MCQs SET 1

1. The contemporary of John Galsworthy, Conrad called him:

A) Humanitarian Activist B) Humanitarian Idealist
C) Humanitarian Ideologist D) Humanitarian Moralist

2. The sum of one million crown was offered to Rudolf Rassendyll by:
A) Judas Iscariot B) Detchard C) Rupert of Hentzau D) De Gautet

3. The speech ‘Seven Ages of Man’ is taken form the play titled ‘As You Like it’ form:
A) Act II, Scene VIII B) Act II, Scene VII C) Act II, Scene V D) Act II, Scene IV

4. ‘Heavens does not always make the right man King.’ Speaker of this dialogue is:
A) Fritz B) Marshall C) Flavia D) Col. Sapt

5. In ‘Twenty Minutes With Mrs. Oakentubb’ the person who gave purpose to ‘He’ is:
A) Korean Girl B) Catalan Girl C) Palestinian Girl D) Mrs. Oakentubb

6. An honorary degree was conferred upon Liaquat Ali Khan by:

A) Kansas University B) Oxford University
C) Munich University D) Harvard University

7. ‘Say not the Struggle Naught Availeth’ teaches us the lesson of:
A) Pessimism B) Optimism C) Individualism D) Chauvinism

8. This is the biblical character who has been mentioned in the books of judges in Old Testament:
A) Jesus B) Jacob C) Samson D) Moses

9. Einstein believes everyman should be respected as an individual and let no man be:
A) Criticized B) Demoralized C) Socialized D) Idolized

10. In the poem ‘An Essay on Man’ Alexander pope says that God has hidden from His creatures their:
A) Present State B) Past State
C) Ultimate State D) Future State

11. Ulysses symbolizes the human spirit at its bravest and:

A) Strangest B) Cruelest C) Strongest D) Weakest

12. The poem,” Endymion” is expressed in :

A) Rhymed Couplets B) Blank Verse C) Free Verse D) Heroic Couplets

13. The Solitary Reaper was singing in this language:

A) Gaelic B) Italian C) Spanish D) German

14. This poem is an ambitious philosophical and religious dissertation on human existence:
A) An Essay on Man B)Ulysses C) The Solitary Reaper D) Endymion

15. These were the deadly enemies of Samson Agonistes:

B) Philistine B) Isralielites C) Turks D) Germans

16. Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in the year:

A) 1949 B) 1948 C) 1950 D) 1951

17. ‘The Day The Dam Broke’ is an affectionate view of human:

A) Emotions B) Character C) Behaviour D) Psychology
18. Hans sold all of these except :
B) Silver Chain B) Garden C) Silver Buttons D) Pipe

19. The grandfather of the author of , ‘The Day the Dam Broke’ was a retired :
A) Teacher B) Lawyer C) Banker D) Soldier

20. Mrs. Jones is employed at the house of Mr.:

A) Robert Snow B) Barthwick C) Marlowe D) Livens

21. “A thing of beauty is a joy forever” is the opening line of this poem:
A) An Essay on Man B) Endymion C) Samson D) Ulysses

22. Oscar Wilde wis the foremost exponents of the doctrine of:
A) History for history’s sake B) Criticism for criticism’s sake
C) Arts for art’s sake D) Poetry for poetry’s sake

23. Russell argues that communism is the most modern and most virulent form of western:
A) Communism B) Fascism C) Cosmopolitanism D) Imperialism

24. This character is attacked when Rudolf Rasendyll has gone to “ Zenda Inn”:
A) Bernenstein B) Fritz C) Bertram Bertrand D) Lauengram

25. The only villain who escapes alive in the novel is:
A) Rupert Hentzau B) Krafstein C) Detchard D) De Gautet

26. The immediate heir to throne of Ruritania is:

A) Rudolf Rassendyll B) Black Michael C)Princess Flavia D) Lady de Mauban

27. Princess Flavia sacrifices her love for:

A) Crown B) Fame C) Ruritanians D) Rassendyll

28. Countess Helga is a lady in waiting to :

A) Michael B) Rudolph Rassendyll C) Flavia D) R. Elphberg

29. Black Michael was killed by:

A) Rassendyll B) Col. Sapt C) Fritz D) Rupert Hentzau

20. Dresden is a city in:

A) Germany B) Austria C) Australia D) France

30. This pair of the poet belonged to Romantic age:

A) P.B Shelly & John Keats B) Williams Wordsworth & John Dryden
C) Williams Shakespeare & Thomas Campion D) John Milton & Alexander Pope

31. “A thing of beauty is a joy forever” is the opening line of the poem:
A) Ulysses B) Endymion C) Samson D) Achilles

32. Oscar Wilde is the foremost exponents of the doctrine of:

A) History for history’s sake B) Criticism for criticism’s sake
C) Arts for art’s sake D) Poetry for poetry’s sake

33. Russell argues that communism is the most modern and most virulent form of western:
A) Communism B) Fascism C) Cosmopolitanism D) Imperialism
 34. Campion’s upright Man’s heart is free from:
A) Cowardice B) Spite C) Hate D) Vanity

35. ‘It’s quite remarkable how one good deed breeds another.’ The speaker of these words is:
A) Water rat B) Little Hans
C) Miller’s wife D) The Miller

36. Next heir to the throne of Ruritania is:

A) Black Michael B) Rudolf Rassendyll
C)Princess Flavia D) Lady de Mauban

37. Ulysses is a hero of:

A) Northern Mythology B) Greek Mythology
C) Roman Mythology D) Chinese Mythology

38. ‘The Day the Dam Broke’ is a good example of Thurber’s sardonic but affectionate view of:
A) Human Behaviour B) Human Psychology
C) Human Autonomy D) Human Mentality

39. In the poem ‘The Lost Star’, the poet is searching for:
A) Primeval Spark B) The Lost Treasure
C) The Hidden Truth D) Natural Phenomenon

