin and cellulose using microbes.
Phyto-remediation.
 Degradation of pesticides and other toxic chemicals by
micro-organisms- degradation aromatic and
chlorinates hydrocarbons and petroleum products.
VI Sewage treatment and biofertilizers: 7
 Treatment of municipal waste and Industrial effluents.
 Bio-fertilizers: Role of symbiotic and asymbiotic
nitrogen fixing bacteria in the enrichment of soil.
 Algal and fungal biofertilizers (VAM)
VIII Bioleaching and genetically modified organisms: 6
 Enrichment of ores by microorganisms (Gold, Copper
and Uranium).
 Environmental significance of genetically modified
microbes, plants and animals.
VIII Bioethics, IPR, Entrepreneurship: 6
 Importance of Bioethics, IPR and entrepreneurship
 Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)-
World Intellectual properties, Indian Intellectual
properties
 Entrepreneurship in India
Suggested Reading
1. Glazier AN and Nikaido H (2007).Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamental & Applied
Microbiology – Second Edition. Cambridge University Press.
2. Casida LE (2019) Industrial Microbiology. Second Edition,New Age International
Publisher.
3. Stanbury P F and Whitaker, A. (2010). Principles of Fermentation Technology.
Oxford: Pergamon Press
4. Shuler M L and Kargi F. (2002). Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
5. Crueger W and Crueger A (2002) Cruegers Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial
Microbiology. Third Edition, Panima Publishing Corp., New Delhi.
6. Blanch H W and Clark D S. (1997). Biochemical Engineering. New York: M.
32
Dekker.
7. Bailey J E and Ollis D F. (1986). Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
8. Richard HB, Julian ED, Arnold LD. (2010) Manual of Industrial Microbiology and
Biotechnology, 3rd Edition
9. Thakur IS. (2011)Environmental Biotechnology basic concepts and applications. I.
K. International Publishing House Pvt. Limited
10. Evans GM and J. C. Furlong (2003). Environmental Biotechnology: Theory and
Applications. Wiley Publishers.
11. Ritmann R and McCarty P L (2000). Environmental Biotechnology: Principle &
Applications. 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill Science.
12. Scragg A., (2005) Environmental Biotechnology. Pearson Education Limited.
13. Srinivas TR (2008). Environmental Biotechnology.New Age International Pvt. Ltd.
14. Chapman JL .Ecology: Principal & Application.Cambridge Univ. Press.
15. Odum E and Barret G. (2004) Fundamentals of Ecology. Nataraj Publication.
Suggested link
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-34-waste-containment-
and-remediation-technology-spring-2004/lecture-notes/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-018j-ecology-i-the-
earth-system-fall-2009/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-018j-ecology-i-the-
earth-system-fall-2009/lecture-notes/MIT1_018JF09_Lec07.pdf
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-89-environmental-
microbiology-fall-2004/
 https://ocw.mit.edu/high-school/biology/exam-prep/cellular-energetics/fermentation-
cellular-respiration/fermentation/
Course prerequisite
To study this course, a student must have passed semester V.
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test

Couse Code: B100602T Course Title: Food Biotechnology
Course Outcomes

 understand the history and evolution of food technology and processing.
 understand the importance microorganisms in food preservation
 learn various food processing and preservation technologies.
33
(75(UE)+25(CIE))
I Introduction to Food Biotechnology 7
 Historical Background of Food technology
 Traditional fermented foods (meat, fish, bread,
sauerkraut, soy bean, coffee, cocoa, tea)
 Importance, global trends, codex guidelines,
nutritional labelling in India, FSSAI guidelines
 Improvements through Biotechnology (e.g. Golden
Rice, Potato, Flavr Savr Tomato etc.)
II Enzymes in Food Industry: 8
 Carbohydrases
 Proteasase
 Lipases
 Modification of food using enzymes:
 Role of endogenous enzymes in food quality,
 Enzymes use as processing aid and ingredients
III Food Fermentations: 7
 Common fermented foods - Cheese, Butter, Yoghurt,
fermented/condensed milk and kefir.
 Alcoholic beverages (Beer, Wine, Whisky),
 Sauerkraut, Pickles, Soy products, Tea, coffee etc.
IV Food preservation: 7
 Food adulteration and prevailing food standards in
India.
 Source of microorganisms in milk and their types.
 Microbiological examination of milk (standard plate
count, direct microscopic count, reductase and
phosphatase test).
 Dehydration and pasteurization of milk.
V Value addition products: 7
 Value addition products like High Fructose Syrup,
Invert Sugars etc. SCPs ( e.g. Spirulina, Yeast etc.) as
food supplements,
 Edible fungus: Mushrooms. Potential of Probiotics.
 Flavour enhancers: Nucleosides, nucleotides and
related compounds. Organic acids (Citric acid, Acetic
acid) and their uses in foods/food products.
VI Vitamins and Minerals: 7
 Importance of Vitamins and their supplementation in
foods and feedstock.
 Food preservation and storage. Food Processing
 Important minerals and their function in body and
deficiency conditions
34
 Requirements, allowances, enrichment, restorations,
fortifications, losses of minerals, optimization and
retention of minerals;
VII Growth of microorganisms in food: 8
 Intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
 Food Spoilage (microbial and non-microbial) Control
mechanisms of food spoilage: Physical and Chemical.
 Microbial spoilage of food and factors affecting them:
Spoilage of various kinds of foods: fish. meat, poultry,
sea foods, bread and dairy products).
 Food adulteration and prevailing food standards in
India.
 Indicator Microorganisms: As an indicator of good
quality
VIII Food and water borne diseases: 9
 Gastroenteritis, Diarrhoea, Shigellosis, Salmonellosis,
Typhoid, Cholera, Polio, Hepatitis, Dental Infections,
etc.
 Food borne intoxications: Staphylococcal, Bacillus,
Clostridium etc.
 Detection of food-borne pathogens.
Suggested Reading
1. Ray B and Bhunia A. 2008. Fundamental Food Microbiology, 4th Ed., CRC press,
Taylor and Francis Group, USA.
2. Martin RA and Maurice OM. 2008. Food Microbiology, 3rd Ed., The Royal Society
of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.
3. James M J.. 2000. Modern Food Microbiology, 6th Ed. Aspen Publishers, Inc.,
Gaithersburg,Maryland, USA.
4. Frazier WC, and Westhoff DC. Food Microbiology. Fourth edition, MacGraw Hills
publication
5. Lopez GFG, Canaas G, Nathan EV. Food Sciences and Food biotechnology.
6. Adams AR, and Moss MO. Food Microbiology. Third edition, Royal Society of
Chemistry publishing .
7. Hohn T and Leisinger KM. Biotechnology of Food Crops in Developing Countries.
8. Doyle MP, Beuchat LR and Montville TJ. Food Microbiology Fundamentals and
Frontiers. ASM Press.
9. Schwartzberg HG, RaoMA. (Eds.) Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering .
Suggested link
Suggested link
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/linguistics-and-philosophy/24-03-good-food-ethics-and-
politics-of-food-spring-2017/lecture-notes/MIT24_03S17_lec24.pdf
 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/linguistics-and-philosophy/24-03-good-food-ethics-and-
politics-of-food-spring-2017/lecture-notes/MIT24_03S17_lec20.pdf
 https://www.rug.nl/research/irees/research/edulink-fsba/fsba-course-modules/fsba-
module-2-unit-3-notes-english.pdf
 https://foodinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2003/03/Biotech-Guide.pdf

