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    Common Isotopes and Their Uses

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    Common Isotopes and Their Uses

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    COMMON-ISOTOPES-AND-THEIR-USES

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    Common Isotopes and Their Uses

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    COMMON ISOTOPES

    AND THEIR USES


    for General Chemistry 1/ Grade 12
    Quarter 1
    OBJECTIVES
    At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
    K : identify common isotopes and their uses.
    S : write the isotopic symbol of an isotope.
    A : appreciate the role played by isotopes in human lives.

    LEARNING COMPETENCY
    - Recognize common isotopes and their uses (STEM_GC11AM-
    Ic-e-19).

    I. WHAT HAPPENED
    PRE-ACTIVITY/PRE-TEST

    A. Multiple Choice. Read carefully and choose the letter that best
    corresponds to your answer. Write your answers in your notebook.

    1. Isotopes are atoms with a variable number of


    a. electrons c. protons
    b. neutrons d. ions

    2. Which of the following is not true about the isotopic symbol Cu?
    a. The isotope has 29 protons.
    b. The isotope has 35 neutrons.
    c. The isotope has 35 electrons.
    d. The isotope has a mass number of 64.

    3. Complete the following sentence: “Different isotopes of the same


    element have…’
    a. …the same number of protons, but differing number of
    neutrons and electrons
    b. …the same number of neutrons, but differing numbers of
    protons and electrons
    c. …the same number of protons and neutrons, but differing
    number of electrons
    d. …the same number of protons and electrons, but differing
    number of neutrons
    4. There are how many naturally occurring isotopes of uranium?
    a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

    5. In the isotope carbon-14, what does the number 14 represent?


    a. total charge c. number of electrons
    b. mass of the atom d. atomic number

    6. What is the name given to the element hydrogen when it has no


    neutrons?
    a. protium c. deuterium
    b. tritium d. this isotope does not exist

    7. This isotope is used as nuclear power plant fuel and nuclear


    reactors that run naval ships and submarines.
    a. uranium-235 c. uranium-234
    b. uranium-238 d. all of these

    8. NMRI in the field of medicine stands for


    a. nucleus magnetic radiation imaging
    b. nuclear magnetic radiation imaging
    c. nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
    d. nucleus magnetic resonance imaging

    9. These are atoms of the same element having the same atomic
    number but different atomic mass.
    a. ions c. isotopes
    b. elements d. none of these

    10. If an atom’s atomic number is given by Z, its atomic mass by A,


    and its neutron number by N, which of the following is correct?
    a. N = A + Z c. N = A – Z
    b. N = Z – A d. none of the above
    II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
    DISCUSSION:

    ISOTOPES

    What are isotopes?

    Atoms of the same element can have a different number of


    neutrons. This means that they have different mass numbers but the
    same atomic number. These atoms are referred to as isotopes
    which follow the same configuration for elements.
    A neutral hydrogen atom which consists of only one proton
    and one electron has three different isotopes – protium, deuterium,
    and tritium.

    Protium Deuterium Tritium

    hydrogen-1 hydrogen-2 hydrogen-3


    Z=1 Z=1 Z=1
    A=1 A=1 A=1

    Figure 1. Isotopes of hydrogen


    Z – atomic number; A – mass number

    Another way of representing isotopes is by writing the element


    name or symbol followed by a hyphen and then the mass number.
    Thus, protium, deuterium, and tritium may be written as hydrogen-
    1 (H-1), hydrogen-2 (H-2), and hydrogen-3 (H-3), respectively.
    COMMON ISOTOPES AND THEIR USES

    Many isotopes are used in different industries. Naturally


    occurring uranium consists of 99.3% uranium-238, 0.711% uranium-
    235 and 0.006% uranium-234. These percentages are referred to as
    isotopic abundances. Uranium isotopes are principal fuels for
    nuclear reactors. Uranium-238 is also used to determine the age of
    sediments from marine environments. Carbon has several known
    isotopes however naturally occurring carbon consists of 98.93% of
    carbon-12 and 1.07% of carbon-13. Its other isotopes are short-lived
    and are present in very small amounts. An example is carbon-14
    which is used in the carbon dating of archaeological materials.

    Isotopes are also utilized in medicine. In radioisotope therapy,


    iodine131 is taken orally to help treat thyroid cancer. Radiation
    from technetium-99 is used to produce images of specific organs in
    the body for medical diagnosis and treatment.

