Ayurveda Itihaasa 2023-24

ATREYA
 According to charaka, Atreya was a great teacher, of kayachikitsa. He

was the son of atri maharshi.
 He learned the science of life from the sage Bharadwaja and taught it to
his disciples Agnivesha, Bhela, Jatukarna, hareeta, Ksharapaani etc.
 He is also known as Bhagawan Atreya, Punarvasu Atreya, Krishna
Atreya and Chandrabhaaga.
 Bhagawan means the processor of knowledge of creation and dissolution
of the world, birth and death of creatures and also both material and
spiritual sciences. As Atreya possessed all the above he is known as
Bhagawan Atreya.
 The designation Punarvasu may be significant because Atreya was born
during the dominance of Punarvasu Nakshatra.
 The word Atreya and Punarvasu are used together in the charaka Samhita
and kashyapa Samhita.
 In Charaka Samhita, Atreya is often called Krishnaatreya, probably
because he belongs to Krishna Yajurveda Shaakha or for having Krishna
Varna.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO AYURVEDA
 The concept of tridosha and panchamahabhootaas were fully
explained by Atreya.
 The concept of Rasa, Guna, Veerya Vipaaka and Prabhaava was
explained Scientifically with the above concepts medicine passed on
from the empirical stage to the scientific stage.
 Hence Atreya can be called the Father of Scientific medicine and the
first Preceptor to teach medicine scientifically and methodically.
AGNIVESHA
 Agnivesha was the most intelligent among the six disciples of
Atreya and was the first man who composed a treatise known as
Agnivesha tantra. It was declared as the best among all the treatises
composed by the disciples of Atreya.
 Agnivesha tantra originally consisted of 12,000 verses, unfortunately
the original text is not available at present. It was redacted by charaka
and thereafter it becomes popular as Charaka Samhita.
 In total 41 chapters (i.e 17 chapters from chikitsa sthaana , 12
chapters of kalpa sthana and 12 chapters of Siddhi sthaana ) were
lost which were originally composed by Agnivesha and revised by
Charaka. Later on, those were redacted by Dridabala.
 Agnivesha was also known by the names such as Hutasha,
Hutashavesha and Vahnivesha. Hutasha and vahni are the
synonyms of Agni.
 Chakrapanidutta, while starting the commentary on charaka Samhita,
in Mangala charana refers to Agnivesha as Hutavesha.
DRIDABALA
 Dridabala was the redactor of Charaka Samhita.

 He was the son of Kapilabala.
 He was the native of “Panchanadapura”, belonging to Kashmir.
 17 Chapters in Chikitsa sthaana, and the entire kalpa sthana (12
chapters) and siddhi sthaana (12 chapters) of the treatise, Charaka
Samhita were redacted by Dridabala.
 Redactor is one who elaborates the concised concepts and concise the
elaborated concepts and tries to modernise the most ancient works
suitable to contemporary needs.
 Charaka Samhita was originally composed by Agnivesha 1000 BC;
Revised by Acharya Charaka – 3rd, 2nd century AD; and redacted by
Dridabala in 4Th century AD.
 Dridabala not only completed the 41 chapters, which were lost or left
unfinished by Charaka, but also reedited the entire book.
SHARANGADHARA
 Sharangadhara Samhita was one among Laghutrayee.

 Sarangadhara Samhita : Sharangadhara Samhita was one among Laghu
Trayee.
 The author of 'Sarangadhara Samhita' was Sarangadhara the elder son of

Damodara and the grandson of Raghavadev.
 The whole treatise consists of 3 divisions, 32 chapters and 2,600

verses.
First Division
Poorva Khanda-7 chapters.
2nd Division
Madhyama Khanda-12 chapters.
3rd Division
Uttara Khanda-13 chapters.
 Poorva Khanda deals with the types of medicinal formulations, examina-

tion of the pulse, processing the food items, numerology of diseases,
technical terminology, physiology, anatomy, physiology etc.
 Madhyama Khanda contains 12 chapters and deals with Pancha Vidha

Kashaya Kalpanas, Swarasa, Kalka, Quatha, Seeta, Phanta, Preparation of
various types of Powders, Pills, Lehyas, Oils, Asava, Arishtas, Minerals
and Metallic Preparations etc.
 Uttara Khanda contains 13 chapters and deals with Panchakarma,

hygienic principles, external applications, ophthalmic treatments etc.
 As the style of presentation was different from that of the other treatises,
many commentaries were written on this work by various scholars like
Adhamalla, Kasiram Vaidya, Rudra Bhatt etc.
 Specialty of this treatise
 Classification of the seasons according to constellations,
 Examination of the pulse.
 Definitions for various technical terms like Deepana, Pachana etc.
 Detailed classification of diseases.
 Sodhana, Marana procedures of mineral drugs.
 Importance of Panchakarma techniques in the treatment,
 Use of single drug formulations etc
Commentaries and Commentators on "Sarangadhara Samhita"
1. Dipika - Adhamalla
2. Gudartha Dipika - Kasiram Vaidya
3. Ayurveda Dipika - Rudra Bhatta.

