KS4 Higher U9

Master Check up Strengthen Extend Test ready Unit test
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9 Equations and
inequalities
Prior knowledge
9.1 Solving linear inequalities

Homework
• Solve inequalities and show the solution on a number line and
using set notation.
Warm up
1 Fluency Which is true for −2 < x < +2?
A x lies between −2 and +2 but is equal to neither.
B x is greater than +2 and less than −2.
C x is greater than or equal to −2 and less than or equal to +2.
D x is equal to either −2 or +2.
2 Write the inequalities that these number lines represent for x.

a b
x x
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
c
x
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 Solve to find x.
a 5 − 4x = 3 b 4 − 2x = 6 − 3x
c 4x = 2(2 − x) d 9 − 5x = 21 + x
4 Write down the integers that satisfy each inequality.

a −5 < x ⩽ 3
b 0<x⩽4
c −3 ⩽ x < 3
d −2 < x ⩽ 1
Exam-style question
5 a
−3 < n ⩽ 1 where n is an integer.
Write down all the possible values of n. (2 marks)
b Write down the inequality represented on the Exam tip
number line.
The number line is labelled n, so
use n in your inequality.
n
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
(2 marks)
283
Key point
You can solve an inequality in the same way as you solve an equation.
6 Solve these inequalities, by rearranging to x < u or x > u

a x+2 > 3 b x−1 < 0
c 3x + 1 > 4 d 5x − 3 < 2
Key point
You can write the solution to an inequality using set notation.
{x : x > 2}
the set of x such that
7 {x : x > 3} means ‘the set of all x values such that x is greater than 3’.
Write the meaning of each of these sets.
a {x : x < 2} b {x : x ⩽ −2}
c {x : x ⩾ 0} d {x : x > −1}
Example
Solve 3x − 2 ⩾ 6 − x
Write the solution set using set notation.
3x ⩾ 6 − x + 2 Add 2 to both sides.
Add x to both sides.

4x ⩾ 8
Divide both sides by 4.
x⩾2
In set notation: {x : x ⩾ 2} This tells us that there is a set of values of x, not just one value.
8 Solve each inequality and show your answer on a number line.

Write the solution set using set notation.
a 4x > 12 b 5x + 3 ⩾ 13
c 3x − 5 > 4 d 2x + 3 ⩽ 7
Exam-style question Exam tip

9 2x + 5 ⩾ 10, where x is an integer. Use the inequality symbol on
Find the smallest value of x. (3 marks) each line of your working.
10 Solve these inequalities and write the solution using set notation.
a 3(x − 2) > 6 b 4x − 5 ⩽ 2x + 9
c 2(x − 1) < 5x + 7 d 2(3x + 4) > 4x − 3
e 3(4 − 2x) ⩽ 2(2x − 3) f 2(7 − 3x) ⩾ 6(3x + 1)
284 Unit 9 Equations and inequalities

Key point
When inequalities have a lower limit and an upper limit, solve the two sides separately.
11 Write −7 < 2x + 1 ⩽ 5 as two inequalities:

−7 < 2x + 1 and 2x + 1 ⩽ 5
Solve each one separately.
Then combine the solutions to u < x ⩽ u
12 Solve each inequality and write the solution using set notation.
2x 3x − 1
a −5 < 2x + 1 ⩽ 9 b − 2 ⩽ _ ⩽ 6 c −1 < _
⩽ 2
3 4
Exam-style question
13 a Solve 10x < 7x + 9. (2 marks)
b On a copy of the number line below, show the set of values for which
−3 < x + 1 ⩽ 2
x (3 marks)
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
14 Problem-solving A ball thrown in the air travels at speed s = (20 − 4t) metres per second,
where t is the time after being thrown.
For which values of t is the speed between 5 m/s and 15 m/s?
Multiply both sides of the inequality 5 > 3 by −1.

15 a
Is the inequality still true?
b Divide both sides of the inequality 8 < 16 by −2.
Is the inequality still true?
c Reflect Explain what happens when you multiply or divide an inequality by a negative number.
Key point
When you multiply or divide an inequality by a negative number, reverse the inequality signs.
16 Solve these inequalities.

a 11 − x ⩾ 7
b −3x < 9
c 6 − 5x ⩽ 2
d −8 < −x < −2
e −4 < −2x < 10
f −8 < 4 − 3x ⩽ 10
17 Solve these inequalities and write the solution using set notation.
a 3(x + 2) ⩾ 2x + 3
b −3 < 2x + 1 ⩽ 9
c −2 > 4(1 − x) ⩾ − 8
18 Find the integer values of x that satisfy both of these inequalities.

4 − 3x < 5 and 2x − 3 ⩽ 4
Unit 9 Equations and inequalities 285
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9.2 Solving quadratic equations 1

Homework
• Rearrange and solve quadratic equations.
• Find the roots of quadratic equations.
Warm up
1 Fluency Write the two square roots of these numbers.
a 100 b 144 c 49
2 Find two integers whose product is −12 and whose sum is 4.
3 Factorise
2 2 2
a x − 5x b y −4 c x + 3x − 10
Key point
Solving a quadratic equation means finding values for the unknown that fit.
4 Solve to find the value of z, following these steps.

2
1 Rearrange each equation to make z the subject.
2 Square root both sides to find two possible values of z.
2 2 2
a 3z = 108 b 2z + 1 = 33 c 4z − 100 = 0
5 Solve these quadratic equations.

2 2 2
a 4x = 64 b 2x + 3 = 101 c 7x − 175 = 0
2
6 Reasoning Show that x = −3 is a solution of the equation 2x − 3 = 15
Example
2
Solve x + 2x − 8 = 0
Factorise.
(x + 4)(x − 2) = 0
So either x + 4 = 0 or x − 2 = 0 The product of the factors is 0 so one or both factors equals 0.
x = −4 or x = 2
Solve the linear equations.
Key point
2
You can solve equations of the form x + bx + c by factorising.
7 Solve
2 2 2
a x − 10x + 24 = 0 b x + 2x − 24 = 0 c x + 10x + 24 = 0
2 2 2
d x + x − 30 = 0 e x − x − 30 = 0 f y +y−2 = 0
2 2 2
g y + 3y + 2 = 0 h y −y−2 = 0 i y − 3y − 10 = 0

