AP9 – LUYỆN THI LỚP 10

CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP 2 – VERB TENSES (PART 2)

III. Perfect tenses :
1. Present perfect :
(a) Form:
Statement Negative Question

I/you/we/they have I/you/we/they have not (haven’t) Have I/you/we/they

(’ve) played… played… played…?
He/she/it has (’s) He/she/it has not (hasn’t) played… Has he/she/it played…?
played…

(b) Usage:
Use Example

Situations that started in the past Mrs Jenkins has been the head teacher for three
and are still true years.

Completed actions at a time in the I’ve already read that book.

past which is not mentioned

Completed actions where They’ve all done their homework.

important thing is the result now

(c) Notes:
- The present perfect is often used with the following words and phrases:
● for She’s taught German here for over five years.
● since Mr Gray has taught French here since 2006.
● just We’ve just done this exercise.
● already We’ve already done this exercise.
● yet We haven’t checked the answers yet.
● ever Have you ever had guitar lessons?
● never I’ve never understood why they give us so much
homework!
● it’s the It’s the first time we’ve watched a video in
first time class.
 AP9 – LUYỆN THI LỚP 10

- Past simple or present perfect?

⮚ We don’t use the present perfect when we want to say when something happened in
the past. We use the past simple.
Example: I did my homework last night.
⮚ We don’t use the past simple when we want to show that something happened before
now or is still important now. We use the present perfect.
Example: I’ve finished! Can I go home now?
- Some verbs have irregular past participle form.
2. Past perfect:
(a) Form:

Statement Negative Question

I/you/we/they/he/ I/you/we/they/he/she/it had not Had

she/it had (’d) (hadn’t) played… I/you/we/they/he/she/it
played… played…?

(b) Usage:
Use Example

Actions and states before a I’d finished my homework a few minutes before the
moment in the past lesson started.
Mrs Cross had been a teacher for twenty years
before she became a head teacher.

Finished actions and states where We were happy because we’d all done our
the important thing is the result at homework.
a moment in the past

(c) Notes:
- The past perfect is often used with the following words and phrases:
● by I’d finished my homework by eight o’clock.
● by the time By the time I got to class, the lesson had started.
● before The teacher had checked the answers before the lesson.
● after I left after I’d finished the test.
● just Simon had just finished the test when the bell rang.
 AP9 – LUYỆN THI LỚP 10

● when I left when I’d finished the test.

- Whether we use the past simple or past perfect can change the meaning of a sentence.
Example:
The lesson started when I arrived. (= I arrived and then the lesson started.)
The lesson had started when I arrived. (= The lesson started and then I arrived.)
3. Future perfect:
(a) Form:
Statement Negative Question

I/you/we/they/he/she/it I/you/we/they/he/she/it will Will

will have (’ll have) played… have not (won’t have) I/you/we/they/he/she/it
played… have played…?

(b) Usage:
Use Example

Actions or states before a He will have finished his work by 9 o’clock.

moment in the future
Taxi will have arrived by the time you finished dressing.

IV. Perfect continuous tenses:

1. Present perfect continuous:
(a) Form:
Statement Negative Question

I/you/we/they have I/you/we/they have not Have I/you/we/they been

(’ve) been playing… (haven’t) been playing… playing…?
He/she/it has (’s) been He/she/it has not (hasn’t) been Has he/she/it been
playing… playing… playing…?

(b) Usage:
Use Example

Actions continuing We’ve been doing grammar exercises for over an hour. Can we
up to now or just have a break now?
before now
They’re having a break now because they’ve been working so hard.

(c) Notes:
 AP9 – LUYỆN THI LỚP 10

- The present perfect continuous is often used with the following words and phrases:
● for I’ve been learning English for over five years.
● since He’s been learning Chinese since 2006.
● just I’ve just been reading the school newspaper.

- Present perfect or present perfect continuous?

⮚ The present perfect often emphasises the result of an action.
Example: She’s written an article for the school newspaper. (= She’s finished it.)
⮚ The present perfect continuous often emphasises the action, and the time spent on the
action, rather than the result.
Example: She’s been writing an article for the school newspaper. (= She’s started,
but she hasn’t finished it yet.)
2. Past perfect continuous:
(a) Form:
Statement Negative Question

I/you/we/they/he/she/it I/you/we/they/he/she/it had Had

had (’d) been playing… not (hadn’t) been playing… I/you/we/they/he/she/it
been playing…?

(b) Usage:
Use Example

Actions continuing up to, We’d been doing grammar exercises for over an hour, we
or stopping just before, a were really bored!
moment in the past
They had a break because they’d been working so hard.

(c) Notes:
- The present perfect continuous is often used with the following words and phrases:
● for Tony had been studying for hours, so he
had a headache.
● since She’d been hoping to win the competition
since the summer.
● before We’d been talking about the Internet
before the lesson started.
 AP9 – LUYỆN THI LỚP 10

● all I’d been studying all day.

day/night/etc.

3. Future perfect continuous:

(a) Form:
Statement Negative Question

I/you/we/they/he/she/it I/you/we/they/he/she/it will Will

will have (’ll have) been have not (won’t have) been I/you/we/they/he/she/it
playing… playing… have been playing…?