MCQs SET 2
1. Mrs. Oakentubb was driving very fast to win a:
* Race * Contest * Bet * War
2. Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in the year:
* 1947 * 1948 * 1950 * 1951
3. “The Day the Dam Broke” describes the events which took place:
* After the spreading of the rumor * Due to the flood in the Ohio River
* During the Second World War * In Columbus City
4. An honorary degree was conferred upon Liaquat Ali Khan by:
* Oxford University * Cambridge University
* Kansas University * University of Karachi
5. “Act III of Silver Box” is criticism of:
* The British Society * The English Legal System
* The Rich Class * The Poor Class
6. The main theme of “The Devoted Friend” is:
* Richness * Devotion
* One Sided Friendship * Selfishness
7. According to James Jeans, we find this universe terrifying because of:
* Its huge distances * Its vastness
* Its appearing to be indifferent to life * Its being too hot and too cold
8. The charges against Mr. Jones was:
* Two * One * Three * Four
9. “The Seven Ages Of Man” is taken from a comedy play by:
* William Blake * William Wordsworth
* William Shakespeare * John Keats
10. “The Man of Life Upright” describes the qualities of:
* An ordinary man * An Honest and Honorable man
* A religious man * An honest man
11. The Seven Ages of man is actually a:
* Speech * Poem * Sonnet * Ballad
12. Samson Agonistes were made prisoner due to:
* The Philistine Leaders * Treachery of his wife
 * His army * His Companions
13. Alexander Pope calls it the great teacher:
* Hope * Nature * Blindness * Death
14. Wordsworth could not understand the song of “The Solitary Reaper” as the:
* Voice was not clear * Language was strange
* Theme was doubtful * Song was melodious
15. “Music When the Soft Voices Die” expresses the power of:
* Music * Death * Love * Beauty
16. In “Ulysses” Lord Tennyson gives us the message of:
* Struggle * Not to give up
* Courage * To strive and not to yield
17. Madame de Mauban wrote a letter to Rudolf Rassendyll at the command of:
* Duke Michael * Princess Flavia * Rupert of Hentzau * The King
18. Rudolf Rassendyll impersonated as the:
* King * Princess * Monarch * Duke
19. Rupert killed:
* Michael * Fritz * Colonel Sapt * Rassendyll
MCQs SET 3
1. Gandhi in spite of immense influence over his compatriots, was totally unable to restore the:
* Industrialism * Spinning Wheel
* Cosmopolitanism * Independence
2. The smile of the Korean Girl gave a man a purpose in life which was:
* Forgiveness * Goodness * Revenge * Love
3. The Day the Dam Broke is a good example of Thurber’s sardonic but affectionate view of:
* Human beliefs * Human Happiness * Human Grief * Human Behavior
4. Liaquat Ali Khan believes that Pakistan can develop quickly if our ancient steadfast faith is attached with:
* Modern Technology * Western Civilization
* Communism * Hinduism
5. In the poem “The Seven Ages of Man”, the seventh age takes the man into:
* Teenage * Cannon’s mouth * Battlefield * Second Childishness
6. Antoinette de Mauban wrote a letter to Princess Flavia to warn her against:
* Black Michael * Rassendyll * Rupert * Bersonin
7. According to Albert Einstein, the sound sense of nations had been corrupted by:
* Electronic Media * Political Part
* School and the press * Universities
8. Campion’s man of upright life has a heart which is free from:
* Religious Brief * Dishonest Deed * Good Thoughts * Good Emotions
9. Ulysses is a hero of:
* Greek Mythology * Asian Literature
* Chinese Mythology * Hindu Mythology
10. Black Michael was the:
* Duke of Zenda * Duke of Dresden * Duke of Paris * Duke of Strelsau
11. The panic in the lesson, “The Day the Dam Broke” appeared to have a started from:
* Wall Street * High Street * Broad Street * Town Street
12. The poem Music when Soft Voices die was composed by:
* P.B Shelly * Wordsworth * Shakespeare * John Milton
13. In the tea table incident, Rassendyll used the table to:
* Write a letter * Protect himself * Accept the Offer * Dance
14. Princess Flavia actually loved:
* Rudolf Elphberg * Rudolf Rassendyll * Black Michael * Fritz
15. Samson was captivated by Philistines because of the treachery of his:
* Friends * Soldier * Wife * Servants
16. The novel “The Prisoner of Zenda” is written by:
* Charles Dickens * Anthony Hope Hawkins
* Thomas Hardy * William Wordsworth
17. Rudolf Rassendyll came to Ruritania to:
* Become the King * Meet Colonel Sapt
* Marry Princess Flavia * The coronation ceremony
18. Before God you are the finest Elphberg of them all. These words are spoken by:
* Fritz Von Tarlenheim * Rupert of Hentzau
* Colonel Sapt * Princess Flavia
MCQs SET 4
1. Samson was captivated by Philistines because of the treachery of his:
* Friends * Soldiers * Wife * Servants
2. Liaquat Ali Khan delivered in speech in:
* Kansas University * Oxford University
* Harvard University * Cambridge University
3. The date of the great run in “The Day the Dam Broke” was:
* March 13, 1913 * March 12, 1913 * March 12, 1912 * March 12, 1914
4. “A thing of beauty is a joy forever” is taken from the poem:
* Endymion * An Essay on Man
* Music when the Soft Voices Die * The Seven Ages of man
5. The scene in “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” takes place at a:
* Bus Station * Railway Station * Airport Lounge * Gas Station
6. “The Man of Life Upright” is written by:
* Thomas Gray * Thomas Campion * Thomas Hilton * Thomas John
7. The Miller promised Hans to give him his:
* Flock of sheep * Plank of wood * Bag of flour * Wheel Barrow
8. The Coronation Ceremony of King Rudolf Elphberg takes place in:
* Zenda * Strelsau * Dresden * Tyrol
9. Ulysses was addressing his:
* Children * Soldiers * Mariners * Colleague
10. The close accomplices of Black Michael was known as:
* The Four * The Six * The Five * The Seven
11. Liaquat Ali Khan visited the USA in:
* 1950 * 1951 * 1952 * 1953
12. The Seven Ages of Man is a speech from Shakespeare’s play:
* Much Ado about Nothing * As You Like It
* The Comedy of Errors * Othello
13. “The World as I see It” is written by:
* Isaac Newton *Albert Einstein * Graham Bell * None of them
14. The novel “The Prisoner of Zenda” is written by:
* Charles Dickens * Anthony Hope Hawkins
* Thomas Hardy * William Wordsworth
15. ‘Music When Soft Voices Die’ is written by:
* Percy Brown Heart * Shaw
* Percy Bysshe Shelley * Percy Brown
16. Princess Flavia was about to marry with:
* Rudolf Rassendyll * Rudolf Elphberg
* Black Michael * Rupert of Hentzau
17. Reflections on the Reawakening East is written by:
* J.S. Mill * David Douches * Bertrand Russell * J.S Hooper
18. Mrs. Jones works at the house of:
* Mr. Marlowe * Mr. Barthwick * Mr. Roper * Mr. Robert
19. Act III of Silver Box deals with the theft of:
* Money * Purse * Cigarette Case * Jewelry
MCQs SET 5
1. In the play “Act III of Silver Box” Mr. Roper was Jack’s:
* Friend * Police Officer * Lawyer * Attendant
2. Black Michael was duke of:
 * Zenda * Paris * Strelsau * Dresden
3. Liaquat Ali Khan became the first Prime Minister of Pakistan in the year:
* 1948 * 1947 * 1943 * 1946
4. The name of Thurber’s aunt was:
* Edith Taylor * Julie Taylor * James Taylor * Jimmy Taylor
5. According to Bertrand Russell, one of the important things for survival in the modern world is:
* Mannerism * Imperialism * Communism * Industrialism
6. The smile of the Korean girl gave the man a purpose in life which was:
* Goodness * Love * Forgiveness * Revenge
7. The Sven Ages of Man is taken from:
* King Lear * Othello * Hamlet * As you like it
8. Samson was taken captive by the treachery of his:
* Friends * Soldiers * Wife * Servants
9. The Seven Ages of Man is taken from the play:
* Juliet and Romeo * As You Like It * Hamlet * Othello
10. The name of the Sister-in-law of Rassendyll is:
* Flavia * Helga * Rose * Fraulien
11. In the tea table incident, Rassendyll used the table to:
* Write a letter * Protect Himself * Accept the offer * Dance
12. An Essay on Man is a poem which Is deeply:
* Psychological * Social * Religious * Comical
13. “A man can do as he will, but not will as he will” has been an inspiration to:
* Einstein * Russell * Schopenhauer * Theocracy
14. The poem Endymion is composed in:
* Rhymed Couplets * Blank Verse * Unrhymed Couplets * Elegy
15. The Political idea of Einstein was:
* Autocracy * Bureaucracy * Democracy * Theocracy
16. Achilles, the Greek hero, was shot with an arrow:
* Arm * Leg * Heel * Head
17. In the novel “The Prisoner of Zenda” Jacob’s ladder was actually a:
* Ladder * Pipe * Drawbridges * Flower
18. The Coronation Ceremony took place on:
* Monday * Tuesday * Wednesday * Thursday
MCQs SET 6
1. The first two stages of Man’s life according to Shakespeare are:
* Schoolboy and Soldier * Infant and Judge
* Soldier and Old man * Infant and Schoolboy
2. In An Essay On Man, Alexander Pope is talking about:
* Good Character * Hope * Death * War
3. ‘Music When Soft Voices Die’ is a:
* Ballad * Sonnet * Romantic Poem * Song
4. In ‘Say not the Struggle Naught Availeth’ the poet gives the example of:
* Violets and Roses * The sea and Battlefield
* Sunrise and Smoke * Floods and Smoke
5. The enemies of Samson were:
* The Jews * The Christian * The Muslims * The Philistines
6. In the text “Reflections upon the Re-awakening East” Bertrand Russell is favoring:
* The East * The West * The Jews * The Christians
7. “The Day the Dam Broke” gives us the picture of:
* War * Romance * Human Nature * Childhood
8. The speech ‘Pakistan and the Modern World’ was delivered by Liaquat Ali Khan in:
* America * India * Pakistan * England
9. The theme of ‘Silver Box’ is:
* Poverty * Exploitation * Politics * Injustice
10. According to Einstein the best form of government is:
 * Communalism * Monarchy * Dictatorship * Democracy
11. The main villain of “The Prisoner of Zenda” is:
* Rupert of Hentzau * Duke Michael
* Colonel Sapt * Fritz Von Tarlenheim
12. Rudolf Rassendyll was aged:
* 26 * 27 * 25 * 29
13. Rudolf Rassendyll belonged to:
* France * Germany * England * Ruritania
14. The next heir to the throne of Ruritania was:
* Rudolf Elphberg * Princess Flavia
* Rudolf Rassendyll * Black Michael
15. Madame de Mauban wanted to marry:
* Rupert * Duke Michael * Colonel Sapt * Fritz
16. Jacob’s Ladder was:
* Castle * Chateau * Pipe * Moat
17. Fritz Von Tarlenheim was the:
* King’s Cousin * Flavia’s Cousin
* Rassendyll’s Cousin * King’s Attendant
18. The line “Heaven Doesn’t always make the right men’s king” is said by:
* Rupert * Duke Michael * Colonel Sapt * Fritz
19. The novel “The Prisoner of Zenda” is narrated by:
* Rupert, Duke Michael * Duke Michael
* Rudolf Rassendyll * Fritz
MCQs SET 7
1. The word ‘Dupe’ means:
* Hope * Forgetfulness * Deceit * Resemblance
2. The capital of Ruritania is:
* Dresden * Strelsau * Tyrol * Paris
3. There was a close resemblance between Rassendyll and:
* Colonel Sapt * Rudolf Elphberg * Black Michael * Rupert
4. In the summerhouse for his defense Rassendyll used a:
* Chair * Table * Tea Table * Pistol
5. Black Michael was killed by:
* Rassendyll * Sapt * Rupert * Fritz
6. For the sake of country, Princess Flavia sacrifices her:
* Love * Wealth * Parents * Life
7. The renowned philosopher, Schopenhauer was a/n:
* Chinese * German * Russian * American
8. On hearing the news of the broken dam, people left their work and ran towards the:
* West * North * South * East
9. Mrs. Judy Oakentubb was driving criminally fast because she was:
* Shocked * Drunk * Sick * Sleepy
10. In the sixth age in the poem “The Seven Ages of Man” a person becomes:
* Healthy * Victorious * Powerful * Weak
MCQs SET 8
1. “Cosmopolitan” means:
* Chauvinism * Internationalism * Freedom * Selfishness
2. The Miller refused to give Hans his:
* Wheelbarrow * Sack of flour * pipe * lantern
3. Einstein considered ‘property, outward success and luxury’ as a thing which is:
* Contemptible * Strange * Fantastic * Fascinating
4. Asia contains half of the population of the world and very distinct civilizations which are at least:
* Two * Five * Three * Four
5. Upright man considers earth as his:
* Inn * Heavenly Thing * Property * Heaven
6. In the Seven Ages of Man, Justice is the stage of Man’s life:
* 3rd * 4th * 5th * 6th
7. Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb is a story of:
* Revenge * Murder * Humour * Cruelty
8. According to th Miller, real friend should have everything in:
* Garden * Separation * Common * Purse
9. Samson had been taken captive by the:
* Israelis * Philistines * Russians * American
10. Keats is of the view that there is an ‘inhuman dearth’ of:
* Lovely Tale * Strange People * Sweet Dreams * Noble Natures
11. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the leadership in power and culture passed to:
* The East * The Germans * The Chinese * The West
12. All the panic in “The Day the Dam Broke” occurred on this side of Ohio Town:
* East * West * South * North
13. A free people must maintain their own:
* Chauvinism * Imperialism * Freedom * Mannerism
14. In the poem “The Solitary Reaper”, William Wordsworth compared the singing of the girl with that
of a/an:
* Nightingale * Eagle * Sparrow * Hawk