8 a
Use this graph to solve the y
2
equation x + x − 6 = 0. 6
2 5 y = x2 + x − 6
b Factorise x + x − 6 = 0 to show
4
that you get the same solution.
3
2
1
−4 −3 −2 −1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
9 Reasoning
2
a Show that x + 5x = 0 is equivalent to x(x + 5) = 0
b Explain why x(x + 5) = 0 implies that either x = 0 or x + 5 = 0
2
c Show that x = 0 and x = −5 both satisfy the equation x + 5x = 0
10 Solve
2 2 2 2
a x + 7x = 0 b y − 4y = 0 c 2y − 8y = 0 d 12y + 3y = 0
11 Reasoning y
10 y = x2 − 4x + 4
2
a Use this graph to explain why x − 4x + 4 = 0 9
has only one solution. 8
2
b Factorise x − 4x + 4 = 0 to show that you 7
get the same solution. 6
5
4
3
12 Solve 2
2 2
a x − 6x + 9 = 0 b x + 6x + 9 = 0 1
2 2
c x − 10x + 25 = 0 d x + 14x + 49 = 0
2 2 −2 −1 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
e x + 22x + 121 = 0 f x − 18x + 81 = 0 −1
Key point
The roots of a quadratic function are its solutions when it is equal to zero.
13 Factorise each function to find its roots.

2 2 2 2
a x − 16 b 4−y c x − x d x − 2x
2 2 2 2
e t + 5t + 6 f 2r − 8 + r g 12 − 7s + s h m + 3m – 10
14 Solve Q14a hint

2 2
a x + 7x = −6 b x + x = 12
2 2
Rearrange into the form
c x + 8 = 6x d x = 7x 2
x + x + = 0
15 Problem-solving Write any function that has the roots x = 4 and x = −6.
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9.3 Solving quadratic equations 2

Homework
• Solve more complex quadratic equations.
• Use the quadratic formula to solve a quadratic equation.
Warm up
1 Fluency What two values of x satisfy
2 2 2
a x = 25 b x = 64 c x = 225?
2 Solve
2 2 2
a x + 4x + 3 = 0 b x + 5x + 4 = 0 c x − x − 6 = 0
3 Expand and simplify

a (2x + 1)(x + 3) b (3x − 1)(x + 2) c (2x + 2)(x − 4) d (4x − 3)(x + 4)
4 Use your calculator to evaluate each expression.

Give your answers correct to 2 decimal places.
_ _
−3 + √
_ 28 5−√
12
a
b _
6 10
5 Simplify
_ _
_ _ _ −3 + 3 √
2 −4 + 2 √
3
a
24
√ b
28
√ c
√40 d _ _
e

3 4
x+1
6 Reasoning Write and solve an equation to find x.
a
b Reflect Explain why only one of the solutions is
Area = 30 m2 x
a value for x.
7 Problem-solving Rugs are rectangles of different sizes.

A small rug has dimensions a × a.
A large rug has dimensions 2a × (a + 1).
2
The area of the large rug is 12 m .
What are the dimensions of the small rug?
Example
2
Solve (x + 2) = 7. Square root both sides.
_
x + 2 = ± √
7 _ ± means ‘plus or minus’.
x = − 2 + √
7 _
_ + √
7 gives one solution.
or x = − 2 − √7
_
− √
7 gives the other solution.
8 Write two solutions in surd form for each equation.

2 2 2 2
a x = 5 b (x + 1) = 5 c (x − 1) = 5 d 2(x − 1) = 5

2
9 Solve (x − 3) = 7. Write the solutions using surds,
Give your solutions correct to 3 significant figures. then evaluate.
(2 marks)
Key point
2
A quadratic expression is in the form ax + bx + c, where a, b and c are numbers.
2
10 Copy and complete to factorise 2x + 3x − 5.
a a = 2, b = 3, c = −5 2
Compare with ax + bx + c
ac = u
b u × u = −10
u+u = 3 Find two factors whose product is ac and whose sum is b.
c 2x + 3x − 5
2
Use the two factors to split the x term.

2x2 + 5x − 2x − 5
Factorise each pair of terms.
d x(2x + u) − (2x + u)
e (2x + u)(x − 1) Factorise.
11 For Q10c Casey wrote 2x2 + 3x − 5

Show that this expression
factorises to (2x + 5)(x − 1). 2x2 − 2x + 5x − 5
12 Factorise
2 2 2
a 2x + x − 3 b 2x + 5x − 3 c 5x + 7x + 2
2 2 2
d 5x + 11x + 2 e 3x − 17x + 10 f 3x − 11x + 10
2
Reasoning Show that the method used in Q10 works to factorise x + x − 42.
13 a
2
b Reflect Explain which method you prefer for factorising quadratic expressions ax + bx + c
where a = 1, and why.
14 Solve
a (2a + 5)(a − 8) = 0 b (2x − 9)(3x + 12) = 0
c (3y − 4)(2y + 5) = 0 d (4b − 3)(3b − 8) = 0
2
Copy and complete to solve 5x + 15x + 10 = 0.
15 a
2
5x + 15x + 10 = 0
2
5(x + u + u) = 0 Take out the common factor.
2
x + u + u = 0 2
5 ≠ 0, so x + + =0
(x + u)(x + u) = 0
x = u or x = u
b Solve
2 2 2
i 4x − 6x − 18 = 0 ii 6x + 9x − 15 = 0 iii 4x − 6x − 4 = 0

16 Problem-solving Gerri has a patio that is 4 m × 5 m. x
2
She has 10 m of turf and wants to use it to make a border 5m
round the patio that is the same width all round.
a Write an equation for the area of the grass border. 4m
x x
b Gerri uses all her turf. Solve to find x.

2
17 Solve, by factorising, the equation 8x − 2x − 21 = 0. Expand the brackets in your
(3 marks) answer to check you get back to
the original equation.
Key point _
−b ± √
2
b − 4ac
You can use the quadratic formula x = _______________
  
    to find the solutions to a quadratic
2
2a
equation ax + bx + c = 0.
Example
2
Solve x + 4x + 2 = 0. Give your solutions in surd form.
2
Compare with ax + bx + c. Write the
a = 1, b = 4,_____________
c=2
values of a, b and c.
−4 ± √
2
4
   − 4 × 1 × 2
x = ____________
     
_ ×1
2 Substitute a, b and c into the quadratic
±
−4 8
√ formula.
= _
2 _
− 4 ± 2 √2 _ You are asked to give your solutions in
_
=    = − 2 ± √2 surd form, so simplify the surd.
2 _ _
The solutions are x = − 2 + √ 2 and x = − 2 − √
2
+ gives one solution and – gives the other.
18 Solve these equations, giving your solutions in surd form.