Aswa Ayurveda
Salihotra:
He was the son of Aswaghosha.
He was born in Shalatur (Native place of Panini, famous Sanskrit grammar-

ian), near by Kandhahar (Gandhara) of Afghanistan and belonged to 1" cen-
tury BC.
He wrote a treatise titled 'Salihotra Samhita' which is also known as 'Haya

Ayurveda', 'Turanga Ayurveda', 'Aswa Ayurveda' etc. Salihotra was also
called the father of Veterinary science.
The complete text of Salihotra Samhita is available now. It has 8 divisions and
contains 12000 Slokas.
First division deals with the nature of the horses, varieties of the races and
colors, identification features of the age of the horses, methods to control the
horses, features of the horses useful for the Royal families and the kings, rules
and regulations framed in the transaction of horses etc. were discussed.
Second division contains the description of various diseases like Jwara, Soola,
Akshi roga, Atisara, Hicca, Swasa, Kamala and Visha Vignana etc.
The 3rd division dealt with the formation and the development of fetus, de- tails
about parturition and the disorders pertaining to the reproductive or-
gans. In 4th division, the disorders of the oral cavity, tongue and their
management and also the digestive problems were discussed.
Demonology, fractures and their management were discussed in the 5ª divi-

sion.
The 6th division mainly dealt with the influence of Nava Grahas over the health.
The knowledge regarding Vasti has been discussed in 7th division.

* In the 8th division prognostic signs and symptoms, description of several
herbs like Triphala, Guggulu, Haritaki, Ardraka, Sarshapa, Laksha etc. were
discussed.
Salihotra Manuscript
Salihotra mentioned the life span of different animals as follows
Elephant - 120 years

Horse - 32 yrs
Cow - 24 yrs
Camel - 25 yrs
Donkey - 25 yrs
Dog - 16 yrs
* Salihotra Samhita was translated into many languages like Farsi, Arabic and
Tibetan
The name of the Farsi translation was "Kutub Ulmulk" and it was done in the
1381AD. yearanskrit book named 'Aswasala' by Salihotra is available in the
Madras library and the Mss of Gana can be seen in Nepal. Some other Mss. of
Pasu Ayurveda named
1. Aswa Vaidyaka by Sastra Deepankara
2. Salihotra by Bhoja
3. Salihotra Samucchaya by Kalhana were also available.
* Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal published two works on Pasu Ayurveda.
1. Aswa Vaidyaka by Jaya datta suri.
2. Aswa Chikitsa by Nakula.
* Yukti Kalpa Taru' by Bhoja was published by Calcutta Orientalia series, in

which a number of diseases of the animals like horse, ox etc. and their treat-
ment was also described.
* S. Gopalan was the editor for Aswa Sastra by Nakula, which was published by
Saraswati Mahal Library, Tanjore in the year 1952.
Antah Sangna Bhavantyete Sukha Duhkha Samanvitah"
As plants have life, they also experi- ence happiness and misery.
That means the healthy plants look pleasant and yield the products having
highest potency. Where as the plants affected by the pests don't grow properly
and can't possess the required potency.
Vrikshayurveda in essence is Vanaspathika Jivana Vignana-the science of

growing trees. It is a discipline said to have been well-established even be fore
sixth Century A.D.
* In Vatsayana's Kamasutra, Vrikshayurveda is mentioned as one of 64 Kalas or

arts recognized in ancient India. It included the construction and maintenance of
gardens and parks for health, recreation and enjoyment.
* Texts such as Garuda Purana also dealt with the laying out of pleasure gar-
dens and pavilions along with notes on construction of religious, military and
residential buildings.
* In Koutilya's time there was a separate department entrusted with the care of
gardens and forests.
To protect the plants from pests, the plant science was developed, which
provided the knowledge of Physiology, Pathology, Horticulture and the
treatment of the plants.
* Along with the horticultural practices, management and maintenance prac

tices for parks and gardens too came to be formulated.
* Surapala wrote a book on 'Vrikshayurveda'. In the preface the author refers to

the contents of Varahamihira's Brihat Samhita, sixth Century and
Sarangadhara's Sarangadhara Paddhati, 13th Century. In the text Sarangadhara
Paddhati, nearly 236 Slokas were written regard
ing the plant science. Sri Girija Prapanna Majumdar wrote a book on plant
science entitled Upavana Vinoda
Raghava Bhatt in his treatise, 'Vrikshayurveda' described many plants, the pests,
line of treatment and also the useful herbs in a systematic way.
Vavilla Ramaswamy Sastrulu & Sons published a book in Telugu by name
Vrikshayurveda
Late Sri Achanta Lakshmipati also published a book on plant science through
Ayurveda Siksha Series, Madras.
Palakapya:
* Gaja Ayurveda or Hasti Ayurveda is also one of the im- portant branches of
Pasu Ayurveda.
The popular treatises on Gaja Ayurveda are Hasti Ayurveda and Gaja Sastra
written by Palakapya Rishi, the son of Sanagayana
He was an expert in domesticating the wild elephants in the court of Raja