MCQs SET 9
1. A thing of beauty is a joy forever, it will never pass into:
* Nothingness * Hopeless * Helpless * Restlessness
2. In his little melodrama Frank Arthur makes the character of porter:
* Suspicious * Humorous * Adventurous * Sumptuous
3. The fourth stage of human life told by Jean Jacques is of a:
* Lover * Soldier * Teacher * Passenger
4. The panic lasted not more than two hours in all and order was restored by:
* Firemen * Policemen * Militiaman * Businessmen
5. Sir Jacob has to have an embassy in six months and Robert is sure that he will take his brother as
a/an:
* Translator * Reporter * Oath Commissioner * Attache
6. Mrs. Oakentubb got punishment she:
* Desired * Deserved * Decided * Determined
7. If hopes were dupes, fears may be:
* Liars * Nightmares * Pleasures * Treasures
8. By far the most dangerous and daring of the Six is:
* Fritz * Rupert of Hentzau * Johann * Bersonin
9. Samson and Milton both are:
* Warriors * Blind * Wrestlers * Reformers
10. Every good story teller nowadays starts with the end, and goes on to the beginning and concluded
with the:
* Middle * Moral * Proverb * Message
11. The Man of Upright Life prefers:
* Property * Vanity * Dishonest * Nobility
12. To a man of spirit, Rose, opportunities are:
* Duties * Activities * Possibilities * Priorities
13. Cousin to the King and immediate heir to throne of Ruritania was:
* Countess Helga * Princess Flavia * Lady Burlesdon * Mauban
MCQs SET 10
1. An elegy is a poem of:
* Mourning * Morning * Moaning * Manning
2. Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb is a little piece of:
* Satire * Tragedy * Melodrama * Fable
3. Columbus and Vasco de Gama were the pioneers f new western:
* Democracy * Imperialism * Feudalism * Autocracy
4. The book “Past and Present” is written by:
* Carlyle * Russell * Frank Arthur * James Thurber
5. During the dam scare, Thurber’s aunt was in the:
* Trade Centre * Move Theatre * Street * Office
6. Dr. Mallory looked like a famous English poet:
* Tennyson * Robert Browning * Shelly * Wordsworth
7. As we cannot hold the clock back, so we must go forward at a double:
* Pace * Time * Technology * Speed
8. According to Einstein, the fairest thing that one experience is:
* Bravery * Science * Mystery * History
9. Lord Burlesdon was the brother of:
* Rassendyll * Rupert of Hentzau * Lord Topham * Bersonin
10. The story of the devoted friend was told by:
* The water rat * The Miller * Green Linnet * A duck
11. Albert Einstein’s political idea is:
* Autocracy * Theocracy * Democracy * Bureaucracy
12. Mr. Barthwick’s Son Jack stole a:
* Purse * Bottle of Wine * Golden Necklace * Silver Box
13. ‘Liberty does not descend upon a people’ is stated by:
* Bertrand Russell * Albert Einstein
* Liaquat Ali Khan * Quaid-e-Azam
14. ‘Say not the Struggle Naught Availeth’ teaches us the lesson of:
* Patriotism * Socialism * Pessimism * Optimism
MCQs SET 11
1. According to Pope, in the eyes of God, a hero’s death is same as the death of:
* A Lamb * A sparrow * A Star * A system
2. The word ‘Polytheist’ means:
* One God * Many Gods * Two Gods * Idols
3. Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb is notable for its skilful manipulation of:
* Revenge * Murder
* Suspense * Fiction
4. According to Bretrand Russell, Europe was sunk in:
* Communism * Capitalism * Barbarism * Socialism
5. The speech “The Seven Ages of Man” was uttered by:
* James * Amiens * Jacques * Shakespeare
6. ‘And as I mounted up the hill, The music in my heart I bore’ these lines have been taken from the
poem:
* Ulysses * Endymion * The
Solitary Reaper * The Toys
7. The passenger traveled by the same train by which Rassendyll went from, Paris to Ruritania:
* Inn’s girl * Rose * Mauban * Helga
MCQs SET 12
1. An honest man spends his leisure time in:
* Harmless Joys * Harmful Joys * Thought * Writing Poetry
2. Mrs. Judy Oakentubb lived in:
* London * Ohio * Columbus * Stainthorpe
3. The poem ‘Say not the Struggle Naught Availeth’ is written by:
* Thomas Gray * Alfred Tennyson *
Thomas Campion * Arthur Clough
4. Rudolf Rassendyll was invited to summerhouse by:
* Flavia * DeGautet * Mauban * Detchard
5. Due to her reckless driving Mrs. Oakentubb killed:
 * A mother and a daughter * Two Men
* A young boy * An elderly man
6. The man who was imprisoned in Zenda was:
* Max Holf * Johann * Elphberg * Rassendyll
7. Fritz Von Tarlenheim was in love with:
* Helga * Flavia * Mauban * Rose
8. Miller claimed to be the best friend of:
* Priest * Hans * Doctor * Linnet