2 2 2 2
a x + 5x + 5 = 0 b x + 7x + 2 = 0 c x + 2x − 2 = 0 d x − 2x − 6 = 0
2 2 2 2
e 3x + 9x + 5 = 0 f 3x + 9x − 5 = 0 g 3x − 9x − 5 = 0 h 5x − 8x + 2 = 0
19 Solve these equations using the quadratic formula. Give your solutions correct to 2 decimal places.
2 2 2
a x + 6x − 10 = 0 b 2x − 5x − 6 = 0 c 3x + 2x − 2 = 0
2 2 2
d 2x + 3x − 8 = 0 e 8x − 15x + 3 = 0 f 6x + 7x − 1 = 0
2
Rearrange 2x − 7x = 15 so the right-hand side is 0.
20 a
b Solve your equation from part a
i by finding factors of −15 ii by using the quadratic formula
c Reflect Does it matter which method you use? When is it better to use the formula?

2
21 Solve 5x + 6x − 4 = 0. You must know the quadratic
Give your solutions correct to 3 significant figures. formula in the exam. Always make
(3 marks) sure you give your answer exactly
as the exam question asks.
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9.4 Completing the square

Homework
• Complete the square for a quadratic expression.
• Solve quadratic equations by completing the square.
Warm up
1 Fluency What is an integer?
2 Expand and simplify

2 2 2 2 2
a (x + 4) b (x − 3) c (2x + 3) d (x + 2) + 4 e (x + 1) + 7
3 Which of these expand and simplify to give an x term of 2x?

2 2 2 2 2
A (x + 4) B (x + 2) C (x + 1) D (x − 2) E (x − 4)
4 Simplify these surds.

_ _ _ _ _
a
45
√ b
32
√ c
√48 d √90 e
√75
5 Solve these equations, giving your answers in surd form.

2 2 2
a (x + 1) = 7 b (x − 3) = 7 c 2(x − 3) = 7
6 Write a quadratic expression for the area of the large square.

5
x x
Key point
Expressions such as (x + 2) , (x − 1) and ( x +  _21  ) are called perfect squares.
2 2 2
2
7 Write these as perfect squares, (x + p)
2 2
a x + 6x + 9 b x + 8x + 16
2 2
c x + 10x + 25 d x − 12x + 36
2
8 Expand and simplify (x + 2)
a
2
b Write these expressions in the form (x + 2) + q
2
i x + 4x + 5
2
ii x + 4x + 6
2
iii x + 4x − 1

Example
2 2 Separate the x terms from the number term.
Write x + 2x + 7 in the form (x + p) + q,
where p and q are integers. 2
Find the perfect square that gives the correct x and
2
[x + 2x] + 7 x terms, then subtract the number term to make the
2 2
x + 2x ≡ (x + 1) − 1 identity true.
2 2
Substitute the identity into the original expression.
So [x + 2x] + 7 = [(x + 1) − 1] + 7
2
= (x + 1) + 6 Simplify the expression.
2 2
Compare (x + 1) + 6 with (x + p) + q and write down
So p = 1 and q = 6
the values.
Key point
x + bx + c can be written in the form ( ) − ()
2 2
b b
x+_ _
2
+ c
2 2
This is called completing the square.
2
9 Write these in the form (x + p) + q, where p and q are integers.
2
a x + 2x − 1
2
b x + 8x
2
c x + 12x
2
d x + 6x + 11
2
e x − 6x + 11
Exam-style question
2 2
10 Write x + 14x − 1 in the form (x + a) + b, where a and b are integers. (2 marks)
11 Copy and complete to solve the quadratic equation, giving your answer in surd form.
2
x + 4x + 1 = 0 Complete the square.
2
(x + u) − u + 1 = 0

2
(x + u) = u Solve this equation.
12 Solve these quadratic equations, giving your answers in surd form where necessary.
2 2
a x + 2x − 5 = 0 b x − 2x − 5 = 0
2 2
c x + 6x + 7 = 0 d x − 6x − 7 = 0
2 2
e x + 8x + 9 = 0 f x − 8x − 9 = 0
2 2
13 Copy and complete to write the expression 3x − 12x − 1 in the form a(x + p) + q.
2
3x − 12x − 1 = 3[u − u] − 1 2
Take out a = 3 as a common factor of the x and x terms.
2
= 3[(x − u) − u] − 1
2 Complete the square for the expression inside the brackets.
= 3(x − u) − 12 − 1
2
= 3(x − u) − u Simplify to a(x + p) + q
2

Key point
ax + bx + c can be written as a( a x)+ cbefore completing the square for the expression
b
x + _
2 2
inside the brackets.

2
14 Write these in the form a(x + p) + q.
2 2 2
a 2x + 12x + 1 b 2x − 12x + 1 c 3x − 6x + 5
2 2 2
d 3x − 6x − 5 e 5x + 10x + 25 f 4x + 12x − 7
15 Solve these equations by completing the square.

Give your answers in surd form.
2 2 2
a 2x − 12x + 7 = 0 b 3x + 12x − 1 = 0 c 5x + 10x + 3 = 0
2 2
Divide all the terms of 4x − 8x − 16 = 0 by the common factor of 4x , −8x and −16.
16 a
b Solve the resulting equation by completing the square.
Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
c Reflect Which is more accurate, giving an answer as a surd or to 2 decimal places?
17 Solve these quadratic equations by completing the square.

2 2 2
a 2x + 4x − 8 = 0 b 3x + 6x − 10 = 0 c 4x + 6x − 5 = 0
18 Copy and complete to solve the quadratic equation. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
2
6x + 3x − 1 = 0
6 [ u +  _21   x ] − 1 = 0
Take out a = 6 as a common factor.
6[    ]− 1 = 0
(x +  _41  ) − ___
2 u
Complete the square.
u
6 (x +  _41  ) − __
2
6
16
− 1 = 0
6 (x +  _41  ) −  ___  − 1 = 0

2 3
Simplify __
166
u
6 (x +  _41  ) = ___
2 u
    Collect like terms.
8
(x +  4 ) =    
1_ 2 11
___
Divide both sides by 6.
u ___

u
__
u
x +  ___  = ± ___
    
u √ 48 Square root both sides.
x = √__
11
 48    − uor x = − u − u
x = u or x = u (to 2 d.p.)

2
19 Solve 6x + 3x − 13 = 0 by completing the square. When you are told the method
Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. to use, make sure you use this
(3 marks) method.