    Table 1. Common isotopes and their uses.


    Isotope Applications/Uses
    Carbon-14 Carbon dating of organisms and substances
    Cobalt-60 Radiation therapy to prevent cancer
    Iodine-131 Help treat thyroid cancer
    Technetium-99 Locate brain tumors and damaged heart cells,
    radiotracer in medical diagnostics
    Thallium-201 Determine damage in heart tissue, detection of
    tumors
    Uranium-238 Determine the age of sediments from marine
    environments
    Uranium-235 Nuclear power plant fuel and nuclear reactors
    that run naval ships and submarines.
    Carbon-11 Tagged onto glucose to monitor organs during
    a positron emission tomography (PET) scan
    SCIENCE CONNECTIONS
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Developed in 1971 by American
    chemist Paul Lauterber, nuclear
    magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI, or
    simply MRI) is a procedure used in the
    medical field to produce high-quality
    images of certain internal parts of the
    body for diagnostic purposes. Isotopes
    commonly used as imaging agents
    include technetium-99, iodine-131, https://www.northcanyon.org/wp -

    indium-111 and gallium-67. content/uploads/2018/08/diagnostic -imaging -mri-scans.jpg

    MRI is considered safer than X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan


    because MRI does not utilize ionizing radiation that may be harmful to the cells.
    However an MRI scan is more expensive and time-consuming. Moreover,
    patients with cardiac pacemakers and other metallic implants cannot be
    subjected to an MRI scan because the magnetic field used in the procedure
    can cause the device to malfunction.

    Sample Problem

    The radioactive decay of cobalt-60 emits gamma radiation,


    which is used to kill microorganisms in raw food.
    a. Determine the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons in
    the isotope.
    b. Write its isotopic symbol.

    Solution:
    a. Cobalt has an atomic number (Z) of 27 which is equal to the
    number of protons in an atom of cobalt-60. Its mass number is
    (A) 60. Therefore,
     number of protons = 27
     number of electrons = number of protons = 27
     number of neutrons = A – Z = 60 – 27 = 33

    b. Its isotopic symbol is


    III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
    EVALUATION/POST TEST:

    A. Multiple Choice. Read carefully and choose the letter that best
    corresponds to your answer.
    1. Which carbon isotope is used in determining the age of
    archeological materials?
    a. carbon-11 c. carbon-13
    b. carbon-12 d. carbon-14

    2. The following isotopes are commonly used as imaging agents


    except
    a. technetium-99 c. iodine-131
    b. indium-111 d. uranium-238

    3. Why is MRI considered safer than X-ray and CT scans?


    a. does not utilize ionizing radiation that may be harmful to
    the cells
    b. the procedure is inexpensive and not time-consuming
    c. magnetic field used in MRI cannot cause the pacemaker
    to malfunction
    d. all the above

    4. There are how many naturally occurring isotopes of carbon?


    a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

    5. Isotopes of an element have nuclei with


    a. the same number of protons but a different number of
    neutrons
    b. the same number of protons, and the same number of
    neutrons
    c. a different number of protons and a different number of
    neutrons
    d. a different number of protons and the same number of
    neutrons
    B. Matching Type. Match the isotope and its corresponding
    application to the industry and medicine. Write the letter that
    corresponds to your answer on each item in your notebook.

    ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS

    1. Thallium 2011 a. Radiation therapy to prevent


    cancer
    2. Carbon – 14 b. Determine the age of
    sediments from marine
    environments
    3. Cobalt- 60 c. Help treat thyroid cancer
    4. Iodine-131 d. Determine damage in the
    heart, detection of tumors
    5. Uranium-238 e. Carbon dating of organisms
    and substance

    REFERENCES

    Duerdecker, Samantha 2019. Physical and Chemical Researcher of


    Matter, Powered by Monster. Reference on
    https://chem.labretext.org.(Bookshelves)/ Inorganic_Chems

    Herzog, Gregory F. “Isotope | Examples & Definition.”


    Encyclopædia Britannica, 15 Oct. 2018,
    www.britannica.com/science/isotope.

    “Stable Isotopes | IAEA.” Iaea.org, 15 July 2016,


    www.iaea.org/topics/nuclear-science/isotopes/stable-
    isotopes.

    “Isotope Meaning - What Are Isotopes? (Definition and Examples).”


    BYJUS, byjus.com/chemistry/isotope-meaning/

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