COMPREHENSION PASSAGE

The World As I See It

Albert Einstein
Passage No. 1
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
What an extraordinary situation is that of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what
purpose he knows not, though he sometimes thinks he feels it. But from the point of view of daily life,
without going deeper, we exist for our fellow-men--in the first place for those on whose smiles and
welfare all our happiness depends, and next for all those unknown to us personally with whose destinies
we are bound up by the tie of sympathy. A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and
outer life depend on the labours of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to
give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to the simple
life and am often oppressed by the feeling that I am engrossing an unnecessary amount of the labour of
my fellow-men. I regard class differences as contrary to justice and, in the last resort, based on force. I
also consider that plain living is good for everybody, physically and mentally.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. What does the speaker believe is the purpose of human existence, especially in relation to
others?
3. How does the speaker view social class differences and their impact on society?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 2
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
In human freedom in the philosophical sense I am definitely a disbeliever. Everybody acts not only
under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity. Schopenhauer's saying, that "a
man can do as he will, but not will as he will," has been an inspiration to me since my youth, and a
continual consolation and unfailing well-spring of patience in the face of the hardships of life, my own
and others'. This feeling mercifully mitigates the sense of responsibility which so easily becomes
paralysing, and it prevents us from taking ourselves and other people too seriously; it conduces to a
view of life in which humour, above all, has its due place.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. How does the speaker interpret Schopenhauer's statement regarding human will?
3. How does the speaker believe this perspective influences their approach to life's challenges?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 3
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
To inquire after the meaning or object of one's own existence or of creation generally has always seemed
to me absurd from an objective point of view. And yet everybody has certain ideals which determine
the direction of his endeavours and his judgments. In this sense I have never looked upon ease and
happiness as ends in themselves--such an ethical basis I call more proper for a herd of swine. The ideals
which have lighted me on my way and time after time given me new courage to face life cheerfully,
have been Truth, Goodness, and Beauty. Without the sense of fellowship with men of like mind, of
preoccupation with the objective, the eternally unattainable in the field of art and scientific research,
life would have seemed to me empty. The ordinary objects of human endeavour--property, outward
success, luxury--have always seemed to me contemptible.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. What are the ideals that the speaker values and how do they contribute to their outlook on life?
3. How does the speaker differentiate between what they consider contemptible and what they
consider worthy pursuits in life?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 4
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my
pronounced freedom from the need for direct contact with other human beings and human communities.
I gang my own gait and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friends, or even my
immediate family, with my whole heart; in the face of all these ties I have never lost an obstinate sense
of detachment, of the need for solitude--a feeling which increases with the years. One is sharply
conscious, yet without regret, of the limits to the possibility of mutual understanding and sympathy
with one's fellow-creatures. Such a person no doubt loses something in the way of geniality and light-
heartedness; on the other hand, he is largely independent of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his
fellows and avoids the temptation to take his stand on such insecure foundations.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. How does the speaker describe the contrast between their sense of social justice and their need
for solitude?
3. What does the speaker feel about their sense of detachment and solitude, and how does it evolve
over time?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 5
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
My political ideal is that of democracy. Let every man be respected as an individual and no man idolized.
It is an irony of fate that I myself have been the recipient of excessive admiration and respect from my
fellows through no fault, and no merit, of my own. The cause of this may well be the desire,
unattainable for many, to understand the one or two ideas to which I have with my feeble powers
attained through ceaseless struggle. I am quite aware that it is necessary for the success of any complex
undertaking that one man should do the thinking and directing and in general bear the responsibility.
But the led must not be compelled, they must be able to choose their leader. An autocratic system of
coercion, in my opinion, soon degenerates. For force always attracts men of low morality, and I believe
it to be an invariable rule that tyrants of genius are succeeded by scoundrels. For this reason I have
always been passionately opposed to systems such as we see in Italy and Russia to-day. The thing that
has brought discredit upon the prevailing form of democracy in Europe to-day is not to be laid to the
door of the democratic idea as such, but to lack of stability on the part of the heads of governments and
to the impersonal character of the electoral system. I believe that in this respect the United States of
America have found the right way. They have a responsible President who is elected for a sufficiently
long period and has sufficient powers to be really responsible. On the other hand, what I value in our
political system is the more extensive provision that it makes for the individual in case of illness or
need. The really valuable thing in the pageant of human life seems to me not the State but the creative,
sentient individual, the personality; it alone creates the noble and the sublime, while the herd as such
remains dull in thought and dull in feeling.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. What is the speaker's political ideal, and how does it relate to their views on individual respect
and leadership?
3. How does the speaker reflect on the admiration and respect they've received, and what do they
attribute it to?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 6
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
The fairest thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the fundamental emotion which stands at the
cradle of true art and true science. He who knows it not and can no longer wonder, no longer feel
amazement, is as good as dead, a snuffed-out candle. It was the experience of mystery--even if mixed
with fear--that engendered religion. A knowledge of the existence of something we cannot penetrate,
of the manifestations of the profoundest reason and the most radiant beauty, which are only accessible
to our reason in their most elementary forms--it is this knowledge and this emotion that constitute the
truly religious attitude; in this sense, and in this alone, I am a deeply religious man. Enough for me the
mystery of the eternity of life, and the inkling of the marvellous structure of reality, together with the
single-hearted endeavour to comprehend a portion, be it never so tiny, of the reason that manifests itself
in nature.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. What does the speaker consider to be the fairest and most profound experience?
3. What role does mystery play in the speaker's understanding of religion?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

The Devoted Friend

Oscar Wilde
Passage No. 1
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
I will give you my wheelbarrow. It is not in very good repair; indeed, one side is gone, and there is
something wrong with the wheel-spokes; but in spite of that I will give it to you. I know it is very
generous of me, and a great many people would think me extremely foolish for parting with it, but I
am not like the rest of the world. I think that generosity is the essence of friendship, and, besides, I have
got a new wheelbarrow for myself. Yes, you may set your mind at ease, I will give you my wheelbarrow.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. Describe the condition of the wheelbarrow the speaker intends to give.
3. What does the speaker believe is the essence of friendship?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 2
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
You are very lazy. Really, considering that I am going to give you my wheelbarrow, I think you might
work harder. Idleness is a great sin, and I certainly don't like any of my friends to be idle or sluggish.
You must riot mind my speaking quite plainly to you. Of course I should not dream of doing so if I
were riot your friend. But what is the good of friendship if one cannot say exactly what one means?
Anybody can say charming things and try to please and to flatter, but a true friend always says
unpleasant things, and does riot mind giving pain. Indeed, if he is a really true friend he prefers it, for
he knows that then he is doing good.
 1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.
2. What does the speaker consider to be a great sin?
3. What does the speaker believe is the role of a true friend in giving feedback?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 3
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
I really don't know what the use of sending you to school is. You seem not to learn anything. Why, if
my friend came up here, and saw our warm tire, and our good supper, and our great cask of red wine,
he might get envious, and envy is a most terrible thing, and would spoil anybody's nature. I certainly
will not allow my friend’s nature to be spoiled. I am his best friend, and I will always watch over him,
and see that he is not led into any temptations. Besides, if Hans came here, he might ask me to let him
have some flour on credit, and that I could not do. Flour is one thing, and friendship is another, and
they should not be confused. Why, the words are spelt differently, and mean quite different things.
Everybody can see that.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. How does the speaker express disappointment in the recipient's education?
3. How does the speaker distinguish between material goods and the concept of friendship?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb