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9.5 Solving simple simultaneous equations

Homework
• Solve simple simultaneous equations.
• Solve simultaneous equations for real-life situations.
Warm up
1 Fluency Which of these have the value 0 for any value of the variable?
A −3y + (−3y) B 2y − (−2y) C −4x + 4x D −3z − (−3z)
2 Rearrange these equations to make b the subject.

a b − 12 = 2a b 2b + 6c = 10 c 5a − 3b = 5
3 Write an equation for each of these.

a The sum of x and y is 12. b The difference between x and y is 4.
4 Draw graphs to solve these simultaneous equations.

x+y = 7
2x − y = 8
Example
Solve these simultaneous equations algebraically.
x + y = 6 and 3x − y = 10
x+y = 6 (1)
Write the equations one above the other and number them.
3x − y = 10 (2)
(1) x+y = 6 The y terms have opposite signs, so add the equations to
(2) 3x − y = 10 eliminate them.
(1) + (2) 4x + 0 = 16
Solve to find x.
x=4
Substitute the x-value into one of the equations and solve to
4+y = 6 find y.
y=2 Write both the solutions.

x = 4, y = 2
Check: 3 × 4 − 2 = 10 ✓ Check the solutions satisfy the other equation.
Key point
When there are two unknowns, you need two equations to find their values.
These are called simultaneous equations.
5 a
Solve these simultaneous equations algebraically.
x+y = 7
2x − y = 8
b In Q4 you solved these equations using graphs. Are your solutions the same?

6 Solve these simultaneous equations algebraically.
Start by adding the two equations to eliminate terms.
a 2x − y = 4 b x + 2y = 9 c −x + 5y = 4 d 2x + 3y = 0
3x + y = 11 3x − 2y = −5 x − 2y = 2 −2x + 8y = 22
7 Solve these simultaneous equations algebraically. First eliminate terms by adding or subtracting.
a 5x + y = 15 b 2x + 3y = 18 c 3x + 2y = 10 d 4x − y = 1
2x + y = 3 −2x + 5y = 14 3x − 4y = 16 x − y = 7
e 4x − 3y = 10 f 4x − y = 0 g 3y + x = 6 h 4x − 3y = 4
5x − 3y = 14 2x + y = 3 6y − x = −3 12x + 3y = 8
8 Problem-solving The sum of two numbers is 23 and their difference is 5.

Let the two numbers be x and y.
Write two equations and solve them to find the two numbers.
Key point
You can solve simultaneous equations by
Elimination – making the coefficients of one variable the same in both equations, and then either
adding or subtracting the equations to eliminate this variable
Substitution – substituting an expression for x or y from one equation into the other equation.
9 Anthony solves simultaneous equations using this substitution method.
3x − y = 8 (1)
x+y = 4 (2)
y = 4−x Write one of the equations with y as the subject.
3x − (4 − x) = 8
Substitute y = 4 − x into equation (1).
3x − 4 + x = 8
3x + x − 4 = 8
4x = 12
x=3 Solve for x.
3+y = 4
y=1 Substitute the x-value into the other equation.
So x = 3, y = 1
(1) (3 × 3) − 1 = 8 ✓ Check that the solutions satisfy both equations.
(2) 3+1 = 4 ✓
Solve these simultaneous equations using Anthony’s method.

a y = −6 b y = x+3 c y − 3x = 0 d 2x − y = 0
3x + 2y = 30 x + y = 20 2x + 2y = 24 5x + 4y = 26
10 Problem-solving Two meals and a bottle of mineral water cost £29.

A meal costs £10 more than the bottle of mineral water.
a Let the cost of a meal be x and the water be y. Write an equation for the first sentence.
b Write an equation for the second sentence.
c How much is one meal?
d How much is a bottle of water?
11 Copy and complete to solve the simultaneous equations.
a 4x − 2y = 14 (1) b Add equations (1) and (3). Find x.
3x + y = 18 (2) 4x − 2y = 14 (1)
×2 ×2
x + 2y = (3) ux + 2y = 36 (3)
ux + 0 = u
x=u
c Substitute your value of x into equation (1) to find y.
12 Use the method in Q11 to solve these simultaneous equations.

a 5x − 3y = 23 b 3x + y = 4 c 4x − 2y = 1 d 3x + 2y = 3
2x + y = 18 5x + 2y = 10 6x − 4y = 1 6x + 3y = 4

13 Solve the simultaneous equations Substitute your values of x and
4x + 3y = 5 y back into each equation to
2x + y = 3 (3 marks) check they fit.
14 5x + y = 0
x + 5y = 0
a First solve the simultaneous equations by multiplying the first equation by 5.
b Solve by multiplying the second equation by 5.
c Reflect Does it matter which equation you multiply?
15 Solve these simultaneous equations.

a 3x − 2y = −12 b 5x − 3y = 7 c 6x + y = 6 d 4x + 4y = 1
x + 4y = 10 x + 6y = −25 10x + 2y = 11 2x − 8y = 8
16 Problem-solving Pete buys 2 lamb chops and 2 burgers and pays £7 for them.
At the same shop Jamie buys 3 lamb chops and 4 burgers and pays £11.
How much does a burger cost?
17 Future skills A telephone company charges £x per month for a basic line rental and
then £y per 100 minutes.
Justin pays £18 for 200 minutes. Teresa pays £21 for 300 minutes.
a Work out the cost of the monthly rental.
b How much would Caron pay for 400 minutes?
Exam-style question
18 5 teas and 4 biscuits have a total cost of £12.10.
3 teas and 2 biscuits have a total cost of £6.90.
Work out the cost of one tea and the cost of one biscuit. (4 marks)

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9.6 More simultaneous equations

• Use simultaneous equations to find the equation of a straight line.
• Solve linear simultaneous equations where both equations are multiplied. Homework
• Write equations involving two unknowns to describe real-life situations,
and then solve them.
Warm up
1 Fluency What is the equation of a straight line?
2 Multiply each equation by 4. a 2x + 3y = 6 b x − 6y = 7
3 Solve these simultaneous equations. a y + 2x = 8 b 3y + 2x = 14

