JavaScript Async Await Basics

Explain these JavaScript terms in easy English and easy way

async function
await keyword
Handing rejections

Memory updated

Let's break these terms down:

1. Async function:
An `async` function lets you write code that can wait for something to finish (like getting
data from a server) without stopping everything else.
Think of it like ordering a pizza. While waiting for it to be delivered, you can do other things
like watching TV. The pizza will arrive when it's ready, but you don't have to wait around
doing nothing.
Example:

javascript

async function getPizza() {

// This is where you wait for the pizza to be delivered.
}

2. Await keyword:
`await` is used inside `async` functions to tell JavaScript to "pause" until something is done.
Using the pizza example again: when you use `await`, it's like checking if your pizza has
arrived before moving on. It makes sure you have the pizza before you continue watching
TV.
Example:

javascript

async function getPizza() {

let pizza = await orderPizza(); // Waits for the pizza to arrive
console.log('Pizza is here!', pizza);
}

3. Handling rejections:

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 Sometimes, things don't go as planned, like if your pizza shop is closed and you don't get
your pizza. In JavaScript, this is called a "rejection" when using `async` functions.
You can handle these rejections with `try` and `catch`. `try` is like hoping everything will
be fine, and `catch` is there to take care of what happens if things go wrong (like if the
pizza never arrives).
Example:

javascript

async function getPizza() {

try {
let pizza = await orderPizza(); // Trying to get the pizza
console.log('Pizza is here!', pizza);
} catch (error) {
console.log('Failed to get the pizza!', error); // If there's an error,
handle it here
}
}

I hope this makes these concepts easy to understand!

What is an API?
Accessing some APIs
What is JSON?
Accessing JSON data
APIs testing tools

Let's explain these terms in an easy way:

1. What is an API?

API (Application Programming Interface) is like a messenger between different software

applications. It helps them communicate and share information, even if they’re built by different
people.
Imagine you’re in a restaurant, and the waiter is the API. You tell the waiter what you want (a
request), and he takes that to the kitchen (the server). The kitchen prepares your food (the data),
and the waiter brings it back to you (the response).
An API allows you to ask another service for data, like asking a weather website for the current
temperature or a payment service to process your payment.

2. Accessing Some APIs

You can access an API using URLs (web addresses). For example, you might have a weather API
like `https://weatherapi.com/getWeather`.
To get the data, you make a request (ask for something) using JavaScript's `fetch()` function, or
similar tools.
Example:

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 javascript

fetch('https://weatherapi.com/getWeather')
.then(response => response.json()) // Converts the response into JSON format
.then(data => console.log(data)); // Logs the weather data to the console

3. What is JSON?

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a way to store and organize data that’s easy for both
humans and computers to understand.
Think of JSON like a grocery list: it’s written in a structured way so you can see what items you
need and their quantities.
Example of JSON:

json

{
"name": "Apple",
"quantity": 3,
"price": 2.5
}

In this example, `name`, `quantity`, and `price` are keys, and `"Apple"`, `3`, and `2.5` are their
respective values.

4. Accessing JSON Data

When you make a request to an API, it often sends back data in JSON format.
You can access the data using JavaScript, like pulling out specific pieces of information.
Example:

javascript

fetch('https://weatherapi.com/getWeather')
.then(response => response.json()) // Converts the response into JSON format
.then(data => {
console.log(data.temperature); // Accesses the temperature from the data
});

5. APIs Testing Tools

To test APIs (check if they’re working and see the data they return), you can use special tools.
These tools help you make requests to the API and view the responses.
Some popular API testing tools are:
Postman: A user-friendly tool for making API requests and seeing responses in detail.
Insomnia: Similar to Postman, it’s good for testing APIs with a simple interface.
cURL: A command-line tool for making API requests directly from the terminal.
Swagger: Often used to view and interact with APIs directly from a web browser.

I hope this helps make these terms clear! Let me know if you need more details.

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 Now explain in detail

Certainly! Let’s go into a more detailed explanation of each term:

1. What is an API?

API stands for Application Programming Interface. It’s a way for different software
applications to communicate with each other. APIs define rules that allow two applications to
interact without knowing the internal workings of each other.

For example, imagine you have a weather app on your phone. When you open the app and look
for the weather in your city, the app sends a request to a weather service API. The API processes
this request, gets the data (like temperature, humidity, etc.), and sends it back to the app, which
then displays the information to you.