Frank Arthur
Passage No. 1
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
I'd been wounded, and they'd strapped me on a stretcher and dumped me by the roadside to wait for an
ambulance - if I didn't peg out first, I wanted to die anyway, I'd nothing to live for. The pain was—
pretty bad. I guessed I fainted, When I came to, there was a Korean girl bending over me. She was about
fourteen; not pretty, of course; but friendly brown eyes, and long black plaits hanging in front of her
shoulders, she didn't say anything. She just smiled, and I smiled back. Some busy - bodics chased her
away. Then the ambulance came up, and I was jolted for miles to a hospital. The pain was much worse,
but I could bear it now. I didn't want to die any more. I wanted to live. I knew I should live. I had a
purpose. It was just for a moment or two that she and I met. We shall never meet again. But that one
meeting gave me the strength and the courage to live.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. Describe the speaker's initial emotional state and physical condition.
3. What impact does the encounter with the Korean girl have on the speaker?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 2
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
You and I are here alone for twenty minutes. We have never met before and we shall very likely never
see each other again. I often think about these chances and casual meetings we have with people;
thousands of them, in the course of a lifetime. People we pass in the street, stand behind in bus-queues,
sit next to in the theatre, and so on. There they are, living their own lives, and then, just for a brief space,
they come into your life— only to disappear, and, for all you know, to die the next day. Or perhaps
they live, forgetting you completely, long after you are dead. Your life touches another life for a minute,
or for an hour, and then it swings apart, you go your way, and I go mine.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. How does the speaker describe the transient nature of human interactions?
3. What does the speaker reflect on regarding the significance of chance encounters with
strangers?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Pakistan and the Modern World

The speech by Liaquat Ali Khan

Passage No. 1
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
It was not merely a question of religious differences, as that phrase is generally understood. It was not
merely that whereas the Muslims were monotheists, the Hindus were polytheists, or that the Muslims
believed in the Prophet of Arabia and in Christ and the prophets of the Old Testament, whereas the
Hindus did not. The differences were even more pervasive than this and created a maladjustment
between the two peoples in almost every situation of their daily lives. The Hindus believed in a caste
system, which made it a sin for those at the top of the hierarchy to cat with the so-called lower human
beings or in some cases even to touch them; the Muslims believed in the equality of all men, regarding
even priesthood as unnecessary and a negation of the bond Which exists between God and each of His
creatures. Their economic outlooks were also very different, The Muslims believed in the right of
private owner- ship for everyone, whether man or woman, and had laws of inheritance and economic
institutions, which unlike those of the Hindus were designed to promote the distribution of wealth and
discourage vast unearned accumulations.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. What fundamental religious differences existed between Muslims and Hindus according to the
speaker?
3. What social systems did Hindus and Muslims have that contrasted with each other?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.
Passage No. 2
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
Cast your mind on all the countries of Asia one after another, Almost everywhere you will see intense
nationalism, great backwardness, impatience with colonial rule and, in some, a greater or lesser degree
of democratic rule. But in many of them you will also sec internal strains, moral doubts, ideological
conflicts, waverings, hesitations and confusions. Halting democracies and ideological confusions create
great anxieties for the governments in Asia, for the people of Asia and for peace-loving and world-
minded people anywhere. In the midst of these Pakistan stands unifies. It stands unified because its
people are free from mental confusions which elsewhere create disruption and cast menacing shadows
on the future. They have chosen for themselves the part chalked out for them by their simple, practical,
clear-cut beliefs and decisions. Foremost amongst those beliefs are the belief in the supreme sovereignty
of God, belief in the equality of men, belief in democracy and the right of the people to be governed by
their own freely chosen representatives, belief in individual destiny, in the fundamental freedoms of
every single man and woman, in the right of every individual to the fruits of his own honest effort,
belief in the sanctity of human life and human liberty, belief in the sanctity of the home, belief in
universal peace but an equally strong belief in resisting agression, tyranny and exploitation. We did not
have to acquire or inculcate these beliefs after the foundation of our new state. On the contrary, we
founded a new state because we wanted to practice these beliefs without being inhibited by the
contiguity, and without being thwarted by the domination, of other conflicting ways of life. For us to
be undemocratic, or to ignore individual rights whether of property, belief or expression, or to bend
our knee to aggression is to destroy completely the very ideals which inspired us in our demand for
Pakistan.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. What distinguishes Pakistan from other countries in terms of its unity and clarity of purpose?
3. What are some of the core beliefs and values that the people of Pakistan hold dear?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 3
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
What are the demands that our freedom makes on us? Our first duty is to ourselves. I do not say this in
any spirit of selfishness chauvinism, a free people must maintain their own freedom first. Otherwise
they disgrace the fair name of free men and women all over the world, But-the maintenance of freedom
requires constant vigilance, ‘Liberty does not descend upon a people; a people must raise themselves
to it. It’s a fruit that must be earned before it can be enjoyed.’ That freedom means freedom only from
foreign domination, is an outworn idea. It is not merely governments that should be free but the people
themselves who should be free; and no freedom has any real value for the common man or woman
unless it also means freedom from want, freedom from disease, freedom from ignorance.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. What is the first duty the speaker identifies regarding freedom?
3. How does the speaker emphasize the necessity of constant vigilance in maintaining freedom?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.

Passage No. 4
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
This intensity of purpose and this firm faith have, during the last three years, been demonstrated in ways
which surprised our critics and our friends, - and in some ways went beyond our own expectations.
When British India was partitioned we, the Pakistanis, were asked to set up a new state of eighty million
people within a period of two months. We had no capital and no flag. Our administrative machinery
had to be built up from scratch. We were allotted an army, but its personnel was dispersed far and wide
and could not come together for months. We had no military equipment. Our share of the military
equipment of British India which was allotted to us on paper remains largely undelivered even today
when three years have elapsed. Being a backward people we had no industry, no engineers and
practically no traders. Within a few months of independence seven million homeless refugees driven
out of India came over to us in a miserable plight to seek shelter. Had it not been for the unity of our
people we might have floundered. But today after three years we are stronger than before. And in spite
of some very anxious moments when our international rights and our freedom seemed to be in jeopardy,
we are still free.

1. Identify the text and the author of the given text.

2. What challenges did Pakistan face during its establishment as a new state?
3. How did the Pakistani people respond to these challenges?
4. Give meaning of the italic-bold words in sequence.
5. Identify the parts of speech of the bold underlined words in sequence.
 ESSAYS

THE GAZA CONFLICT

Humanity is often depicted as a grand ideal, a concept that should bind us all together in a common
understanding of compassion, empathy, and solidarity. However, when we examine the lived
experiences of marginalized communities like the Philistines, we find a stark disconnect between this
lofty notion and the harsh realities they face. Amidst the tumult of conflicts and the struggle for justice,
it becomes evident that the gap between rhetoric and action widens, leaving countless lives fractured
and communities shattered.