2y − 2x = 4 5y + x = 14
4 Follow these steps to find the equation of the line through the points (2, 5) and (3, 8).
a Write the equation of a line through (2, 5), by substituting x = 2 and y = 5 into y = mx + c.
b Write the equation of a line through (3, 8).
c Solve your simultaneous equations from parts a and b to find m and c.
d Substitute your values of m and c from part c into y = mx + c.
5 Find the equation of the line through the points (6, −3) and (−2, 5).
Exam-style question
6 A is the point with coordinates (3, 11). B is the point with coordinates (d, 17).
The gradient of line AB is 3. Work out the value of d. (3 marks)
Key point
To solve simultaneous equations, you may need to multiply the equations by different numbers so
that you can add or subtract to eliminate a variable.
Example
Solve these simultaneous equations. 5x + 2y = 16 Multiply equation (1) by 3 and equation (2)
4x − 3y = −1 by 2 to make the coefficients of y equal.
(1) 5x + 2y = 16 (1) × 3: 15x + 6y = 48 (3)
(2) 4x − 3y = −1 (2) × 2: 8x − 6y = −2 (4) Add the equations to eliminate y.
(3) + (4): 23x = 46
Substitute the x-value into one of the
x = 2 original equations.
10 + 2y = 16
2y = 6 Write both the solutions.
y = 3
x = 2, y = 3 Check the solutions satisfy the other
Check: 4 × 2 − 3 × 3 = 8 − 9 = −1 ✓ equation.

Give your answers as decimals where necessary.
a 5x + 3y = 13 b 3x + 2y = 13
4x − 2y = 6 4x + 3y = 18
c 4x − 7y = 1 d 2x + 5y = 24
3x − 10y = 15 3x − 7y = −22
e 4x + 1.5y = 7 f 3.6x + 5y = 28
5x + 2y = 8 4.8x − 7y = 10
g 2x + 5y = 19.6 h 5x − 3y = −11.25
3x − 2y = 0.9 7x + 4y = −9.6
8 Problem-solving Hire charges for a mini bus consist of £x fixed charge + y pence
for each mile of the journey.
A hire for 20 miles costs £25.
A hire for 30 miles costs £30.
How much would a hire for 50 miles cost?
9 Problem-solving Daniel pays for two children and four adults to go into a sports centre.
His friend pays for three adults and three children.
Daniel pays £9.20 for the tickets and his friend pays £8.40.
How much is an adult ticket and how much is a child’s ticket?
10 Problem-solving Amy buys two bananas and three pears in a shop and pays £1.95.
At the same shop Jacob buys three bananas and five pears and pays £3.05.
What is the cost of a pear? What is the cost of a banana?

11 Solve the simultaneous equations Number the equations and
3x − 4y = 5.4 show any multiplying, adding or
9x + 5y = 8.55 (3 marks) subtracting clearly.
12 Problem-solving A van can carry 300 kg.

Two possible maximum loads are 4 bags of cement and 7 bags of sand,
or 6 bags of cement and 3 bags of sand.
What is the mass of a bag of sand? What is the mass of a bag of cement?
13 The diagram shows a rectangle with all measurements in metres. 2a + 1
a Write down a pair of simultaneous equations in a and b.

Rearrange your equations so that they are both ua + ub = u
b Solve the equations. 4b − 2 4a
c Give the dimensions of the rectangle.
9−b

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9.7 Solving linear and quadratic

simultaneous equations Homework
• Solve simultaneous equations with one quadratic equation.
Warm up
1 Fluency Which of these equations is
a linear b quadratic c a circle?
x2 − 4x + 2 = 0 y = 4 − 3x
x2 + y2 = 16 y+x=4
2 Solve these quadratic equations.

2 2 2
a x + 3x − 4 = 0 b 2x − x − 3 = 0 c 6x + 10x − 4 = 0
3 Use the quadratic formula to solve these equations.

2 2 2
a x + 3x − 5 = 0 b 3x − x − 3 = 0 c 2x + 5x − 3 = 0
Example
Solve these simultaneous equations.
2x + y = 3 (1)
2
x + y = 6 (2)
y = 3 − 2x Rearrange the linear equation to make y the subject.
2
x + (3 − 2x) = 6
2
x − 2x + 3 = 6 Substitute y = 3 − 2x into the quadratic equation.
2
x − 2x − 3 = 0 Expand the bracket then rearrange so the right-
(x + 1)(x − 3) = 0 hand side is 0.
So either x + 1 = 0 or x − 3 = 0
x = −1 or x = 3 Solve the quadratic equation by factorising.
2 × (−1) + y = 3 Substitute x = −1 into the linear equation to find

−2 + y = 3 one value of y.
y=5
2×3+y = 3 Substitute x = 3 into the linear equation to find the
second value of y.
6+y = 3
y = −3
So the solutions are x = −1, y = 5
Write the pairs of solutions.
and x = 3, y = −3

Key point
A pair of quadratic and linear simultaneous equations y
can have two possible solutions.
solution 1 solution 2
O x

Give your answers correct to 2 decimal places where appropriate.
a y=x b 2x − y = 7 c y − 4x = 6
2 2 2
x + y = 12 x − 15 = y y = 2x + 3x + 5
d y = 5x − 3 e y + 3x = 8 f 2y − 4x = 6
2 2 2
y = 3x + 6x − 7 y = x + 2x + 4 y = x + x − 5
Key point
To find the coordinates where two graphs intersect, solve their equations simultaneously.
2
5 Reasoning The diagram shows a sketch of the curve y = 4(x − x).
The curve crosses the straight line with equation y = 4 − 4x at two points.
Find the coordinates of the points where they intersect.
y = 4(x2 − x)
y
O 1 x

2 2 2
a y = 2x + x − 2 b y = 4x − x − 6 c y = x + 6x + 5
x + y = 2 y = 2 − x y = 5 + x
2
d y = 3x − 4x − 2 e y = 2x − 1 f 3y = x + 6
2 2
2x − y = 3 4x − y = −13 −2x + y = 7
7 Reasoning The diagram shows a rug laid on a wooden floor.