35
Course prerequisite
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test

Couse Code: B100603P Course Title: Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
Lab
Course Outcomes
After completion of this course , students will be able to-
 understand various methods of screening of industrially important microorganisms
from different sources.
 understand the working of small scale fermenter and also determine the aeration
efficiency of the fermenter
 understand the technique of immobilization of cells like yeast and E.coli.
(75(UE)+25(CIE))
1. Calculation of bacterial growth curve. 60
2. Calculation thermal death point (TDP) of a microbial
sample.
3. Production and analysis of ethanol.
4. Production and analysis of amylase..
5. Production and analysis of lactic acid.
6. Isolation of industrially important microorganism
from natural resource.
7. Calculation of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of water
sample.
8. Calculation of BOD of water sample.
9. Calculation of COD of water sample.
10. Bacterial Examination of Water by MPN Method.
Suggested Reading
1. Glazier AN and Nikaido H (2007).Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamental & Applied
Microbiology – Second Edition. Cambridge University Press.
36
2. Casida LE (2019) Industrial Microbiology. Second Edition,New Age International
Publisher.
3. Stanbury P F and Whitaker, A. (2010). Principles of Fermentation Technology.
Oxford: Pergamon Press
4. Crueger W and Crueger A (2002) Crueger’s Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial
Microbiology. Third Edition, Panima Publishing Corp., New Delhi.
5. Blanch H W and Clark D S. (1997). Biochemical Engineering. New York: M.
Dekker.
6. Bailey J E and Ollis D F. (1986). Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
7. Richard HB, Julian ED, Arnold LD. (2010) Manual of Industrial Microbiology and
Biotechnology, 3rd Edition
8. Thakur IS. (2011)Environmental Biotechnology basic concepts and applications. I.
K. International Publishing House Pvt. Limited
9. Evans GM and J. C. Furlong (2003). Environmental Biotechnology: Theory and
Applications. Wiley Publishers.
10. Scragg A., (2005) Environmental Biotechnology. Pearson Education Limited.
11. Srinivas TR (2008). Environmental Biotechnology.New Age International Pvt. Ltd.
Course prerequisite
Total marks: 25
10 marks for Test
37

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National Education Policy -2020

Common Minimum Syllabus for All U P State Universities and Colleges

B10 0503P Bioinformatics, Biostatistics Practical 2

PO1 Demonstrate knowledge for in-depth analytical and critical thinking to

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOS)

DIPLOMA IN TOOL AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory

VIII Cytological techniques: 9

Other ccourse books published in Hindi must be prescribed by the University/College

Suggested Digital platform/Web link

Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First (1) Semester: First (I)

Course books published in Hindi must be prescribed by the University/College

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Credits: 2 Core Compulsory

Course books published in Hindi must be prescribed by the University/College

Course books published in Hindi must be prescribed by the University/College

Suggested Digital platform/Web link

Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second (2) Semester: Third(III)

Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second (2) Semester: Fourth (IV)

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory

Course books published in Hindi must be prescribed by the University/College

Suggested Digital platform/Web link

Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second (2) Semester: Fourth (IV)

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory

VIII Correlation and Regression: 7

Course books published in Hindi must be prescribed by the University/College

Suggested Digital platform/Web link

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third (3) Semester: Fifth (V)

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third (3) Semester: Fifth

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third (3) Semester: Sixth (VI)

After successful completion of the course, student will be able to:

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third (3) Semester: Sixth (VI)

After successful completion of the course, student will be able to:

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third (3) Semester: Sixth (VI)

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