Why are APIs important? They allow developers to use existing services (like maps, payment
gateways, or social media integrations) without building everything from scratch. APIs save time,
ensure consistency, and make it easier for applications to work together.

Types of APIs:
REST (Representational State Transfer): The most common type, using standard web
protocols like HTTP. It’s like ordering pizza online—each time you make a request, you get a
response (like a web page or data).
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol): An older protocol that sends messages in XML
format. It’s more complex and used in enterprise systems.
GraphQL: A newer way of querying APIs, where you can specify exactly what data you
need, making it more efficient than REST in some cases.

2. Accessing Some APIs

Accessing an API usually involves making an HTTP request. There are different types of HTTP
requests, like:
GET: To retrieve data (e.g., get the current weather).
POST: To send data to a server (e.g., submit a new user registration).
PUT: To update existing data.
DELETE: To delete data.
When you access an API, you use a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). This URL can have query
parameters to specify what data you want. For example, `https://weatherapi.com/getWeather?
city=London`.
In JavaScript, you can use the `fetch()` function to make these HTTP requests:

javascript

fetch('https://api.example.com/data')
.then(response => response.json()) // Converts the response into JSON format

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 .then(data => console.log(data))
.catch(error => console.error('Error fetching data:', error));

The above code requests data from an API, converts the response into a readable format (JSON),
and then logs it.

3. What is JSON?

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format that’s easy for both
humans and machines to read and write. It is often used when exchanging data between a client
(like a web browser) and a server.
JSON is built using key-value pairs, where:
A key is a string (like "name" or "age").
A value can be a string, number, array, or even another JSON object.
Here’s an example of JSON data:

json

{
"person": {
"name": "John",
"age": 30,
"hobbies": ["reading", "cycling", "swimming"],
"address": {
"city": "New York",
"zipcode": "10001"
}
}
}

In this JSON:
`"person"` is a key, and its value is an object that contains more information.
`"hobbies"` is an array containing multiple values.
JSON is commonly used with APIs because it’s easy to parse in programming languages like
JavaScript.

4. Accessing JSON Data

When you make an API request, the server often returns data in JSON format. To use this data in
your program, you need to parse it (convert it from a JSON string into a usable object).
In JavaScript, you can use the `fetch()` function to access JSON data and work with it:

javascript

fetch('https://api.example.com/user')
.then(response => response.json()) // Converts the JSON string into a JavaScript
object
.then(data => {
console.log('User name:', data.name);
console.log('User age:', data.age);
})
.catch(error => console.error('Error fetching user data:', error));

In this example:
The `fetch()` function sends a request to the API.

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 `.then(response => response.json())` converts the response data into JSON format.
`.then(data => {...})`lets you access the parsed data.
If something goes wrong (like a network issue), `.catch()` will handle the error.

5. API Testing Tools

API testing tools help developers make requests to APIs, see responses, test different scenarios,
and ensure that everything is working as expected.
Here are some popular API testing tools:
Postman:
Postman is a widely used tool for testing APIs. It provides a user-friendly interface
where you can manually enter API endpoints, choose request types (GET, POST, etc.),
and add parameters.
It allows you to see the request and response in detail, making it easier to debug
issues.
It’s also useful for automating tests by creating collections of API requests.
Insomnia:
Similar to Postman, Insomnia is known for its simple and clean interface.
It’s useful for developers who want to quickly make API requests and view the
responses without a lot of setup.
cURL:
cURL is a command-line tool that allows you to make API requests directly from your
terminal.
It’s lightweight and doesn’t require a graphical interface, making it ideal for use in
scripts or automation.
Example of a `cURL` command:

bash

curl -X GET "https://api.example.com/data" -H "Authorization: Bearer

token123"

This command sends a GET request to an API and includes an authorization token in
the header.
Swagger:
Swagger is used for API documentation and testing. It allows developers to see a list
of API endpoints and interact with them directly from the web.
It’s especially useful for APIs that need to be shared with other developers, as it
provides detailed documentation and testing options.

These detailed explanations should give you a deeper understanding of APIs, JSON, how to access and
work with them, and the tools that help with testing and development! Let me know if you have any
more questions or need further clarification.