Its width is 2 m less than the width of the room.
a Write an equation to represent the width of the room (y).
2
b Write an equation to represent the area of the rug, which is 3 m .
c Use these two equations to find the value of x and hence the width of the room (y).
Wooden floor
x Rug
2x + 1
y

2
8 Problem-solving A curve with equation y = x − 4x −1 crosses a straight line
with equation y = 2x − 1 in two places.
Find the coordinates of the points where they intersect.
Exam-style question
2
9 C is the curve with equation y = x − 6x + 6.
L is the straight line with equation y = 2x − 9.
L intersects C at two points, A and B.
Calculate the exact length of AB. (6 marks)
10 Reasoning The diagram shows a circle of diameter 4 cm with centre at the origin.
a Write the equation for the circle.
b Use an algebraic method to find the points where the line y = 2x − 1 crosses the circle.
y
2
−2 −1 O 1 2 x
−1
−2

Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.
2 2
a x + y = 28
y = x+3
2 2
b x + y = 35
5x − y = −2
2 2
c x + y = 50
y − 2x = 3
Exam-style question
2 2
12 a On graph paper, draw the graph of x + y = 6.25. (2 marks)
b Hence find estimates for the solutions of the simultaneous equations
2 2
x + y = 6.25
3x − y = 1 (3 marks)
Exam-style question
13 Solve algebraically the simultaneous equations
2 2
x − 3y = 6
2x + 5y = 1 (5 marks)

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9 Check up Homework
Inequalities
1 Find the possible integer values for x that satisfy the inequality −10 < −5x ⩽ 25.
2 Solve the inequality −3 < 2x − 3 ⩽ 6.

a
b Write the solution using set notation.
x−2
Quadratic equations
3 Write and solve an equation to find x. x−4 Area = 3 m2
4 Solve
2 2
a x + 3x = 0 b 2x + 2x − 12 = 0
2
5 Factorise 3x − 4x − 4.
2
6 Use the quadratic formula to solve x − 2x − 6 = 0.
Give your answer in surd form.
2 2
7 Write x + 6x + 3 in the form (x + p) + q.
2
8 Solve x + 6x − 3 = 0 by completing the square, giving your answer in surd form.
Simultaneous equations
a 2x + y = 12 b 2x − 3y = 10
3x + 2y = 17 3x + 2y = −4.5
10 Find the equation of the straight line through the points (4, 5) and (0, −3).

2x + y = 5
2
x + 2x = y
12 Reflect How sure are you of your answers? Were you mostly
Just guessing Feeling doubtful Confident
What next? Use your results to decide whether to strengthen or extend your learning.
Challenge
13 a
My daughter’s age in 3 years’ time will be the square of her age 3 years ago.
How old is she now?
b Write a problem like this for a friend.
Check that it works and that you can find the answer.

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9 Strengthen Homework
Inequalities
1 Solve −6 < 3x ⩽ 3, by dividing each term by 3.
a
b Solve −8 ⩽ −4x < 12, by
i dividing each term by −4 and reversing the signs, u ⩾ x > u
ii then rewriting in numerical order, u < x ⩽ u
c Solve these inequalities, by dividing each term by −1.
i 2 < −x ⩽ 5 ii −3 ⩽ −x < 2 iii −5 < −x ⩽ −1
2 Solve 2 < 3x − 1
a
b Solve 3x − 1 < 11
c Use your answers from parts a and b to write u < x < u
Find the possible integer values for x that satisfy 2 < 3x − 1 < 11
3 Find the possible integer values for 4 < 2x + 5 ⩽ 9. Q3 hint

Follow the method used in Q2.
4 In set notation, x ⩽ _ 32  is {
x : x ⩽ _ 32  }.
Write these inequalities in set notation.
a x>4 b x < _87 c 0 ⩽ x < 3.5 d −2 < x ⩽ 5
Quadratic equations
1 x(x + 7) = 0
This means that either x = 0 or x + 7 = 0.
Write two possible values of x.
2
2 Factorise x + 5x
a
2
b x + 5x = 0
Copy and complete.
This means that either x = 0 or u + u = 0
Write two possible values of x.
3 Find two numbers whose product is −12 and whose sum is −1.
a
2
b Use your answer to part a to factorise x − x − 12.
(x + one factor)(x − other factor)
2
c Solve x − x − 12 = 0
4 Solve
2 2 2
a x + 3x − 18 = 0 b x − 7x + 12 = 0 c x + 2x − 15 = 0
5 A rectangle is x cm long and (x − 2) cm wide. Write an expression for its area.

a
b A square has side (x + 4). Write an expression for its area.

6 The diagram shows a rectangle. x+1
a Write an expression for the
area of the rectangle. x−2
2
b The area of the rectangle is 4 m .
Write an equation for this.
c Rearrange your equation so you have 0 on the right-hand side.
d Solve this equation to find x.
7 a Write down the factor pairs of −6.

b Try each factor pair in these brackets.
(2x + u)(x + u)
2
Which pair gives 2x + x − 6 when you expand?
2
c Solve 2x + x − 6 = 0
8 Solve
2 2
a 3x + 5x − 12 = 0 b 3x − 2x − 8 = 0
2 2
c 4x − 14x + 12 = 0 d 4x − 19x + 12 = 0
2
9 A quadratic equation is in the form ax + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are numbers.
What are the values of a, b and c in each of these equations?
2
a 2x + 3x + 1 = 0
2
b 2x − 4x − 6 = 0
2
c 3x + 4x − 1 = 0
2
10 What is the value of b − 4ac for each equation in Q9?
_
−b ± √
2
b − 4ac
11 Use the quadratic formula x = ____________
   to solve the equations in Q9.
2a
12 a
Expand
2
i (x + 3)
2
ii (x − 5)
2
b Predict what the x term will be when you expand (x + 6)
c Expand to check your prediction.
13 a
Copy and complete.
2 2
(x + u) = x + 4x + u
2 2
(x + u) − u = x + 4x
2 2
b Write x + 4x = 8 as (x + 2) − u = 8
2
Simplify to (x + 2) = u
c Solve your equation from part b.
14 a
Copy and complete.
2 2
(x − u) = x − 6x + u
2 2
(x − u) − u = x − 6x
2
b Solve x − 6x = 9 by completing the square.