(b) Usage:
Use Example

Actions continuing up to, or I will have been studying English for 10 years by the end
just before, a moment in the of next month.
future

HOMEWORK – VERB TENSES (Part 2)

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer.
1. We ___________ to the countryside two months ago.
A. go B. have gone C. went D. will go
2. We ___________ anything from James since we left school.
A. haven’t heard B. heard C. don’t hear D. didn’t hear
3. Remember to get to the cinema by 7.30. The movie ___________ at 8.00 sharp.
A. start B. starts C. is start D. will start
4. This novel is truly interesting! I ___________ it for four hours nonstop now.
A. am reading B. read C. have read D. have been reading
5. You look gorgeous! ___________ at the gym recently?
A. Are you work B. Do you work C. Have you worked D. Did you work
6. Lan: Oh no. My bike is broken!
My: Don’t worry. I ___________ give you a lift.
A. give B. am giving C. gave D. will give
7. Look at the dark cloud over there. It ___________ soon.
A. will rain B. is going to C. is raining D. will be raining
 AP9 – LUYỆN THI LỚP 10

8. Sơn: When are you going to ask the teacher for the final score?
Linh: _________ to her twice. I don’t think she knows about it.
A. I have talked B. I have been talking
C. I had talked D. I was talking
9. Minh, could you please turn off the gas table? The potatoes ________ for at least 3
minutes now.
A. are boiling B. boils
C. have boiled D. have been boiling
10. What ___________ when the accident ___________ last night?
A. were you doing/happened B. did you do/was happening
C. have you done/happened D. had you done/was happening

Exercise 2: Read the passage then choose the right words or phrases to fill in the blank.
I come from Switzerland. I came to London six months (1) ____ to learn English. I
haven’t met many English people yet, only my teachers. I (2) ____ learning English at school
in Switzerland when I was eleven, so I (3) ____ it for nearly ten years. At first in London, I
couldn’t understand anything, but now my English is improved. I (4) ____ an exam
yesterday. If I pass I will move into the next class. I’m excited today because my parents will
come tomorrow to stay with me for a few days and I (5) ____ them for a long time. They
have never been to England and they can’t speak English.
1. A. ago B. before C. last D. after
2. A. start B. am start C. started D. were start
3. A. have learnt B. learnt C. learn D. am learning
4. A. took B. taked C. taken D. Take
5. A. haven’t seen B. didn’t see C. don’t see D. hasn’t seen

Exercise 3: Put the verbs in brackets: past simple or present perfect.

1. I (receive) _______ a letter just a few minutes ago.
2. They (live) _______ in London since 1980.
3. Linda is working in this department. She (work) _______ here for two years.
4. Up to present. John (do) _______ good work in the class.
5. (they/ put) _______ their book on my desk last night?
6. He (study) _______ English at this school for six weeks up to now.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They (be) _______ empty for many years.
8. Cindy is in her office. She (be) _______ there since 7 o’clock.
 AP9 – LUYỆN THI LỚP 10

9. My sister (come) _______ to see me last night.

10. My friend George is learning Japanese. He (learn) _______ it for six months.
Exercise 4: Put the verbs in brackets: present perfect or present perfect continuous.
1. I (buy) _______ a new pair of shoes.
2. (you/finish) _______ reading that book yet? – I (read) _______ but I am still at chapter 10.
3. There is only a little cake left because your dad (eat) _______ it in the past 3 days.
4. I (not/see) _______ you for ages, how have you been?
5. I (drive) _______ for over eight hours now. I am extremely tired.
6. Sarah (lose) _______ a lot of weight lately, I hope she doesn’t get sick.
7. Bryan (write) _______ seven books and they are all published.
8. Bryan (write) _______ all night and he’s got 30 pages so far.
9. George (find) _______ an amazing job at the local pharmacist.
10. We are out of money because your mother (spend) _______ it all.
Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets: present perfect or present perfect continuous or
past perfect.
1. I never get up from the table before others (finish) _______.
2. It is already 9:30 pm and I (wait) _______ here for over an hour. If John does not get here
in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.

3. Did you hear that Ben was fired last month? He (work) _______ for that import company
for more than ten years and he (work) _______ in almost every department
4. I (see) _______ many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt last summer.
Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.
5. Sarah (climb) _______ Mount Everest, (sail) _______ around the world, and (go) _______
on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.
6. Susan (climb) _______ Mount Everest, (sail) _______ around the world, and (go) _______
on safari in Kenya by the time she was twenty-five. She _______ (experience) more by that
age than most people do in their entire lives.
7. Before my trip to Paris two years ago, I (never be) _______ to France.
8. When we finally stopped him, the squirrel (already eat) _______ five cookies.
9. Ben (try) _______ to open his own restaurant for the last few years. He (just finish)
_______ the painting, but he (not do) _______ the decorating yet.
10. You look tired. How long (run) _______?
Exercise 6: Find the extra word in each line starting from line 1.
International friends
I’ve been to travelling round Europe all summer. It’s the first time I’ve
ever been going abroad, and I’ve had a fantastic time! I’ve seen
loads of interesting places and I have to also made loads of new friends.
I’ve been decided to stay in touch with them now I’m back. One of
them, Giselle, is French. She was making on holiday too.We now send
text messages are to each other all the time. They’re usually in English
because my French isn’t very good! I’m planning to have visit her in
France next year sometime. I hope I can. I am love meeting people from
 AP9 – LUYỆN THI LỚP 10

other countries! I want to have had lots of friends from all over the
world! Travelling certainly broadens the mind but it also Is broadens
your circle of friends!

1. Answer 2. Answer 3. Answer 4. Answer 5. Answer

6. Answer 7. Answer 8. Answer 9. Answer 10. Answer