What is Ajax?
HTTPS Verbs
Status Codes

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 Let’s go through these terms in detail:

1. What is AJAX?

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a technique that allows web pages to
communicate with a server without needing to reload the entire page. It helps create more
dynamic and faster websites.
Asynchronous means that you can send or receive data from a server in the background while
the user continues to interact with the webpage.
Even though it stands for "JavaScript and XML," nowadays, it often uses JSON instead of XML
because JSON is simpler and easier to work with.
Why is AJAX useful? Imagine you are filling out a form online, and as soon as you enter your
username, it checks if it’s available or not without needing to reload the entire page. That’s AJAX
at work.
How does it work?
It uses an `XMLHttpRequest` object or the modern `fetch()` function to send requests to a
server.
The server processes the request and sends back a response.
JavaScript then updates only the part of the webpage that needs to change based on the
response.
Example using `fetch()`:

javascript

// Fetch data from a server without reloading the page

fetch('https://api.example.com/data')
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => {
console.log('Data received:', data);
// Use the received data to update the webpage
})
.catch(error => console.error('Error fetching data:', error));

2. HTTP Verbs (Methods)

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) verbs are methods used to communicate with a server.
They tell the server what action the client (browser) wants to perform.
Here are the most commonly used HTTP methods:
GET:
Retrieves data from a server.
It’s like asking the server for a copy of some information.
Example: Fetching the list of products on a shopping site.
Example in URL: `https://api.example.com/products`
POST:
Sends data to the server to create a new resource.
It’s like submitting a form or adding a new item.
Example: Creating a new user account.
Example in JavaScript:

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 javascript

fetch('https://api.example.com/createUser', {
method: 'POST',
body: JSON.stringify({ username: 'JohnDoe', password: 'secure123' }),
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});

PUT:
Updates an existing resource on the server.
Example: Updating a user’s profile information.
Example in JavaScript:

javascript

fetch('https://api.example.com/updateUser/123', {
method: 'PUT',
body: JSON.stringify({ username: 'JohnDoeUpdated' }),
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});

DELETE:
Removes a resource from the server.
Example: Deleting a user account.
Example in JavaScript:

javascript

fetch('https://api.example.com/deleteUser/123', {
method: 'DELETE'
});

PATCH:
Partially updates a resource (modifying just a few fields instead of the entire object).
Example: Updating only the email of a user.
Example in JavaScript:

javascript

fetch('https://api.example.com/updateUserEmail/123', {
method: 'PATCH',
body: JSON.stringify({ email: '[email protected]' }),
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
});

3. Status Codes

HTTP status codes are responses that the server sends back to the client to indicate the result of
the request.
They consist of a three-digit number and are grouped into five categories:
1xx (Informational):
These codes indicate that the request was received, and the process is continuing.
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 Example: `100 Continue` means the initial request was received, and the client should
continue with the request.
2xx (Success):
These codes mean the request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
200 OK: The request was successful, and the server is returning the requested data.
201 Created: The request was successful, and a new resource was created (e.g., a new
user).
204 No Content: The request was successful, but there is no content to return (e.g.,
after deleting something).
3xx (Redirection):
These codes indicate that further action needs to be taken by the client to complete
the request.
301 Moved Permanently: The requested resource has been permanently moved to a
new URL.
302 Found: The requested resource temporarily resides under a different URL.
304 Not Modified: The resource has not been modified since the last request, so the
cached version can be used.
4xx (Client Errors):
These codes mean there was an error with the request from the client’s side.
400 Bad Request: The server could not understand the request due to invalid syntax.
401 Unauthorized: The client must authenticate itself to get the requested response
(e.g., login required).
403 Forbidden: The client does not have permission to access the resource.
404 Not Found: The server can’t find the requested resource (e.g., the URL is
incorrect).
429 Too Many Requests: The client has sent too many requests in a given amount of
time (rate-limiting).
5xx (Server Errors):
These codes mean the server failed to fulfill a valid request.
500 Internal Server Error: A generic error message when the server encounters an
unexpected condition.
502 Bad Gateway: The server received an invalid response from an upstream server.
503 Service Unavailable: The server is temporarily unavailable, usually due to
maintenance or overload.
504 Gateway Timeout: The server did not receive a timely response from an
upstream server.

Understanding AJAX, HTTP verbs, and status codes is essential for working with web applications and
APIs. AJAX allows you to create dynamic experiences by fetching data without page reloads. HTTP
verbs determine what action to perform on the data, and status codes help you know whether your
requests were successful or if something went wrong. Let me know if you need further details on any
part!
ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

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