In the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine, the Philistines find themselves caught in the
crossfire, bearing the brunt of the violence and displacement. Over the years, the toll of this protracted
conflict has been devastating, particularly on the most vulnerable members of society – the children.
Reports from international organizations like UNICEF paint a grim picture of the situation, with
statistics revealing that nearly a million Philistine children have suffered from the direct impact of Israeli
military actions. The blockade imposed on Gaza has further exacerbated their plight, leading to
widespread malnutrition and a lack of access to basic necessities. The events of October 7th, 2023, serve
as a chilling reminder of the indiscriminate nature of violence, as families are torn apart and
communities ravaged by the relentless onslaught.

While the international community often espouses lofty ideals of peace, human rights, and justice, the
response to the suffering of the Philistines has been marked by inconsistency and apathy. Despite
widespread condemnation of Israel's actions, meaningful action to address the root causes of the conflict
and alleviate the suffering of Philistine communities remains elusive. The failure of the international
community to hold Israel accountable for its actions only serves to perpetuate a cycle of violence and
impunity.

In contrast, when faced with external aggression, such as Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the world has
demonstrated its ability to mobilize swiftly and decisively. However, the lack of similar solidarity in
the case of the Philistines raises troubling questions about the selective nature of global empathy and
solidarity.
Closer to home, in countries like Pakistan, there is often vocal support for the Palestinian cause, with
calls to boycott Israeli products and show solidarity with Philistine communities. However, the gap
between rhetoric and action becomes apparent when we examine the disparities in resource allocation.
While millions are spent on lavish celebrations and consumerism, little attention is paid to the urgent
needs of Philistine families struggling to survive amidst the chaos of conflict.

Ultimately, the question arises: when will humanity rise to the occasion and fulfill its promise of
universal brotherhood? The answer lies not in grand gestures or empty platitudes but in concrete actions
that address the root causes of injustice and inequality. It is incumbent upon all of us to hold ourselves
accountable and actively work towards a more just and compassionate world, where the rights and
dignity of all individuals, regardless of their background or nationality, are respected and upheld. Only
then can we truly claim to be the torchbearers of humanity's highest ideals.

SAFETY MEASURES AGAINST HEAT WAVE IN SUMMER

In Pakistan, heat waves are a common occurrence during the summer months, particularly in urban
areas where high temperatures, combined with high humidity, can create dangerous conditions for
individuals. The effects of heat waves can be severe, causing dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion,
and in extreme cases, even death. Therefore, it is important to take safety measures to protect oneself
and others from the risks of heat waves in Pakistani settings.

One of the most crucial safety measures is to stay cool and hydrated. During a heat wave, it is
recommended to drink plenty of water and avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can cause dehydration.
Wearing light-coloured, loose-fitting clothes made of breathable fabrics can help keep the body cool. It
is also important to take frequent breaks in cool, shaded areas to prevent heat-related illnesses.
In addition to staying cool and hydrated, it is also essential to stay informed about weather conditions
and take necessary precautions. The Pakistan Meteorological Department issues heatwave warnings for
major cities during summers, and it is important to follow these advisories. It is also essential to check
the heat index, which takes into account both temperature and humidity levels. High humidity can make
it more difficult for the body to regulate its temperature, leading to an increased risk of heat exhaustion
and heat stroke.

Taking care of vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and young children, is also crucial during
heat waves. These individuals may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of heat, and it is important
to take extra precautions to keep them cool and hydrated. Checking on them frequently and ensuring
that they have access to cool and shaded areas can help prevent heat-related illnesses.

Finally, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses. Symptoms of
heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and headache. If left untreated,
heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke, which is a medical emergency. Symptoms of heat stroke
include a high body temperature, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. If anyone experiences
these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.

In conclusion, heat waves are a significant issue in Pakistani settings, and proper safety measures must
be taken to protect oneself and others from the risks of heat-related illnesses. Staying cool and hydrated,
staying informed about weather conditions, taking care of vulnerable populations, and being aware of
the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses are all crucial safety measures that can help prevent
the adverse effects of heat waves. By taking these precautions, we can stay safe and healthy during the
hot summer months in Pakistan.

SPORTS ARE ESSENTIAL PART OF HEALTHY LIFE

Sports are an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and they play a vital role in promoting physical and
mental wellbeing. In Pakistan, where a sedentary lifestyle is becoming more common, engaging in
sports activities can help individuals maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent chronic diseases.

One of the most significant benefits of sports is the physical benefits they provide. Engaging in physical
activity can help individuals maintain a healthy weight, improve cardiovascular health, and prevent
chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Pakistan has a high prevalence of these
chronic diseases, and engaging in sports activities can help prevent them and improve overall health
outcomes.

In addition to physical benefits, sports also have a positive impact on mental health. Physical activity
has been linked to the reduction of stress, anxiety, and depression. Engaging in sports activities can also
boost self-esteem and improve overall mood, leading to a more positive outlook on life.

Sports can also have a positive impact on social health, promoting teamwork, communication, and
social interaction. In Pakistan, where social isolation is becoming more prevalent, participating in sports
activities can help individuals build social connections and improve their overall social health.

Furthermore, sports can also have a significant economic impact in Pakistan. The development of sports
infrastructure and facilities can generate employment opportunities, boost tourism, and contribute to the
overall economic growth of the country.

Despite the benefits of sports, there are still some barriers to their promotion in Pakistan. These include
a lack of proper infrastructure, limited access to facilities and equipment, and limited support from the
government and private sector. Addressing these barriers can help promote sports activities in Pakistan
and improve the health outcomes of the population.
In conclusion, sports are an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, and they can have significant physical,
mental, social, and economic benefits in Pakistani settings. Engaging in sports activities can help
prevent chronic diseases, improve mental health, promote social connections, and boost economic
growth. Addressing the barriers to sports promotion can help increase their popularity in Pakistan,
leading to a healthier and happier population.

IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON OUR FUTURE

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing and is already having a significant impact on various
aspects of our lives. From improving healthcare to transforming the way we work and interact with
technology; the future of AI is promising. In Pakistani settings, AI can bring about significant changes
and opportunities for the country.

One of the significant impacts of AI is its potential to revolutionize healthcare in Pakistan. AI can be
used to analyze large amounts of medical data and identify patterns that can lead to the development of
new treatments and cures for diseases. This can significantly improve the health outcomes of the
Pakistani population and reduce the burden on the healthcare system.

AI can also bring about significant changes in the job market in Pakistan. While it may replace some
jobs, it can also create new ones, particularly in the field of AI development and implementation.
Additionally, AI can improve productivity and efficiency in various industries, leading to economic
growth and job creation.

Furthermore, AI can also transform the way we interact with technology. With the advancement of
natural language processing and machine learning, AI can understand and respond to human language,
leading to the development of virtual assistants and chatbots. This can significantly improve customer
service in Pakistan, leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.

However, there are also concerns about the impact of AI on our future. One of the significant concerns
is the potential loss of jobs due to automation. This can have a significant impact on the Pakistani
workforce, particularly those in low-skilled jobs.

Another concern is the potential for AI to be used for malicious purposes, such as cyber-attacks or the
development of autonomous weapons. It is essential to ensure that AI is developed and used ethically
and responsibly to avoid any negative consequences.

In conclusion, the impact of AI on our future in Pakistani settings is significant. It has the potential to
revolutionize healthcare, transform the job market, and improve the way we interact with technology.
However, it is crucial to address the potential negative consequences and ensure that AI is developed
and used ethically and responsibly to maximize its benefits for the Pakistani population.

TECHNOLOGY- PROS AND CONS

Technology has had a significant impact on our lives, both positive and negative. In Pakistani settings,
technology has brought about numerous opportunities, but also challenges that need to be addressed.

On the positive side, technology has improved communication and connectivity in Pakistan. With the
widespread use of smartphones and social media platforms, people can easily connect with each other,
regardless of their location. This has led to increased social cohesion and community building.