Simultaneous equations
1 3x + y = 10
Find the value of y when x = 2.
2 For each pair of equations

i copy the equations and circle the terms that have the same number in both
ii if both circled numbers have the same sign, subtract one equation from the other;
if the circled numbers have different signs, add the two equations
iii find the values of x and y.
The first pair is started for you.
a 2x + 3 y = 7 b 4x − 3y = 7 c 5x − 2y = 13 d −3x + y = −7
5x + 3 y = 13
2x + 3y = 17 3x − 2y = 7 3x − 2y = 2
3 For each pair of simultaneous equations

i write down what you need to multiply equation (2) by,
to get the same number in front of both y terms
ii multiply equation (2) by this number to produce equation (3)
iii solve equations (1) and (3)
a 3x + 2 y = 17 (1) b 5x + 3 y = 26 (1)
2x + y = 11 (2) 2x − y = 6 (2)
× ×
+ 2y = (3)
c 7x − 5y = 9 (1) d 3x − 8y = 11 (1)
3x + y = 7 (2) 5x − 2y = 41 (2)
4 Here are two simultaneous equations. 5x + 2 y = 17 (1)

a What is the LCM of the two circled numbers?
4x + 3 y = 15 (2)
b Multiply equation (1) so that the number in front of the y
is your answer to part a.
c Repeat part b for equation (2).
d Solve your pair of equations from parts b and c.
2
5 Here are two simultaneous equations. x − 2x − y = 6
5x + y = 4
a Rearrange 5x + y = 4 to make y the subject.
2
b Substitute your answer to part a in place of y in x − 2x − y = 6
c Simplify the equation by collecting the x terms.
d Rearrange so the right-hand side is 0.
e Solve the quadratic equation.
f Substitute both values of x into 5x + y = 4 to find both values of y.
2
6 Solve these simultaneous equations. x + 4x − y = 4
y+x = 2

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9 Extend
1 The product of two consecutive positive numbers is 30. Q1a hint
a Write this using algebra.
Use x for the first number.
b Solve your equation to find the two numbers. The next consecutive number is
x+
2
2 A lawn is 4 m longer than it is wide. The total area of the lawn is 30 m .
What is its perimeter? Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
2 2
3 Write 3x + 2.4x in the form a(x + p) + q. State the values of a, p and q.
4 Reasoning The football pitch in the diagram 4x + 5

2
has area 7140 m .
What are the dimensions of the pitch? Area = 30 m2 3x − 7
5 The diagram shows a 6-sided shape.

All the corners are right angles and all x
the measurements are in centimetres. 2x + 1
2
The area of the shape is 75 cm .
2
4
a Reasoning Show that 2x + 5x − 75 = 0.
2
b Solve the equation 2x + 5x − 75 = 0. x
6 Reasoning The diagram shows 2y + 2 Q6 hint

a rectangle.
All sides are measured in Write two simultaneous
x − 14 y questions and solve them.
centimetres.
Jean says the perimeter of the
rectangle is more than 75 cm. x
Show that Jean is correct.
Exam-style question
7 The straight line L1 passes through the points with coordinates (2, 2) and (5, 11).
The straight line L2 passes through the origin and has gradient −2.
The lines L1 and L2 intersect at point P.
Find the coordinates of P. (4 marks)
Exam-style question
2
8 The nth term of a sequence is given by an + bn where a and b are integers.
The 2nd term of the sequence is 8.
The 4th term of the sequence is 40.
Find the 6th term of the sequence. (4 marks)

2 2x + 5
9 Reasoning This trapezium has area 20 m .
The area of a trapezium is given by the x
= _ 21   (a + b) h.
formula A
Find the value of x.
x+2
10 Problem-solving A pond is 8 m wide by 10 m long. 8m

It has a path around it that is exactly the same width all round.
The area of the path is 80% of the area of the pond. 10 m
How wide is the path?

y = x + 3 and x − 2y = −1
12 Solve x − 4 < 3x + 6 ⩽ 9.
Write the solutions using set notation.
13 a
Reasoning Expand and simplify the left-hand side to show that
2 2 2
(x + p) + q = x + 2px + p + q
2 2
b Jake uses this method to write x + 4x + 5 in the form (x + p) + q.
2 2 2 2
(x + p) + q = x + 2px + p + q = x + 4x + 5
Comparing the x terms: 2px = 4x so 2p = 4, p = 2
2
Comparing number terms: p + q = 5
4 + q = 5
q = 1
2 2
So (x + p) + q = (x + 2) + 1
2
Use Jake’s method to write these expressions in the form (x + p) + q
2 2 2 2
i x + 6x + 15 ii x + 8x – 3 iii x – 4x + 2 iv x + 3x + 7
Exam-style question
14 The table shows some values x 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
_ _
of x and y that satisfy the equation y 3 4 3 + 3
√ 5 √3 + 3 4 3
y = a sin x° + b
Find the value of y when x = 45. (4 marks)
Working towards A level

2 2
15 Given that x − bx + 9a ≡ (x − 2a) + 5, work out the two pairs of values of a and b.
In some A level questions it isn’t immediately obvious Q15 hint
what strategy to use.
In an identity the algebraic expressions on
2
16 a Factorise y − 13y + 36. both sides are equivalent. The coefficients
4 3 2 of like terms are equal. Set up equations
x + x − 6 x
b By factorising fully, simplify ____________
   4 2
in a and b and solve them simultaneously.
x − 13 x + 36
At A level, the answer to one part of a question is Q16b hint
2
often linked to a later part. Here the answer to part a is The denominator is a quadratic in x , so
2
directly related to factorising the denominator in part b. replace y in the factors from part a by x .

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9 Test ready
Summary of key points
To revise for the test:
• Read each key point, find a question on it in the mastery lesson, and check you can work out
the answer.
• If you cannot, try some other questions from the mastery lesson or ask for help.
Key points
1 You can solve an inequality in the same way as you solve an equation. 9.1
2 You can write the solution to an inequality using set notation. {x : x > 2}
the set of x such that 9.1

3 When inequalities have a lower limit and an upper limit, solve the two sides separately. 9.1
4 When you multiply or divide an inequality by a negative number, reverse the
inequality signs. 9.1
5 Solving a quadratic equation means finding values for the unknown that fit. 9.2
2
6 You can solve equations of the form ax + bx + c by factorising. 9.2
7 The roots of a quadratic function are its solutions when it is equal to zero. 9.2
2
8 A quadratic expression is in the form ax + bx + c, where a, b and c are numbers. 9.3
9 You can use the quadratic formula
_
−b ± √
2
b − 4ac
x = ____________
  

2a
2
to find the solutions to a quadratic equation ax + bx + c = 0 9.3
10 Expressions such as (x + 2) , (x − 1) and ( x +  _21  ) are called perfect squares.
2 2 2
9.4
11 x + bx + c can be written in the form ( ) − ( ) + c

2 2
b b
x+_ _
2
2 2
This is called completing the square. 9.4
12 ax + bx + c can be written as a( a x)+ cbefore completing the square for the
b
x + _
2 2
expression inside the brackets. 9.4

13 When there are two unknowns, you need two equations to find their values.
These are called simultaneous equations. 9.5
14 You can solve simultaneous equations by
Elimination – making the coefficients of one variable the same in both equations,
and then either adding or subtracting the equations to eliminate this variable.
Substitution – substituting an expression for x or y from one equation
into the other equation. 9.5
15 To solve simultaneous equations, you may need to multiply the equations by
different numbers so that you can add or subtract to eliminate a variable. 9.6