Romapada (Lomapada), the king of Anga Desa. He belonged to 1st century BC.
* Anandashram Sanskrit Series, Pune, published Hasti Ayurveda in the year

1849. • Saraswati Mahal Library, Tanjore, published Gaja Ayurveda in the year
1958, for which Sri K.S. Subrahmanya Shastry was the editor. • Hasti Ayurveda
consists 160 chapters and was divided into 4 parts such as
a) Maha Roga Sthana
b) Kshudra Roga Sthana
c) Salya Sthana
d) Uttara Sthana
‘Antah Sangna Bhavantyete Sukha Duhkha Samanvitah"
Vrikshayurveda in essence is Vanaspathika Jivana Vignana-the science of

growing trees. It is a discipline said to have been well-established even be fore
sixth Century A.D.
* Texts such as Garuda Purana also dealt with the laying out of pleasure gar-
dens and pavilions along with notes on construction of religious, military and
residential buildings.
* In Koutilya's time there was a separate department entrusted with the care of
gardens and forests.
To protect the plants from pests, the plant science was developed, which
provided the knowledge of Physiology, Pathology, Horticulture and the
treatment of the plants.
* Surapala wrote a book on 'Vrikshayurveda'. In the preface the author refers to

the contents of Varahamihira's Brihat Samhita, sixth Century and
Sarangadhara's Sarangadhara Paddhati, 13th Century. In the text Sarangadhara
Paddhati, nearly 236 Slokas were written regarding the plant science.
Sri Girija Prapanna Majumdar wrote a book on plant science entitled Upavana
Vinoda.
Raghava Bhatt in his treatise, 'Vrikshayurveda' described many plants, the pests,
line of treatment and also the useful herbs in a systematic way.

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ATREYA

 According to charaka, Atreya was a great teacher, of kayachikitsa. He

 Dridabala was the redactor of Charaka Samhita.

 Sharangadhara Samhita was one among Laghutrayee.

 The author of 'Sarangadhara Samhita' was Sarangadhara the elder son of

 The whole treatise consists of 3 divisions, 32 chapters and 2,600

 Poorva Khanda deals with the types of medicinal formulations, examina-

 Madhyama Khanda contains 12 chapters and deals with Pancha Vidha

 Uttara Khanda contains 13 chapters and deals with Panchakarma,

 Classification of the seasons according to constellations,

 Examination of the pulse.

 Definitions for various technical terms like Deepana, Pachana etc.

 Detailed classification of diseases.

 Sodhana, Marana procedures of mineral drugs.

 Importance of Panchakarma techniques in the treatment,

 Use of single drug formulations etc

Commentaries and Commentators on "Sarangadhara Samhita"

2. Gudartha Dipika - Kasiram Vaidya

3. Ayurveda Dipika - Rudra Bhatta.

He was the son of Aswaghosha.

He was born in Shalatur (Native place of Panini, famous Sanskrit grammar-

He wrote a treatise titled 'Salihotra Samhita' which is also known as 'Haya

Demonology, fractures and their management were discussed in the 5ª divi-

The knowledge regarding Vasti has been discussed in 7th division.

Salihotra mentioned the life span of different animals as follows

Elephant - 120 years

1. Aswa Vaidyaka by Sastra Deepankara

3. Salihotra Samucchaya by Kalhana were also available.

* Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal published two works on Pasu Ayurveda.

1. Aswa Vaidyaka by Jaya datta suri.

2. Aswa Chikitsa by Nakula.

* Yukti Kalpa Taru' by Bhoja was published by Calcutta Orientalia series, in

Vrikshayurveda in essence is Vanaspathika Jivana Vignana-the science of

* In Vatsayana's Kamasutra, Vrikshayurveda is mentioned as one of 64 Kalas or

* Along with the horticultural practices, management and maintenance prac

* Surapala wrote a book on 'Vrikshayurveda'. In the preface the author refers to

He was an expert in domesticating the wild elephants in the court of Raja

* Anandashram Sanskrit Series, Pune, published Hasti Ayurveda in the year

a) Maha Roga Sthana

b) Kshudra Roga Sthana

Vrikshayurveda in essence is Vanaspathika Jivana Vignana-the science of

* Surapala wrote a book on 'Vrikshayurveda'. In the preface the author refers to

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