Additionally, technology has improved access to information and education in Pakistan. With the
internet, people can access vast amounts of information on various topics, which can lead to improved
education outcomes and increased knowledge sharing.

Furthermore, technology has brought about significant improvements in healthcare in Pakistan. With
the development of medical technology and telemedicine, people can receive medical consultations and
treatment remotely, leading to improved health outcomes, particularly in remote and underserved areas.
However, there are also negative consequences of technology that need to be addressed in Pakistani
settings. One of the significant concerns is the digital divide, where some people may not have access
to technology or may not have the necessary skills to use it effectively. This can lead to increased
inequality and social exclusion.

Another concern is the potential for technology addiction, particularly among young people in Pakistan.
With the widespread use of smartphones and social media, people may become addicted to technology,
leading to negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression.

Furthermore, there are also concerns about the impact of technology on the job market in Pakistan.
While it can create new job opportunities, it can also replace existing jobs, particularly in low-skilled
sectors. This can lead to increased unemployment and economic instability.

In conclusion, technology has both pros and cons in Pakistani settings. While it has brought about
numerous opportunities, such as improved communication, access to information and education, and
healthcare, it also has challenges that need to be addressed, such as the digital divide, technology
addiction, and potential job losses. It is essential to ensure that technology is developed and used
ethically and responsibly to maximize its benefits for the Pakistani population.

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON GENERATION Z

The advent of social media has revolutionized the way people communicate, connect, and consume
information. Generation Z, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, has grown up in a digital era
where social media plays a central role in their lives. This essay explores the profound impact of social
media on Generation Z, examining both the positive and negative aspects of this influential fact.

Social media serves as a powerful tool for self-expression and activism among Generation Z. Platforms
like Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter allow individuals to showcase their creativity, share their unique
perspectives, and engage in social and political issues. The Arab Spring, Black Lives Matter movement,
and climate change activism are contemporary instances where young activists have utilized social
media to amplify their voices and catalyze change.

Moreover, social media facilitates global connectivity, enabling Gen Z to form diverse networks and
gain exposure to different cultures. Platforms like Snapchat and WhatsApp have brought about a
borderless world where friendships transcend geographical boundaries. This interconnectedness fosters
a sense of global awareness and empathy among the younger generation.

Despite its positive aspects, the impact of social media on Gen Z is not without challenges. The constant
exposure to curated online personas can lead to issues such as low self-esteem and body image concerns.
The pressure to conform to unrealistic beauty standards perpetuated on platforms like Instagram has
been a growing concern, impacting the mental well-being of many young individuals.

Additionally, the addictive nature of social media poses a threat to productivity and mental health. The
endless scrolling through feeds and the constant need for validation through likes and comments can
contribute to anxiety and a fear of missing out (FOMO). Studies have linked excessive social media use
to increased levels of stress and a decline in overall happiness among young people.

In sum, social media has undeniably shaped the experiences and worldview of Generation Z. While it
provides a platform for self-expression, activism, and global connectivity, it also presents challenges
related to mental health and societal pressures. Striking a balance between the positive and negative
aspects of social media is crucial for Gen Z's overall well-being and the development of a digitally
literate and resilient generation. As society continues to grapple with the implications of social media,
it is essential to foster a healthy relationship with these platforms to harness their potential for positive
change.
 WAR: A MENACE TO HUMANITY
War, with its devastating consequences and profound impact on human lives, stands as a menacing
force that has plagued societies throughout history. This essay delves into the inherent threats posed by
war, examining its destructive nature and the contemporary instances that underscore its status as a
menace to humanity.

In the 21st century, the world has witnessed numerous conflicts that have resulted in widespread
suffering and displacement. The Syrian civil war, ongoing since 2011, serves as a stark example. The
conflict has led to the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives, displacement of millions, and the
destruction of infrastructure, leaving the country in ruins. The humanitarian crisis that ensued highlights
the profound impact of war on innocent civilians, stripping them of their homes, livelihoods, and, in
many cases, their lives.

Similarly, the conflict in Yemen has escalated into one of the worst humanitarian crises of our time.
The ongoing war has resulted in a dire shortage of food, medical supplies, and clean water, leaving
millions of Yemenis in a state of extreme vulnerability. The indiscriminate nature of the conflict has
led to widespread famine, disease, and a staggering loss of life, emphasizing the catastrophic
consequences war inflicts on civilian populations.

Contemporary warfare has evolved beyond traditional state-on-state conflicts, giving rise to asymmetric
warfare. Non-state actors and terrorist organizations now pose significant threats, engaging in conflicts
that often result in widespread terror and human suffering. Instances like the rise of ISIS in the Middle
East and its brutal campaigns demonstrate the capacity of non-state entities to inflict harm on civilian
populations, blurring the lines between combatants and innocent bystanders.

Beyond the immediate human toll, war also poses a grave menace to the environment and global
stability. The use of destructive weaponry and the alteration of landscapes during conflict contribute to
long-term environmental degradation. Moreover, the potential for the escalation of conflicts into larger,
global confrontations, as seen during the Cold War, presents a constant threat to international peace and
stability.
In conclusion, war remains a menacing force that brings about untold human suffering, displacement,
and destruction. The contemporary instances of conflict in Syria, Yemen, and the rise of irregular
warfare underscore the urgency of addressing the root causes of war and working towards peaceful
resolutions. As a global society, it is essential to prioritize diplomacy, conflict prevention, and the
promotion of human rights to mitigate the catastrophic consequences of war and pave the way for a
more harmonious and humane world.

THE GENERAL ELECTIONS OF 2024

The General Elections of 2024 in Pakistan were a watershed moment, encapsulating the hopes,
challenges, and complexities of the nation's democratic journey. As millions of Pakistani citizens
queued up at polling stations across the country, they not only cast their votes but also contributed to
shaping the trajectory of Pakistan's political landscape for years to come.

One of the most notable aspects of the 2024 elections was the heightened political awareness and
engagement among the electorate. With the advent of social media and increased access to information,
voters were more informed about the policies, track records, and ideologies of political parties and
candidates. This led to a more discerning electorate, demanding accountability, transparency, and
tangible solutions to the myriad challenges facing the nation, including economic instability, social
inequality, and security concerns.

Moreover, the 2024 elections witnessed the emergence of new political narratives and players. While
established political parties continued to wield influence, newer parties and independent candidates
captured the attention of the electorate, promising fresh perspectives and alternative visions for
Pakistan's future. This diversification of the political landscape injected dynamism into the electoral
process, offering voters a broader spectrum of choices and fostering healthy competition among
political entities.

However, amidst the optimism and enthusiasm surrounding the elections, challenges persisted. Reports
of electoral irregularities, including allegations of voter suppression, ballot tampering, and violence,
marred the electoral process in certain regions. Such incidents underscored the imperative of ensuring
free, fair, and transparent elections, wherein every citizen's right to vote is protected and upheld.

Furthermore, the post-election period was characterized by intense political maneuvering and coalition-
building efforts. In Pakistan's multi-party system, forming a stable government often necessitates
alliances and compromises. The ability of political actors to navigate these complexities and prioritize
the nation's interests over partisan agendas will be pivotal in determining the effectiveness and
legitimacy of the elected government.

In sum, the General Elections of 2024 in Pakistan represented a pivotal moment in the country's
democratic evolution. While they showcased the resilience and engagement of the Pakistani electorate,
they also underscored the need for continuous improvement in electoral processes and governance
structures. As the newly elected government assumes office, it must heed the voices of the people and
work tirelessly to address their aspirations, steering Pakistan towards a future defined by prosperity,
inclusivity, and stability.