Key points
16 A pair of quadratic and linear simultaneous y
equations can have two possible solutions.
solution 1 solution 2
O x
9.7
17 To find the coordinates where two graphs intersect,
solve their equations simultaneously. 9.7
Sample student answers

Exam-style question
Solve algebraically the simultaneous equations
2 2
x + y = 41
y − 2x = 14 (5 marks)
Three students’ attempts to answer the question are shown.
Student A
2 2
x + y = 41
_
x + y = √ 41
Student B
y = 2x + 14
2 2
x + (2x + 14) = 41
2 2
x + 4x + 196 = 41
Student C
y = 2x + 14
2 2
x + (2x + 14) = 41
2 2
x + 4x + 56x + 196 − 41 = 0
2
5x + 56x + 155 =0
_______________
− 56 ± √
2
5  6 − 4 × 5 × 155 31
x = ____________________
   
  = − 5 or − _
10 5
a Explain what Students A and B have done wrong.

b Why is Student C unlikely to gain full marks?

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9 Unit test Homework
2
1 Factorise 9x – 3x – 2. (2 marks)
2
2 Solve the quadratic equation 15 = 2x − 7x. (3 marks)
3 a One side of a rectangular room is 2 m longer than the other side.
Write the area of the room as an expression in x (the length of the shorter side). (1 mark)
2
b The area of the room is 15 m . What is the value of x? (3 marks)
2
4 Solve the equation 3x − 2x − 2 = 0.
Give your solutions correct to 3 significant figures. (3 marks)
5 A picture frame is designed to take a 6 cm × 8 cm picture.
6 cm
8 cm
2
The border is exactly the same width all round and its area is 32 cm .
How wide is the border? (4 marks)
a 3x − 2y = 12
4x + 2y = 9 (3 marks)
b x + 2y = 18
2x + 3y = 5 (3 marks)
7 Jay buys 2 apples and 3 pears in a supermarket and pays £1.90.
He later returns and buys 4 pears and 5 apples and pays £3.35.
Find the cost of one apple and the cost of one pear. (4 marks)
8 Find the integer x that satisfies both the inequalities
x + 4 > 5 and 3x − 4 < 5 (3 marks)
9 a Solve the inequality 2y + 6 < 4y + 7. (2 marks)
b Solve the inequality −3 < 2(4 − x) ⩽ 6.
Write the solution using set notation. (3 marks)

10 Solve these simultaneous equations algebraically.
2 2
x + y = 25
y − 2x = −10 (5 marks)
2
11 This trapezium has area 3 m .
2x + 6
3x + 8
The area of a trapezium is given by the formula A = _ 12  (a + b) h

Find the value of x. (4 marks)
2 2
12 Write 2x +12x + 13 in the form a(x + p) + q. (3 marks)
2
13 The diagram shows a sketch of the curve y = 2x + 4x − 2.
y y = 2x2 + 4x − 2
O x
−2
The line y = 6 − x crosses the curve at points A and B.

Use an algebraic method to find the coordinates of A and B.
Give your answers to 1 decimal place. (4 marks)
(TOTAL: 50 marks)
2 2
14 Challenge Show that the line x + y = 7 does not intersect the circle x + y = 12.
15 Reflect For this unit, copy and complete these sentences.
I showed I am good at _________
I found _________ hard
I got better at _________ by _________
I was surprised by _________
I was happy that _________
I still need help with _________

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Master Check up Strengthen Extend Test ready Unit test

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9.1 Solving linear inequalities

2 Write the inequalities that these number lines represent for x.

4 Write down the integers that satisfy each inequality.

6 Solve these inequalities, by rearranging to x < u or x > u

the set of x such that

Add x to both sides.

8 Solve each inequality and show your answer on a number line.

Exam-style question Exam tip

284 Unit 9 Equations and inequalities

11 Write −7 < 2x + 1 ⩽ 5 as two inequalities:

Multiply both sides of the inequality 5 > 3 by −1.

16 Solve these inequalities.

18 Find the integer values of x that satisfy both of these inequalities.

9.2 Solving quadratic equations 1

2 Find two integers whose product is −12 and whose sum is 4.

4 Solve to find the value of z, following these steps.

5 Solve these quadratic equations.

286 Unit 9 Equations and inequalities

13 Factorise each function to find its roots.

14 Solve Q14a hint

9.3 Solving quadratic equations 2

3 Expand and simplify

4 Use your calculator to evaluate each expression.

7 Problem-solving Rugs are rectangles of different sizes.

8 Write two solutions in surd form for each equation.

288 Unit 9 Equations and inequalities

Use the two factors to split the x term.

11 For Q10c Casey wrote 2x2 + 3x − 5

Unit 9 Equations and inequalities 289

Exam-style question Exam tip

18 Solve these equations, giving your solutions in surd form.

Exam-style question Exam tip

9.4 Completing the square

2 Expand and simplify

3 Which of these expand and simplify to give an x term of 2x?

4 Simplify these surds.

5 Solve these equations, giving your answers in surd form.

6 Write a quadratic expression for the area of the large square.

Unit 9 Equations and inequalities 291

292 Unit 9 Equations and inequalities

inside the brackets.

15 Solve these equations by completing the square.

17 Solve these quadratic equations by completing the square.

6 ​​(x + ​ _41 ​)​​​ ​ − ​ ___ ​ − 1 = 0​

Exam-style question Exam tip

Unit 9 Equations and inequalities 293

9.5 Solving simple simultaneous equations

2 Rearrange these equations to make b the subject.

3 Write an equation for each of these.

4 Draw graphs to solve these simultaneous equations.

y=2 Write both the solutions.

294 Unit 9 Equations and inequalities

8 Problem-solving The sum of two numbers is 23 and their difference is 5.

9 Anthony solves simultaneous equations using this substitution method.

Solve these simultaneous equations using Anthony’s method.

10 Problem-solving Two meals and a bottle of mineral water cost £29.

12 Use the method in Q11 to solve these simultaneous equations.

6 (x +  _41  ) −  ___  − 1 = 0

9.7 Solving linear and quadratic

7 a Write down the factor pairs of −6.

the set of x such that 9.1

11 x + bx + c can be written in the form ( ) − ( ) + c

expression inside the brackets. 9.4

The area of a trapezium is given by the formula A = _ 12  (a + b) h