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    History of MA

    Berber was considered as the homogeneous language of the inhabitants of morocco, the term berber
    is rooted from the greel word “barbarous”. Berbers were conquered by arabs which created a huge
    contact between the two languages.by 7th century berbers were obliged to learn Arabic because of
    the power of religion and arabization that arabs showed that time.

    In the 11th century, banu hilal(Bedouin) migrated from iberian peninsula to north Africa, they
    traveled cross sahara and settled in the Moroccan sahara creating arab-berber cultural diversity.The
    clash between banu hilal , banu maqil and berbers led to the formation of new tribes as banu sulaym.

    By 12th century, arabs from hijaz migrated to north Africa and contributed to the spreading of islam.
    then, by 15th century andalusian and jews who were speaking hakitia; which is a judeo Spanish
    language were expelled fron spain. They were found in a situation where they had to migrate to
    morocco, the muslims spreak all over the country and the newcomers of jews settled in the jewish
    quarters of morocco ( essauira, mellah). Some of the migrants settled in tetouanmand tangier and
    they had a signifant influence of the language such as the voiceless stop ”p”(baida----paita) which is
    spoken only by western people and also the glottal 3 ( inshallah---insha3allah).

    Archaic berber also had significant influence on the Moroccan language, that incorporate the
    Moroccan lexicon and grammar, such as the morpheme “t” which is placed at the beginning of the
    words to make reference to a job ( tagzzart-tafla7t).

    Also the central vowel shwa which is very common in the MA, it’s rooted from Berber.

    The contact that morocco had with romance language such as Portuguese and Spanish, resulted new
    phonemes in the language such as tch, dz.

    By 20th century, the French conquerors brought also their linguistic features to the Moroccan
    language. Many borrowings were taken and adapted according to the morphology of the MA such as

    Agreser---- grisa ( onset is obligatory in MA, therefore it was deleted forming the word grisa)

    In 1556, morocco gained its independence. Many jews traveled to Israel and a minority remained in
    some regios on morocco.

    Today, there are three distinct berber groups.

    Tarifit : spoken in the north of morocco

    Tamazight : spoken in the middle of morocco

    Tashlhyt: spoken in the southern west of morocco

    the pre hilalian language in north africa was not influenced by any other languages, as opposed to
    post-hilalian.After banu hilal migrated to north Africa they contributed to the creation of a huge
    language diversity that combined features from before and after banu hilal’s arrival.
    Fes was the first true arab city that time.

    Post hilalian language affected the pre hilalian language, as the long vowel no longer existed.e.g:
    bait----bit chaib---- chib.To sum up, Moroccan Arabic witnessed many factors that contribution to
    its formation (sources).Archaic berber, the contact with berbers had a significant influence on the
    M.A. in grammar, vocabulary, phonology ..

    And andalusi substratm of Arabic which refers to the wave of arabization that took place in north
    Africa.

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