PAKISTAN SUPER LEAGUE 2024

The 2024 edition of the Pakistan Super League (PSL) unfolded like a gripping cricket drama. Held from
February 17th to March 18th across four Pakistani cities, it culminated in a heart-stopping final that saw
Islamabad United emerge victorious, claiming their third PSL title. While the absence of some
international heavyweights dimmed the star power slightly, the on-field action remained electrifying.
Pakistani batsmen like Babar Azam and Mohammad Rizwan dominated the run charts, while bowlers
like Usama Mir and Shadab Khan displayed exceptional wicket-taking skills. The sheer power of the
batsmen was evident in the 205 sixes and 476 fours smashed throughout the tournament, reflecting the
aggressive and exciting brand of cricket that defines the PSL.

Islamabad United's path to glory was particularly noteworthy. They topped the group stage with a series
of convincing performances, including a dominant 39-run win against Quetta Gladiators in the playoffs.
However, the final against Multan Sultans will forever be enshrined in PSL history. With Multan
Sultans needing just 1 run to clinch victory on the last ball, Islamabad United displayed nerves of steel
and secured a pulsating 2-wicket victory. Shadab Khan, with his consistent all-round performance
throughout the season, was a deserving recipient of the Player of the Tournament award.

Despite the on-field success, the PSL 2024 wasn't without its challenges. The decision to schedule the
league alongside other tournaments limited the availability of some international players, potentially
diminishing the overall star power. Additionally, the two-time defending champions, Lahore Qalandars,
had a forgettable campaign, failing to qualify for the playoffs, leaving their passionate fan base
heartbroken.

Looking ahead, the PSL needs to address these challenges to maintain its position as a premier T20
league. Scheduling conflicts with other tournaments can be avoided through better coordination with
international cricket boards. Additionally, strategies to attract more international players, such as
improved financial incentives or scheduling adjustments, could be explored.

However, the 2024 edition served as a compelling platform showcasing the depth and talent of Pakistani
cricket. Youngsters like Usama Mir impressed with their bowling prowess, while established stars like
Babar Azam reaffirmed their batting dominance. The tournament also provided a stage for seasoned
campaigners like Imad Wasim, who emerged as a crucial player for Islamabad United with his
consistent all-round contributions.
The PSL 2024 left fans yearning for more. It was a tournament that showcased both the exhilarating
power of Pakistani cricket and the need for strategic planning to ensure the league's continued success
on the global stage. With the right approach, the PSL can undoubtedly continue to captivate audiences
worldwide and solidify its place as a premier T20 extravaganza.

RISING INFLATION IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan's economy finds itself grappling with a formidable foe – rising inflation. The once manageable
price fluctuations have morphed into a concerning trend, eroding the purchasing power of citizens and
casting a long shadow over the nation's economic stability.

Several factors contribute to this inflationary surge. One significant culprit is the persistent trade deficit.
Pakistan imports a substantial amount of goods, especially essential commodities like oil, while its
exports remain stagnant. This imbalance pushes the Pakistani Rupee downwards, making imports even
more expensive. The current global oil price hikes exacerbate the situation, further fueling inflation.

Another contributing factor is the government's reliance on indirect taxation. These taxes, levied on
goods and services, are often passed on to consumers, driving prices up. Additionally, a lack of
investment in the agricultural sector has resulted in dependence on food imports, creating vulnerabilities
to price fluctuations in international markets.

The consequences of rising inflation are far-reaching. The most immediate impact is felt by the ordinary
citizen. Everyday essentials like food, fuel, and utilities become increasingly expensive, forcing
individuals and families to tighten their belts. This disproportionately affects low-income earners, who
struggle to meet their basic needs. Savings become a distant dream as the value of money erodes,
hindering investment and economic growth.

Inflation also creates uncertainty within the business community. Businesses struggle to predict future
costs and pricing, leading to hesitancy in expansion and new ventures. This stagnation further dampens
economic activity and job creation, exacerbating the problem.

To combat this challenge, a multi-pronged approach is necessary. The government needs to prioritize
reducing the trade deficit by promoting exports and exploring import substitution options. Investment
in domestic production, particularly in the agricultural sector, will enhance self-sufficiency and reduce
dependence on external factors. Additionally, a shift towards direct taxation that burdens the wealthy
more heavily can generate revenue without squeezing the already-strained budgets of ordinary citizens.

Furthermore, the government needs to implement policies that control inflation without hindering
economic growth. This could involve measures like monitoring essential commodity prices and
cracking down on artificial shortages created by hoarders. Additionally, improving supply chains and
infrastructure can ensure smooth distribution of goods and services, potentially leading to price
stabilization.

The fight against rising inflation requires collective action. The government, businesses, and
individuals all have a role to play. Citizens can adopt responsible consumption habits and avoid panic
buying, which can exacerbate shortages and price hikes. Businesses can contribute by optimizing
production processes and minimizing unnecessary mark-ups.

Addressing rising inflation is crucial for Pakistan's economic well-being. By implementing a

comprehensive strategy that prioritizes domestic production, reduces the trade deficit, and fosters a
stable tax system, Pakistan can navigate its way out of this challenge and create a more sustainable
economic future for its citizens.

PRACTICE:
Q: Change the following into direct speech:
 1) “Have you polished my shoes, John” said Aden, “Sir I had polished them before I went to bed”,
he replied. “Then what have you been doing since morning?” asked Aden, “Nothing sir”, he
said.
2) The old women said to me, “Can you tell me if this is the place I came before?”
3) The teacher became angry with the student and said “Why have you disturbed the class in this
way? I have told you before that when I am speaking you should be silent. Leave the room and
do not return today.”
4) “We need a zebra crossing. “They said.
5) “I have organized a protest. “She said
6) “To change the rule, we had to take a vote. “They said.
7) “Could you water the plant please? “She said.
8) “Stop talking” the teacher said.
9) The servant said to the master, “Sir, somebody wants to speak to you. May I usher him in? The
master said, “yes, Khadim, bring him here.”
10) “The play is difficult”, said he to me, “you cannot understand it easily. Try to take your teacher’s
help.”
11) “You have no right to take my car without my permission,” he said crossly on my return.
12) The teacher said, “Danish why are you again late today? Have you no clock or watch in your
home? Try to be punctual. Next time if you are late I will punish you and report your
punishment to your parents.”
13) “Well”, said Imran, “And how you are getting on in your new job?” “I am doing very well”,
replied his friend Anwar. “In fact, I am expecting a substantial rise soon.”
14) “Surrender or face sure death” said the wolf to the lamb.
15) The mother said, “Ali why have you got up late? Have you no alarm? Try to get up early in the
morning. If you get up late I will punish you.”
16) “Curse it.” exclaimed the driver. “Who could have foreseen such ill-luck? But for the accident
we would have caught the train easily.”
17) The traveler said, “Can you tell me the way to the neatest inn?” “Yes” said the peasant, “do you
want one in which you can spend the night?”
18) The Examiner said to the Hamid, “stop! You can’t turn left here. Look at the road sign.”
19) “Whether you like it or not,” I said, “You will have to go. There is only one man I know who
is capable of doing the job, and that man is you. How much do you want to be paid?”
20) “Where do you live?” asked the interviewer, “Have you worked before?” I replied,
“I live in Karachi and I have three years work experience.”
21) The guide said to the traveler, “Are you alone? What is your destination?” The traveler replied,
“I have my family with me and they are staying in an inn”

Change the narration of the following sentences:

i. “How long will you take to solve this question, Raheel?” Sana said.
ii. She said to me, “Do women tend to live longer than men in the world?”
iii. The notice in the shopping mall says, “Beware of pickpockets.”
iv. The spectators said, “How fantastic the skipper plays!”
v. Grandfather said, “Hope sustains the world.”
vi. Armaan said to Ali, “ I am studying medicine these days.”
vii. Amna said to Asia, “ Will you please explain me this poem?”
viii. The teacher said to the class, “ Prepare well for the BIEK Examinations.”
ix. Ahmed said to Rashid, “ What are you doing tonight?”
x. My father said to me, “ A man is known by the company he keeps.”